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Fig. 15 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)

Fig. 15. Pholcophora papanoa Huber sp. nov., male paratype from Mexico, Guerrero, S of Papanoa (ZFMK Ar 23945). A–B. Chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. C–E. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. F–H. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Abbreviation: dp, dorsal process. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 4. Pholcophora americana Banks, 1896 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)

Fig. 4. Pholcophora americana Banks, 1896, male from USA, Colorado, near Golden (ZFMK Kra55). Left palp, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Abbreviations: b = genital bulb; co = coxa; fe = femur; p = procursus; pa = patella; ta = tarsus; ti = tibia; tr = trochanter. Scale bar = 0.3 mm.

Fig. 11 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)

Fig. 11. Pholcophora mazatlan Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Guerrero, N of Mazatlán (ZFMK Ar 23943). Epigyna, ventral and lateral views. Scale bar = 0.3 mm (all at same scale).

Fig. 24. Pholcophora texana Gertsch, 1935 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)

Fig. 24. Pholcophora texana Gertsch, 1935, female from Mexico, Hidalgo, 2.5 km SW of Jacala (ZFMK Mex341). A. Detail of femur 2, retrolateral view. B. Detail of tibia 4, retrolateral view. C. Patella-tibia 1 joint, retrolateral view. D. Metatarsus-tarsus 2 joint, retrolateral view. E. Retrolateral trichobothrium of tibia 1. F. Detail of tarsus 1, showing pseudosegmentation. G. Tip of tarsus 2, retrolateral view. H. Tip of tarsus 4, prolateral view, showing comb-hair (arrow). Scale bars: A–B, D–H = 10 µm; C = 20 µm.

Fig. 14 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)

Fig. 14. Pholcophora papanoa Huber sp. nov., male paratype from Mexico, Guerrero, S of Papanoa (ZFMK Ar 23945). Left palp, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Scale bar = 0.3 mm.

Fig. 32 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)

Fig. 32. Pholcophora? "Cu12-325", female from Cuba, Santiago de Cuba, Siboney (ZFMK Cu12-325). A–B. Habitus, dorsal and lateral views. C–D. Abdomen, ventral and lateral views. E. Cleared female genitalia, ventral view. F. Detail of median internal structures, dorsal view. Scale bars: A–B = 1 mm; C–D = 0.3 mm; E–F = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 8. Pholcophora americana Banks, 1896 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)

Fig. 8. Pholcophora americana Banks, 1896, female from USA, Colorado, near Golden (ZFMK USA16). A. Prosoma, frontal view. B. Right spinnerets. C. Anterior lateral spinneret. D. Detail of tibia 1. E. Detail of metatarsus 4. F. Tarsal organ on tarsus 1. G. Tarsal organ and slit sensillum on tarsus 3. H. Tarsal organ on tarsus 4. Scale bars: A = 100 µm; B–E, G = 10 µm; F, H = 2 µm.

Fig. 18 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)

Fig. 18. Pholcophora papanoa Huber sp. nov., female from Mexico, Guerrero, S of Papanoa (ZFMK Mex216). A. Ocular area, frontal view. B. Right chelicera, lateral view, showing absence of stridulatory file. C. Epigynum, posterior view. D. Spinnerets. E. Palpal tarsal organ (and base of 'regular' hair). F. Prolateral trichobothrium on tibia 2. Abbreviations: ep = epigynum (main epigynal plate); pep = posterior epigynal plate. Scale bars: A, C = 100 µm; B, F = 20 µm; D = 10 µm; E = 2 µm.

Fig. 17 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)

Fig. 17. Pholcophora papanoa Huber sp. nov., females from Mexico, Guerrero, S of Papanoa (ZFMK Ar 23945), cleared female genitalia. A, D. Ventral views. B, E. Dorsal views. C, F. Detail of median internal structures. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 0.2 mm; C, F = 0.05 mm.

Fig. 26 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)

Fig. 26. Pholcophora tehuacan Huber sp. nov., male paratype from Mexico, Puebla, SE of Tehuacan (ZFMK Ar 23949). A–B. Chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. C–E. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. F–G. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Abbreviations: dp = distal process; rda = retrolateral-dorsal apophysis. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 1 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)

Fig. 1. Relationships of Pholcophora Banks, 1896 and Tolteca Huber, 2000 derived from analysis of molecular data using IQ-Tree and the ClipKIT gappy trimming strategy. Newly generated CO1 sequences (codes starting with N) were combined with data from Eberle et al. (2018) (all other codes). Numbers on the branches are SH-aLRT supports (%). The tree shows only the ingroups and the Ninetinae outgroups. Clade colours are as in Figs 2 and 35. For the complete tree, and for clade support using different alignment strategies, see Supp. file 1: Fig. S76. Photos on the right from top to bottom: Tolteca manzanillo Huber sp. nov.; Papiamenta savonet Huber, 2000; Pholcophora papanoa Huber sp. nov.

Fig. 22. Pholcophora texana Gertsch, 1935 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)

Fig. 22. Pholcophora texana Gertsch, 1935, females from Mexico, Hidalgo, SW of Jacala (ZFMK Ar 23952). A–B. Cleared female genitalia, ventral and dorsal views. C–D. Detail of median internal structures in two different specimens (slightly different angles of view). Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm; C–D = 0.1 mm.

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Fig. 35 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)

Fig. 35. Known distribution of Tolteca Huber, 2000.

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Tula - Bajo relieve tolteca

Bajo relieve de una peregrinacion tolteca Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab

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Subspecies and Distribution. P.y. yagouaroundi Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803 — the Guianas highlands S to Amazon Basin of Brazil. P. y. ameghinoi Holmberg, 1898 — W Argentina (from Jujuy S to N Patagonia). P. y. cacomitli Berlandier, 1859 — NE Mexico, possibly extinct in S USA (Texas). P. y. eyra Fischer, 1814 — S Brazil through Paraguay to N Argentina. P.y. fossata Mearns, 1901 — S Mexico to Honduras. P.y. melantho Thomas, 1914 — Andean valleys of Peru and W Brazil (upper Amazonia). P.y. panamensis J. A. Allen, 1904 — Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, W Colombia to Ecuador. P.y. tolteca Thomas, 1898 — NW Mexico (Sinaloa), extinct in SW USA (Arizona). in Felidae

Subspecies and Distribution. P.y. yagouaroundi Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1803 — the Guianas highlands S to Amazon Basin of Brazil. P. y. ameghinoi Holmberg, 1898 — W Argentina (from Jujuy S to N Patagonia). P. y. cacomitli Berlandier, 1859 — NE Mexico, possibly extinct in S USA (Texas). P. y. eyra Fischer, 1814 — S Brazil through Paraguay to N Argentina. P.y. fossata Mearns, 1901 — S Mexico to Honduras. P.y. melantho Thomas, 1914 — Andean valleys of Peru and W Brazil (upper Amazonia). P.y. panamensis J. A. Allen, 1904 — Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, W Colombia to Ecuador. P.y. tolteca Thomas, 1898 — NW Mexico (Sinaloa), extinct in SW USA (Arizona).

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Linked collectors and determiners for: Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae).

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/339bce42-a7e7-418b-b9ac-4588e4219b15">https://bionomia.net/dataset/339bce42-a7e7-418b-b9ac-4588e4219b15</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/339bce42-a7e7-418b-b9ac-4588e4219b15">https://gbif.org/dataset/339bce42-a7e7-418b-b9ac-4588e4219b15</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Fig. 61 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)

Fig. 61. Known altitudinal variation for records of the Caribbean clade, Mexican Pholcophora Banks, 1896, P. americana Banks, 1896, and Tolteca Huber, 2000. Highest altitudinal record for each group is detailed. Letters indicate statistically significant groups (p = 0.000). Note that the altitudinal range is significantly lower for the Caribbean clade, intermediate for Tolteca, and higher for both Pholcophora groups. Note that the two outliers for P. americana result from rough estimates of the coordinates; the actual collecting sites may have been lower.

Fig. 40 in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)

Fig. 40. Tolteca hesperia (Gertsch, 1982), females from Mexico, Sinaloa, S of Rosario (ZFMK Ar 23953), cleared female genitalia, A, D. Ventral views. B, E. Dorsal views. C, F. Detail of median internal structures. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 0.1 mm; C, F = 0.05 mm.

Fig. 7. Pholcophora americana Banks, 1896, cleared female genitalia. A–C in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)

Fig. 7. Pholcophora americana Banks, 1896, cleared female genitalia. A–C. From USA, California, Inyo Nat. Forest (ZFMK G089). D–F. From Colorado, near Golden (ZFMK USA16). A, D. Ventral views. B, E. Dorsal views. C, F. Detail of median internal structures. Scale bars: A–B, D–E = 0.3 mm; C, F = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 5. Pholcophora americana Banks, 1896, males. A–E in Short-legged daddy-long-leg spiders in North America: the genera Pholcophora and Tolteca (Araneae, Pholcidae)

Fig. 5. Pholcophora americana Banks, 1896, males. A–E. From USA, Montana, Lolo Nat. Forest (ZFMK G092). F–H. From California, Inyo Nat. Forest (ZFMK G089). A–B. Chelicerae, frontal and lateral views. C–E. Left palpal tarsus and procursus, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. F–H. Left genital bulb, prolateral, dorsal, and retrolateral views. Scale bars = 0.3 mm.