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182 results for “Tropical Cyclones”
Spring tropical cyclones modulate near-surface isotopic compositions of atmospheric water vapour at Kathmandu, Nepal
<p>All these data have been published in a ACP paper. If you use these data in any conditions, please cite the following publicaiton: Adhikari, N., Gao, J., Zhao, A., Xu, T., Chen, M., Niu, X., and Yao, T.: Spring tropical cyclones modulate near-surface isotopic compositions of atmospheric water vapour at Kathmandu, Nepal, EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2186, 2023.</p>
Dependence of tropical cyclone weakening rate in response to an imposed moderate environmental vertical wind shear on the warm-core strength and height of the initial vortex
<p>This study investigated the dependence of the early tropical cyclone (TC) weakening rate in response to an imposed moderate environmental vertical wind shear (VWS) on the warm-core strength and height of the TC vortex using idealized numerical simulations. Results show that the weakening of the warm core by upper-level ventilation is the primary factor leading to the early TC weakening in response to an imposed environmental VWS. The upper-level ventilation is dominated by eddy radial advection of the warm-core air. The TC weakening rate is roughly proportional to the warm-core strength and height of the initial TC vortex. The boundary-layer ventilation shows no relationship with the early weakening rate of the TC in response to an imposed moderate VWS. The findings suggest that some previous diverse results regarding the TC weakening in environmental VWS could be partly due to the different warm-core strengths and heights of the initial TC vortex.</p>
Data and models for "Center-fixing of tropical cyclones using uncertainty-aware deep learning applied to high-temporal-resolution geostationary satellite imagery" by Lagerquist et al.
<p><span><span><span>The file geocenter_models.tar contains all models comprising the GeoCenter ensemble: 3 convolutional neural networks (CNN), 3 isotonic-regression files (one for correcting each CNN’s mean estimate), and 3 more isotonic-regression files (one for correcting each CNN’s ensemble spread). Every model is found in a subdirectory whose names indicate which infrared (IR) wavelengths are used as input to the CNN. For example:</span></span></span></p> <ul> <li> <p><span><span><span>wavelengths-microns=3.900-7.340-13.300/model.weights.h5: An HDF5 file containing the trained CNN that uses data from bands 7, 10, 16 (corresponding to 3.9, 7.34, and 13.3 microns on the GOES ABI imager). The trained CNN can always be read by neural_net_utils.read_model() in the ml4tccf library (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15116854).</span></span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span><span><span>wavelengths-microns=3.900-7.340-13.300/model_metadata.p: A Pickle file containing metadata for the trained CNN. This file is needed to read the CNN itself with neural_net_utils.read_model(). Otherwise, you will probably never need to access this metafile directly.</span></span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span><span><span>wavelengths-microns=3.900-7.340-13.300/isotonic_regression/isotonic_regression.dill: A Dill file </span></span></span><span><span><span>containing isotonic-regression models used to bias-correct the ensemble mean from the same CNN. </span></span></span><span><span><span> The trained isotonic-regression models can always be read by scalar_isotonic_regression.read_file() in the ml4tccf library. Note that there are technically two isotonic-regression models for every CNN’</span></span></span><span><span><span>s ensemble mean</span></span></span><span><span><span>: one that bias-corrects the </span></span></span><em><span><span><span>x</span></span></span></em><span><span><span>-coordinate of the TC-center, another that bias-corrects the </span></span></span><em><span><span><span>y</span></span></span></em><span><span><span>-coordinate.</span></span></span></p> </li> <li> <p><span><span><span>wavelengths-microns=3.900-7.340-13.300/</span></span></span><span><span><span>uncertainty_calibration</span></span></span><span><span><span>/</span></span></span><span><span><span>uncertainty_calibration.dill: A Dill file containing isotonic-regression models used to bias-correct the ensemble spread from the same CNN. In the ml4tccf code, I make a distinction between “isotonic_regression” (correcting the ensemble mean) and “uncertainty_calibration” (correcting the ensemble spread), but note that both models are isotonic regression and use the sklearn.isotonic.IsotonicRegression class. The trained uncertainty-calibration models can always be read by scalar_uncertainty_calibration.read_file() in the ml4tccf library. Again, note that there are technically two uncertainty-calibration models per CNN: one for spread in the </span></span></span><span><span><span><em>x</em></span></span></span><span><span><span>-coordinate, one for spread in the </span></span></span><span><span><span><em>y</em></span></span></span><span><span><span>-coordinate.</span></span></span></p> </li> </ul> <p><span> </span></p> <p><span><span><span>As mentioned above, every trained CNN can be read by neural_net_utils.read_model(). Also, every trained CNN can be applied to new data (inference mode) by neural_net_utils.apply_model(). The input argument model_object should be the object returned by neural_net_utils.read_model(), and I suggest setting num_examples_per_batch = 10 to avoid out-of-memory errors. The only other input argument is predictor_matrices, which is a list of two numpy arrays. The first numpy array contains IR imagery centered at the first-guess TC center, and the second numpy array contains ATCF scalars. The first numpy array should have dimensions S (number of TC samples) x </span></span></span><span><span><span>3</span></span></span><span><span><span>00 (grid rows) x </span></span></span><span><span><span>3</span></span></span><span><span><span>00 (grid columns) x </span></span></span><span><span><span>9</span></span></span><span><span><span> (lag times) x 3 (wavelengths). Lag times should be in the following order: </span></span></span><span><span><span>240, 210, </span></span></span><span><span><span>180, 150, 120, 90, 60, 30, 0 min ago. Wavelengths should be in the order indicated by the subdirectory name. The numpy array itself should contain </span></span></span><em><span><span><span>normalized</span></span></span></em><span><span><span> brightness temperatures at the given lag times and wavelengths, following the grid specifications laid out in the journal paper (a </span></span></span><em><span><span><span>plate carrée</span></span></span></em><span><span><span> grid with 2-km spacing). The original IR data (brightness temperatures) must be normalized to </span></span></span><em><span><span><span>z</span></span></span></em><span><span><span>-scores using the same normalization parameters as in the journal paper, </span></span></span><em><span><span><span>i.e.,</span></span></span></em><span><span><span> those based on the training data. See details below. The second numpy array in predictor_matrices should have dimensions S (number of TC samples) x 9 (variables). The variables must in the order: absolute latitude, cosine of longitude, sine of longitude, TC intensity, minimum central pressure, tropical flag, subtropical flag, extratropical flag, disturbance flag. The journal paper contains details on all these variables in one table. These variables must come from A-deck files at the </span></span></span><span><span><span>second-</span></span></span><span><span><span>most recent synoptic time. Like the IR data, these ATCF scalars must be normalized to </span></span></span><em><span><span><span>z</span></span></span></em><span><span><span>-scores using the same normalization parameters as in the journal paper. See details below.</span></span></span></p> <p> </p> <p><span><span><span>Once you have predictions (estimated TC-center locations) from a CNN, you can bias-correct these predictions. To read the isotonic-regression model for the given CNN’s ensemble mean, use scalar_isotonic_regression.read_file() in the ml4tccf library. To apply the same model, use scalar_isotonic_regression.apply_models(). For the CNN’s ensemble spread, use scalar_uncertainty_calibration.read_file() and scalar_uncertainty_calibration.apply_models().</span></span></span></p> <p> </p> <p><span><span><span>To normalize the IR data, you will need the file ir_satellite_normalization_params.tar included with this dataset. Within the tar file is a single zarr file. You can read the zarr file with normalization.read_file() in the ml4tccf library; then you can normalize new data with normalization.normalize_data().</span></span></span></p> <p> </p> <p><span><span><span>To normalize the ATCF data, you will need the file a_deck_normalization_params.nc included with this dataset. This is a NetCDF file, containing the full set of training values for all 5 ATCF variables that are normalized (the binary storm-type flags are not normalized). You can read this file using any of the standard Python methods for reading NetCDF files, such as xarray.open_dataset(). To normalize new ATCF data, you can use the method normalization._normalize_one_variable(), where the argument actual_values_training is the list of training values from a_deck_normalization_params.nc for the given variable, while actual_values_new is the list of values to be normalized (currently in physical units, to be converted to </span></span></span><em><span><span><span>z</span></span></span></em><span><span><span>-score units).</span></span></span></p>
Tropical Cyclone Characteristics Represented by the Ocean Wave Coupled Atmospheric Global Climate Model Incorporating Wave-Dependent Momentum Flux
<p>This is dataset of global climate model simulation used in the paper "Tropical Cyclone Characteristics Represented by the Ocean Wave Coupled Atmospheric Global Climate Model Incorporating Wave-Dependent Momentum Flux" by Shimura et al. (2021)</p> <p>Followings are the explanation of data file.</p> <p>*** File naming rule ***<br> {data_group_name}_Exp{experiment_name}_TCnumber{tropical_cyclone_case_number}.nc</p> <p> data_group_name<br> - atm<br> - track</p> <p> experiment_name<br> - Wind<br> - Wave<br> - SlabO</p> <p> tropical_cyclone_case_number<br> - 001<br> - 002<br> ...<br> - 099<br> - 100</p> <p>*** Description on each data group ***<br> <br> atm: three dimentional atmospheric velocity data<br> - level: pressure levels for vertical atmospheric data<br> - longitude: Longitude<br> - latitude: Latitude<br> - velocity_u_component: averaged atmospheric eastward velocity</p> <p> track: data around tropical cyclone track<br> - time: UTC time (YYYYMMDDHH)<br> - longitude_center: Longitude of typhoon center<br> - latitude_center: Latitude of typhoon center<br> - central_pressure: typhoon central pressure<br> - maximum_surface_wind: typhoon maximum surface wind speed<br> - longitude_sfc: Longitude for surface data around typhoon center<br> - latitude_sfc: Latitude for surface data around typhoon center<br> - surface_wind_u_component: surface eastward wind around typhoon<br> - surface_wind_v_component: surface northward wind around typhoon<br> - sea_level_pressure: sea level pressure around typhoon<br> - latent_heat_flux: surface upward latent heat flux<br> - sensible_heat_flux: surface upward sensible heat flux<br> - time_atm: UTC time (YYYYMMDDHH) for atmospheric data<br> - level: pressure levels for atmospheric data<br> - longitude_atm: Longitude for atmospheric data around typhoon center<br> - latitude_atm: Latitude for atmospheric data around typhoon center<br> - velocity_u_component: 3d eastward velocity around typhoon<br> - velocity_v_component: 3d northward velocity around typhoon</p> <p> </p>
Tree dynamic response and survival in a category-5 tropical cyclone: The case of super typhoon Trami
In the future with climate change, we expect more forest and tree damage due to the increasing strength and changing trajectories of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, to date, we have limited information to estimate likely damage levels, and nobody has ever measured exactly how forest trees behave mechanically during a TC. In 2018, a category-5 TC destroyed trees in our ongoing research plots, in which we were measuring tree movement and wind speed in two different tree spacing plots. We found damaged trees in only the wider spaced plot. Here, we present how trees dynamically respond to strong winds during a TC. Sustained strong winds obviously trigger the damage to trees and forests but inter-tree spacing is also a key factor because the level of support from neighboring trees modifies the effective "stiffness" against the wind both at the single tree and whole forest stand level.
Bifurcation points for tropical cyclone genesis in sheared and dry environments - simulation data
<p>Key information to reproduce the idealized WRF ensemble simulations used for tropical cyclone genesis </p>
Driving Forces of Extreme Updrafts Associated with Convective Bursts in the Eyewall of a Simulated Tropical Cyclone
<p>The model-simulated data used in this study are uploaded here. Due to the large number, the original simulation data are available on request (qnn_nancy@yahoo.com).</p>
Bottom-reached Near-inertial Waves Induced by the Tropical Cyclones, Conson and Mindulle, in the South China Sea
<p>This dataset contains the near-inertial velocity data observed by the mooring at 110.4°E, 17.1°N. It is supplementary to the paper "<strong>Bottom-reached Near-inertial Waves Induced by the Tropical Cyclones, Conson and Mindulle, in the South China Sea</strong>" submitted to the <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</em>. </p>
Classification of tropical cyclone containing images using a convolutional neural network: performance and sensitivity to the learning dataset
<p>NXTensor extraction library, experiment code, tropical cyclone and background images and their metadata generated from the meterological reanalysis ERA5 and MERRA-2 according to the HURDAT2 cyclone tracks.</p> <p>Version specifications:</p> <ul> <li>NXTensor: v0.3.3.10</li> <li>Experiment code: v2.0.3</li> <li>Image sets: v1</li> </ul> <p> </p>
Dataset to adjusted spectral correction method for calculating extreme winds in tropical cyclone affected water areas
<p>This is a dataset of the 50-year wind of an effective temporal resolution of 10 min over three areas with the presence of tropical cyclones at 10 m, 50 m, 100 m and 150 m.</p> <p>There are 18 files in total, with 12 files for the 50-year winds:</p> <p>'XXcfsru50atYYmcorr_revision.dat'</p> <p>and 6 files for the corresponding latitudes and longitudes:</p> <p>'TC_XX_lat.dat' and 'TC_XX_lon.dat'</p> <p>The three areas are indexed as E1, W1, W2 (as in the file names 'XX').</p> <p>The heights are 10 m, 50 m, 100 m and 150 m (as in the filenames 'YY').</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
TCRIP-MIM: Rapid Intensification Prediction for Tropical Cyclone by Combining Memory In Memory Network with Sequential Satellite Images
<p>This is the official repository for the paper TCRIP-MIM: Rapid Intensification Prediction for Tropical Cyclone by Combining Memory In Memory Network with Sequential Satellite Images. We use the publicly available dataset from Taiwan University (Bai et al., 2019) as experimental data, consisting of four channels of TC satellite images with a temporal resolution of 3 hours, whose preprocessing method is also publicly available. We use infrared and passive microwave TC satellite image sequences for our experiments, each divided into 24-hour segments (8 infrared and 8 passive microwave satellite images, 16 in total), preprocessing and enhancing data as noted above, so there is no experimental error due to different data preprocessing methods. In this study, the 2003–2017 TC dataset from various global basins was divided into training (1097 TCs, 43528 events), validation (188 TCs, 7884 events), and test sets (94 TCs, 3196 events).</p>
Material for manuscript submitted to Earth and Space Science "Evaluation of a mesoscale coupled ocean-atmosphere configuration for tropical cyclone forecasting in the South West Indian Ocean basin"
<p>Configuration files for AROME Indian Ocean, NEMO and OASIS which are necessary to reproduce the results in the publication :</p> <p>Corale, L; Malardel S. , Bielli S. and M-N Bouin (2022) Evaluation of a mesoscale coupled ocean-atmosphere configuration for tropical cyclone forecasting in the South West Indian Ocean basin. <em>Earth and Space Science.</em></p>
A Numerical Study of Tropical Cyclone and Ocean Responses to Air-sea Momentum Flux at High Winds
<p>The simulation data output from FIO-AOW for tropical cyclone study</p>
Data for "Examining outer band supercell environments in landfalling tropical cyclones using ground-based radar analyses" v3
<p>The data here are archived for open data access for the publication entitled "Examining outer band supercell environments in landfalling tropical cyclones using ground-based radar analyses" submitted to <em>Monthly Weather Review</em>.</p> <p>Radar data are archived in netCDF format in which variables are identified by their radar moment. The radar data are separated by SR1 and KLCH for Hurricane Laura. For Hurricane Frances, the relevant SR data are contained in the frances_sr_data.tar.gz file.</p> <p>The csv archive contains the track information for objectively identified supercell storms from the manuscript.</p> <p>Questions about the data may be directed to addison.alford@noaa.gov.</p>
Data for Tropical Cyclones flood hazards and impacts in Beira for study "Exploring coastal climate adaptation through storylines: Insights from Cyclone Idai in Beira, Mozambique"
<p>Data for Tropical Cyclones flood hazards and impacts in Beira for study "Exploring coastal climate adaptation through storylines: Insights from Cyclone Idai in Beira, Mozambique"<br><br><span><a href="../api/records/12664900/draft/files/hmax_idai_ifs_rebuild_bc_hist_rain_surge_noadapt.tiff/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">hmax_idai_ifs_rebuild*</a> -> Flood maps<br><a href="../api/records/12664900/draft/files/spatial_idai_ifs_rebuild_bc_3c-hightide_rain_surge_retreat.gpkg/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">spatial_idai_ifs_rebuild*</a> -> Impacts<br></span></p>
Response of a fringing reef coastline to the direct impact of a tropical cyclone
<p>The data contains observations from the impact of Tropical Cyclone Olwyn to northwest Western Australia in March 2015. A cross-shore array of 5 pressure sensors were deployed to measure wave heights and water levels at Point Jurabi (~5 km north of Tantabiddi), Ningaloo Reef; beach morphology was measured pre- and post-cyclone using RTK-DGPS; and a two-way coupled model was developed using Delft3D and SWAN. </p> <p> </p> <p>The data sets contains the raw pressure sensor measurements (.rsk), beach morphology grids (.txt), and model input/output files. Please see the 'Cuttler_etal_2017_Metadata.pdf', 'ReadMe.txt' file or contact michael.cuttler@uwa.edu.au for further information</p>
The Diurnal Cycle of Integrated Kinetic Energy and Wind Radii in a Simulated Tropical Cyclone
<p>Model source code and output of a 340-day-long Cloud Model 1 simulation of a tropical cyclone and associated post-processing scripts.</p>
Tropical sand cays as natural paleo-cyclone archives
<p>Sand cays are valuable paleo-archives that can significantly increase our understanding of Holocene tropical cyclone variability. Here we conducted detailed sedimentological and chronological analyses from a 195-cm-depth pit excavated on Guangjin Island (northern South China Sea), a cay influenced by frequent tropical cyclones. Radiometric dating of multiple deposits revealed that foraminifera, soft coral spicules, and gastropod shells yielded variable age distributions, while U/Th ages of pristine <em>Acropora</em>branches provided a clear record of deposition and cay formation. Based on this robust chronostratigraphy, the proportions of > 2mm grain-size fraction within the deposits corresponded with the frequency of paleo-typhoons recorded by historical records in recent centuries. U/Th ages of <em>Acropora </em>branches from the deposits matched with three known historical typhoon events. Our results highlight the potential of cyclone-deposited sand cays as new archives for recording paleo-cyclones.</p>
Effects of surface fluxes on the moist potential vorticity distribution in the tropical cyclone boundary layer
<p>Hourly model outputs (t=150-240 hrs) from five axisymmetric simulations of tropical cyclones are provided as follows :</p> <ol> <li>cm1_test40_ver2 (referred to as CONTROL in the manuscript)</li> <li>cm1_test41_ver2 (referred to as H2.0 in the manuscript)</li> <li>cm1_test42_ver2 (referred to as H0.5 in the manuscript)</li> <li>cm1_test43_ver2 (referred to as M2.0 in the manuscript)</li> <li>cm1_test44_ver2 (referred to as M0.5 in the manuscript)</li> </ol> <p>Model outputs from the 3D simulation are interpolated to cylindrical coordinates and saved individually for each variable in binary format, and these are provided for t=150-240 hrs as follows:</p> <ol> <li>cm1_test13_ver2 (referred to as 3D-TC in the manuscript)</li> </ol> <p>Jupyter notebooks are also provided to read and analyze processed outputs from the datasets described above and plot the figures included in the manuscript. The datasets used in "<em>figure_05.ipynb</em>", "<em>figure_06.ipynb</em>", and "<em>figure_07.ipynb</em>" are large and can be made available by the authors upon request.</p>
Global tropical cyclone size and intensity reconstruction dataset for 1959–2022 based on IBTrACS and ERA5 data
<p>A global long-term tropical cyclone (TC) size and intensity reconstruction dataset is generated, covering a time period from 1959 to 2022, with a 3-hour temporal resolution. The machine learning model was established by taking ERA5-derived 10 m azimuthal mean azimuthal wind profiles in six basins for which TCs were generated as input, while the maximum sustained wind speed and radius of maximum wind from the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS) was used as the learning target. An empirical wind–pressure relationship and six wind profile models were employed to estimate the minimum central pressure and outer sizes (radial distances from the cyclone center to locations where sustained wind speeds of 34, 50 and 64 knots are observed on surface) of the TCs, respectively. Compared to the IBTrACS dataset, the reconsturction dataset contains approximately 3–4 times more data points per characteristic.</p> <p>Over all, this dataset is in terms of both coverage and good accuracy.</p>
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