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Physical connection between the tropical Indian Ocean tripole and western Tibetan Plateau surface air temperature during boreal summer

These experiments are used to study atmospheric circulation responses to SST forcing related to Indian Ocean tripole mode, including the precipitation, omega, geopotential height, zonal and meridional winds.

Figure 2 in The first Fulgoridae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) from the Eocene of the central Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Figure 2. Fulgoridae gen. et sp. indet. (a) Imprint, specimen XZDY1-I-0031A. (b) Counterpart, specimen XZDY1-I-0031B. CuP, cubitus posterior; cv, crossveins; fg, female genitalia; h, head; hp, horseshoe pattern; hm, hind-wing margins; lpf, left profemur; mf, mesofemurs; ml, metalegs; ms, mesonotum; mt, metanotum; nl, nodal line; p, pronotum; rpf, right profemur; ta, tarsi; ti, tibia.

Figure 4 in The first Fulgoridae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) from the Eocene of the central Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Figure 4. Wings and genitalia. (a) Clavus. (b) Base part of the wings. (c) Nodal line and reticular veins of the hind wing. Red arrows trace the nodal line. (d) Crossveins. (e, f) Female genitalia of the part and the counterpart. A1, first anal vein; at, anal tube; bs, basal cell; CuA, cubital anterior; CuP, cubitus posterior; cv, crossveins; Gp, gonoplac; Gx, gonocoxa; Gy, gonapophysis; hm, hind-wing margin; MP, media posterior; mp, metapleuron; nl, nodal line; Pcu, postcubitus; R, radius; rv, reticular veins; ScP, subcosta posterior; te, tegula; tg, tergite. The specimen was immersed into alcohol in (b), (d), (e) and (f).

Figure 1 in The first Fulgoridae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) from the Eocene of the central Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Figure 1. Maps showing the location of the specimen. (a) Location of the Lunpola Basin within the Tibetan Plateau terranes. BNS, Bangong– Nujiang suture; JS, Jinshajiang suture; YZS, Yalu–Zangbo suture. Map data provided by SRTM data V4 (Jarvis et al., 2008). (b) Schematic lithologic log of the Dayu section showing stratigraphic positions of radiogenic dating samples and Fulgoridae fossil of the Niubao Formation. Modified from Fang et al. (2020). (c) The specimen was collected from fossil sites DY1 in Lunpola Basin.

Figure 3 in The first Fulgoridae (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) from the Eocene of the central Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

Figure 3. Head, thorax, and legs. (a) Thorax of the part and the counterpart. (b) Preserved part of the head. (c) Prolegs. (d) Metalegs. (e, f) Tarsi of the metalegs. (g) Metatibia of the counterpart. (h) Show the spine in (g). amm, anterior margin of mesonotum; as, apical spines; c, carinae; cl, claw; ls, lateral spines; lt, lateral teeth; mt, median teeth; p, pronotum; pf, profemurs; s, scape; sc, scutellum; te, tegula; ts, tarsomere; v, vertex; w, wrinkles. The specimen was immersed into alcohol except in (a).

Fig. 5 in Phylogeography of (Nemacheilidae): Responded to the Mid-Pleistocene Climate Transition in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

Fig. 5. Bayesian Skyline Plot (BSP) of the Tibetan stone loaches, T. stenura based on mtDNA (COI, Cyt b). The maximum time is set to the upper 95% HPD of the root height. The median estimate (solid line) and 95% HPD limits (Color area) are indicated. (a) Yangtze River populations (clade 4); (b) Subansiri River population (clade 3); (c) Nu River populations (clade 2); (d) the southwestern and central QTP populations (clade 1).

Fig. 3 in Phylogeography of (Nemacheilidae): Responded to the Mid-Pleistocene Climate Transition in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

Fig. 3. Bayesian estimates of divergence time for the lineages of T. stenura based on the mitochondrial genes (COI, Cyt b) data set. Dusty purple bars represent 95% highest posterior density for divergence estimates. The numbers on the nodes are million years ago (Mya).

Fig. 2 in Phylogeography of (Nemacheilidae): Responded to the Mid-Pleistocene Climate Transition in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

Fig. 2. ML tree for T. stenura on QTP and in its adjacent drainages based on a combination of genes including two mitochondrial genes (COI, Cyt b) and recombination activating protein 1 gene (Rag1-701 bp). Clade credibility values of major lineages are given for nodes with bootstrap support for ML (above branch) and posterior probability for Bayesian inferences (below branch). Major clades referred to in the text are listed to the right. Different colors were assigned for each clade: Clade 1, green; Clade 2, red; Clade 3, black; Clade 4, blue; Outgroups, black.

Fig. 4 in Phylogeography of (Nemacheilidae): Responded to the Mid-Pleistocene Climate Transition in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

Fig. 4. TCS network generated by Popart based on cytochrome b haplotypes for the T. stenura in QTP. Numbers in the networks represent haplotype designations and the areas of the circles are proportional to haplotype frequency; Black dots represent missing intermediate haplotypes.

Fig. 1 in Phylogeography of (Nemacheilidae): Responded to the Mid-Pleistocene Climate Transition in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

Fig. 1. Map of the study area and geographical distribution of sampling sites in this study. The sites are numbered according to table 1.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Fig. 2 in Novel genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Enterocytozoon bieneusi detected in plateau zokors (Myospalax baileyi) from the Tibetan Plateau

Fig. 2. Phylogenetic relationships of E. bieneusi genotypes identified in the present study and other known genotypes deposited on GenBank was inferred by a maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequences using the Tamura 3-parameter model with 500 replicates. The Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (GenBank: KR021167.1) was used as the outgroup. The blue triangle and squares indicate the novel genotypes identified in this study, respectively. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Fig. 1 in Novel genotypes of Cryptosporidium and Enterocytozoon bieneusi detected in plateau zokors (Myospalax baileyi) from the Tibetan Plateau

Fig. 1. Phylogenetic relationships of Cryptosporidium sp. genotypes identified in the present study and other known genotypes and species on GenBank was inferred by a maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis of SSU rRNA gene sequences using the Tamura 3-parameter model and with 500 replicates. The Eimeria (GenBank: U40264.1) were used as the outgroup. The red circles and squares indicate the novel genotypes identified in this study. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Fig. 1 in First report on the molecular detection of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in livestock and wildlife around Qinghai Lake in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau area, China

Fig. 1. Phylogenetic tree of E. bieneusi isolates and reference based on ITS region sequence of small-subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) genes.

Figure 5. A, strict consensus tree from 11 in A new leptarctine (Carnivora: Mustelidae) from the early Miocene of the northern Tibetan Plateau: implications for the phylogeny and zoogeography of basal mustelids

Figure 5. A, strict consensus tree from 11 shortest trees (tree length = 79 steps) recovered using the Branch and Bound option in PAUP (Swofford, 1993) on a 17 ¥ 31 data matrix (Table 2); B, bootstrap analysis performed on the same data matrix. Numbers at the nodes indicate per cent bootstrap support from heuristic search based on 100 replicates. Only groups with a frequency of greater than 50% are retained.

Figure 1 in A new leptarctine (Carnivora: Mustelidae) from the early Miocene of the northern Tibetan Plateau: implications for the phylogeny and zoogeography of basal mustelids

Figure 1. Above, map of the Tabenbuluk (Danghe) area in the Tibetan Plateau. Below, map of selected vertebrate fossil localities and their geological relationships in the Danghe area (adapted from Wang et al., 2003c: fig. 2). Only the early Miocene localities in the Xishuigou Fauna are plotted (in upper right quadrant), along with the late Oligocene Yindirte Fauna (in lower left quadrant).

Figure 6 in A new leptarctine (Carnivora: Mustelidae) from the early Miocene of the northern Tibetan Plateau: implications for the phylogeny and zoogeography of basal mustelids

Figure 6. Cladogram of basal musteloids. A single tree with a length of 77 was found using the Branch and Bound option in PAUP (Swofford, 1993) on a 16 ¥ 31 data matrix (Table 2). Character distributions were optimized using ClaDos (version 1.2, Kevin Nixon). As ClaDos does not accept a matrix with two-state codings, we converted the two-state characters into a single derived state.

Figure 3 in A new leptarctine (Carnivora: Mustelidae) from the early Miocene of the northern Tibetan Plateau: implications for the phylogeny and zoogeography of basal mustelids

Figure 3. Holotype of Kinometaxia guangpui gen. et sp. nov., IVPP V13057, A, stereophotos of occlusal view of upper left P4 and M1; B, anterior and C, posterior views of skull.

Figure 2 in A new leptarctine (Carnivora: Mustelidae) from the early Miocene of the northern Tibetan Plateau: implications for the phylogeny and zoogeography of basal mustelids

Figure 2. Holotype of Kinometaxia guangpui gen. et sp. nov., IVPP V13057, A, lateral, B, ventral, and C, dorsal views.

Figure 7 in A new leptarctine (Carnivora: Mustelidae) from the early Miocene of the northern Tibetan Plateau: implications for the phylogeny and zoogeography of basal mustelids

Figure 7. Phyletic relationships, time ranges, and migration events of Eurasian and North American late Cenozoic leptarctines and some basal mustelids. The first appearance datums (FAD) are derived from the following sources: Paragale and Plesiogale from the late Aquitanian Montaigu-le-Blin locality in the Allier Basin of France (MN2a, c. 20.5–22.5 Mya) (Ginsburg, 1999), Trocharion from Vieux Collonges (MN 5, 17–15 Mya) of France (Qiu & Schmidt- Kittler, 1982), Kinometaxia from the IVPP DH 9910 locality in the Tiejianggou Formation (Wang et al., 2003c), North America leptarctines (Schultzogale, Craterogale, and Leptarctus) from the early Hemingfordian Runningwater Formation of Nebraska (Baskin, 1998; Lim & Martin, 2000), and Leptarctus neimenguensis from the late Tunggurian Tairum Nor locality in the Tunggur Formation of China (Zhai, 1964; Wang et al., 2003b). Open arrows pointing right and left indicate eastward and westward migration events respectively.