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Fig. 9 in Ituglanis agreste, a new catfish from the rio de Contas basin, northeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)

Fig. 9. Caudal skeleton of Ituglanis agreste, paratype, UFRN 38, 41.8 mm SL. Left lateral view. Abbreviations: HS, hemal spines; H3, hypural 3; H4+H5, hypurals 4 and 5 fused; NS, neural spine; PC1+UR, pleural 1 and ural fused; PC2, pleural centrum 2; PH+HU1+HU2, parhypural partially fused to hypurals 1-2; UN, uroneural. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 4 in Ituglanis agreste, a new catfish from the rio de Contas basin, northeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)

Fig. 4. Right suspensorium and opercular series of Ituglanis agreste, UFRN 38, 41.8 mm SL. Lateral view.The arrow indicates the interopercle plate broad and elongate. Abbreviations: HYO, hyomandibula; IOP, interopercle; MPT, metapterygoid; OPE, opercle; POP, preopercle; QUA, quadrate. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 8 in Ituglanis agreste, a new catfish from the rio de Contas basin, northeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)

Fig. 8. Pelvic girdle of Ituglanis agreste, paratype, UFRN 38, 41.8 mm SL. Dorsal view.Abbreviations:APS, anterior processes; AMP, anterior medium processes; BPT, basipterygium; PSP, pelvic splint; PVR, pelvic rays. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 7 in Ituglanis agreste, a new catfish from the rio de Contas basin, northeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)

Fig. 7. Left Pectoral girdle of Ituglanis agreste, paratype, UFRN 38, 41.8 mm SL. Ventral view. Abbreviations: CLE, cleithrum; PTR, pectoral rays; PR1, proximal radial 1 (cartilaginous); PR2, proximal radial 2; SCO, scapulocoracoid. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 6 in Ituglanis agreste, a new catfish from the rio de Contas basin, northeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)

Fig. 6. Branchial skeleton of Ituglanis agreste, paratype, UFRN 38, 41.8 mm SL. Dorsal view (left dorsal elements and gill rakers not shown). Abbreviations: BB2-4, basibranchials 2 to 4; CB1-5, ceratobranchials 1 to 5; EB1-4, epibranchials 1 to 4; HB1-3, hypobranchials 1 to 3; PB3-4, pharyngobranchials 3 to 4; TPL, tooth plate. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 5 in Ituglanis agreste, a new catfish from the rio de Contas basin, northeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)

Fig. 5. Left hyoid arch of Ituglanis agreste, paratype, UFRN 38, 41.8 mm SL.Ventral view.Abbreviations:ACH, anterior ceratohyal; BRR, branchiostegal rays; PCH, posterior ceratohyal; PUH, parurohyal; VHH, ventral hypohyal. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 3 in Ituglanis agreste, a new catfish from the rio de Contas basin, northeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)

Fig. 3. Left mandible of Ituglanis agreste, paratype, UFRN 38, 41.8 mm SL. Medial view. Abbreviations: AAR, anguloarticulo-retroarticular; CPR, coronoid process; DEN, dentary. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 2 in Ituglanis agreste, a new catfish from the rio de Contas basin, northeastern Brazil (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)

Fig. 2. Neurocranium and Weberian capsule of Ituglanis agreste, UFRN 38, 41.8 mm SL; a, dorsal view; b, ventral view. Abbreviations: AOR, antorbital; APA, autopalatine; BAO+EXO, basioccipital-exoccipital bone; EPO, epioccipital; FRO, frontal; FSO, parieto-supraoccipital fontanel; i1-i11, infraorbital pores; ll1-ll3, lateral line pores; LET, lateral ethmoid; MAX, maxilla; MET, mesethmoid; ORB, orbitosphenoid; PAS, parasphenoid; PMX, premaxilla; po1, preopercular pore; PSO, parietosupraoccipital; PSC, posttemporo-supracleithrum; PTE, pterotic; s1-s6, supraorbital pores; SPH+POT+PSF, sphenotic-prooticpterosphenoid; SSO, sesamoid supraorbital; VOM, vomer; WEB, Capsule of Weberian apparatus. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 6 in Rediscovery, taxonomic and conservation status of the threatened catfish Listrura camposi (Miranda-Ribeiro) (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)

Fig. 6. Geographic distribution of Listrura camposi (circles) and Listrura sp. (square) from município de Florianópolis; Southeastern Brazil, Santa Catarina to São Paulo States. Open circle indicates the type locality of L. camposi.

Fig. 5 in Rediscovery, taxonomic and conservation status of the threatened catfish Listrura camposi (Miranda-Ribeiro) (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)

Fig. 5. Skeleton of Listrura camposi, MNRJ 37023, 35.7 mm SL. (a) Skull and Weberian capsule in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views. (b) Lower jaw, left side; internal view. (c) Gill arches, dorsal view. Right dorsal elements not drawn. (d) Hyoid arch, left side: ventral view. Dashed lines indicate the tip of the lateral process of parurohyal in relation to ceratohyals. (e) Pectoral girdle, left side: ventral view. Legends: AA+RA - angulo-articular and retro-articular co-ossified, AC - anterior ceratohyal, AN - antorbital, AU - autopalatine, B2-4 - basibranchials 2 to 4, BA+EX - fused basioccipital-exoccipitals, BR - branchiostegal rays, C1-5 - ceratobranchials 1 to 5, CL - cleithrum, cpr - coronoid process, DE - dentary, E1-4 - epibranchials 1 to 4, EP - epioccipital, FR - frontal, H1-4 - hypobranchials 1 to 4, IC - interceratohyal cartilage, LE - lateral ethmoid, ll1-2 - pores 1 and 2 of main lateral line, MA - maxilla, MC - Meckel cartilage, ME - mesethmoid, OB - orbitosphenoid, P3-4 - pharyngobranchials 3 and 4, PA - parasphenoid, PC - posterior ceratohyal, PF - pectoral-fin rays, PM - premaxilla, PP - "posttemporosupracleithrum", pp1 - pore 1 of preopercular canal, po1 - pore 1 of postotic canal, PT - pterotic, PR1-2 - proximal radials 1 and 2, RA - retro-articular, SC - scapulocoracoid, SO - sesamoid supraorbital, SP+PO+PS - fused sphenotic-prootic-pterosphenoid, SU - parieto-supraoccipital, TP - tooth plate, UH - parurohyal, VH - ventral hypohyal, VO - vomer, WE - Weberian capsule.

Fig. 4 in Rediscovery, taxonomic and conservation status of the threatened catfish Listrura camposi (Miranda-Ribeiro) (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)

Fig. 4. Caudal skeleton of Listrura camposi, MNRJ 37023, 35.7 mm SL, left side: lateral view. The arrow indicates the vestigial neural arch of preural-1 centrum. Legends: H3+H4+H5 - fused hypural 3-hypural 4-hypural 5, HS - hemal spine, NS - neural spine, P1+U1 - fused preural 1-ural 1, P2 - preural centrum 2, PH+H1+H2 - fused parhypural -hypural 1- hypural 2, UN - uroneural.

Fig. 1. Listrura camposi, MZUSP 95189, 46.4 in Rediscovery, taxonomic and conservation status of the threatened catfish Listrura camposi (Miranda-Ribeiro) (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)

Fig. 1. Listrura camposi, MZUSP 95189, 46.4 mm SL, live specimen; Brazil, São Paulo State, município de Pedro de Toledo. Photo by Cristiano Moreira.

Fig. 2 in Rediscovery, taxonomic and conservation status of the threatened catfish Listrura camposi (Miranda-Ribeiro) (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)

Fig. 2. Head detail of Listrura camposi, MZUSP 95189, 46.4 mm SL in (a) dorsal and (b) ventral views.

Fig. 7 in Rediscovery, taxonomic and conservation status of the threatened catfish Listrura camposi (Miranda-Ribeiro) (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)

Fig. 7. Photograph of small stream tributary to rio Itariri, itself tributary to rio Juquiá, rio Ribeira de Iguape basin, 24°15'06.4"S 47º14'53.3"W, locality of the newly-discovered population of Listrura camposi.

FIGURE 25 in Systematic revision of the Neotropical catfish genus Scleronema (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), with descriptions of six new species from Pampa grasslands

FIGURE 25 | Original drawings published by Eigenmann (1918): A. lateral view of the holotype of Scleronema operculatum, FMNH 58080, (plate 44; fig. 1); B. neurocranium, suspensorium, opercular apparatus, and inferior jaw from dorsal view of one paratype of S. operculatum, FMNH 58520, (p. 282; fig. 2d–e); C. part of the distribution map (modified from original drawing) showing the occurrence area of Scleronema (dashed square) at that time (plate 36).

FIGURE 16 in Systematic revision of the Neotropical catfish genus Scleronema (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), with descriptions of six new species from Pampa grasslands

FIGURE 16 | Scleronema minutum, lectotype of Trichomycterus minutus (BMNH 1891.3.16.84; 32.4 mm SL), Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, São Lourenço do Sul, stream tributary to laguna dos Patos. Photograph taken by Sandra Raredon.

FIGURE 13 in Systematic revision of the Neotropical catfish genus Scleronema (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), with descriptions of six new species from Pampa grasslands

FIGURE 13 | Small specimens of A. Scleronema mate, new species, paratype (UFRGS 17616; 34.3 mm SL) and B. S. teiniagua, new species, paratype (LIRP 16776; 29.3 mm SL).

FIGURE 9 in Systematic revision of the Neotropical catfish genus Scleronema (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), with descriptions of six new species from Pampa grasslands

FIGURE 9 | Scleronema macanuda, new species, holotype (MCN 20230; 71.8 mm SL), Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul Sentinela do Sul, irrigation water channel draining to arroio Velhaco, laguna dos Patos system.

FIGURE 6 in Systematic revision of the Neotropical catfish genus Scleronema (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), with descriptions of six new species from Pampa grasslands

FIGURE 6 | Scleronema guapa just after the fixation in formalin, holotype (UFRGS 23500; 36.4 mm SL), Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul State, Rosário do Sul, sanga Santo Antônio, tributary to rio Ibicuí da Armada, lower rio Uruguay.

FIGURE 5 in Systematic revision of the Neotropical catfish genus Scleronema (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae), with descriptions of six new species from Pampa grasslands

FIGURE 5 | Dorsal view of the head of A. Scleronema mate, new species, paratype (UFRGS 17418; 34.9 mm SL), B. S. ibirapuita, new species, paratype (UFRGS 27402; 49.4 mm SL), C. S. milonga, new species, paratype (LIRP 16775; 35.3 mm SL), and D. S. minutum (UFRGS 19651; 46.4 mm SL) showing the pores of the laterosensory system. "Ap" = additional pore.