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FIGURE 1 in Insights into vertebral band pair deposition rate in the juvenile common thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus) in the northeastern Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 1 Tag and recapture locations for Alopias vulpinus whose vertebrae were used in this study (n = 14), Southern California Bight.
FIGURE 2 in Insights into vertebral band pair deposition rate in the juvenile common thresher shark (Alopias vulpinus) in the northeastern Pacific Ocean
FIGURE 2 Vertebral preparation: (a) standard anatomical planes of a fish; (b) oxytetracycline (OTC) mark fluorescing under UV light; section is cut along the green line (frontal plane); and (c) pin placement with UV light. Image A is adapted from an image in Wilson et al. (1983).
Fig. 8 in New fossil remains from the Pliocene Koetoi Formation of northern Japan provide insights into growth rates and the vertebral evolution of porpoises
Fig. 8. Comparison of centrum length/centrum height across Phocoenidae. A. Extinct species: Numataphocoena yamashitai, NFL 7, NMV-5; Pterophocaena nishinoi, NMV-7; Piscolithax longirostris, MNHN SAS 940. B. Extant species: Neophocaena phocaenoides, NMNS M 21382; Phocoenoides dalli, NMNS M 21382; Phocoena phocoena, NMNS M 27393; Phocoena dioptrica, USNM 571486; Phocoena spinipinnis, USNM 550782; Phocoena sinus, NHMUK 69678 (from Noble and Fraser 1971).
Fig. 7. Vertebral character trait evolution across phocoenids and related delphinoids. A. Character 2, thoracic vertebral counts. B. Character 8 in New fossil remains from the Pliocene Koetoi Formation of northern Japan provide insights into growth rates and the vertebral evolution of porpoises
Fig. 7. Vertebral character trait evolution across phocoenids and related delphinoids. A. Character 2, thoracic vertebral counts. B. Character 8, ratio of centrum length/centrum height of lumbar vertebrae. C. Character 12, height of neural spine. D. Character 14, regional anterior inclination of neural arches. See Table 2 for detailed character descriptions.
Fig. 5 in New fossil remains from the Pliocene Koetoi Formation of northern Japan provide insights into growth rates and the vertebral evolution of porpoises
Fig. 5. The phylogeny and vertebral morphology of Phocoenidae. The phylogenetic analysis is based on the data matrix of Murakami et al. (2012b), excluding character 220, 221, 222, 224, and 227. Quotations added to taxa which are paraphyly or polyphyly in the present cladistic analysis.
Fig. 4 in New fossil remains from the Pliocene Koetoi Formation of northern Japan provide insights into growth rates and the vertebral evolution of porpoises
Fig. 4. Vertebrae (A–E) and ribs (F, G) of the porpoise Phocoenidae gen. et sp. indet., NMV-5, early Pliocene of Teshio, Hokkaido, Japan. Cervical (1–7), thoracic (1, 3, 5, 7, X, XX, XXX, last-1, last), and lumbar vertebrae (1–3) in lateral (A) and dorsal (B) views; atlas (C), axis (D), first lumbar (E), left rib fragment (F), and anterior to central right ribs (G) in anterior view.
Fig. 2 in New fossil remains from the Pliocene Koetoi Formation of northern Japan provide insights into growth rates and the vertebral evolution of porpoises
Fig. 2. The rostrum (A–D) and mandible (E, F) of the porpoise Phocoenidae gen. et sp. indet., NMV-5, early Pliocene of Teshio, Hokkaido, Japan; in dorsal (A, F), lateral (B, E), ventral (C), and anterior (D) views.
Fig. 3 in New fossil remains from the Pliocene Koetoi Formation of northern Japan provide insights into growth rates and the vertebral evolution of porpoises
Fig. 3. Isolated teeth of the porpoise Phocoenidae gen. et sp. indet., NMV-5, early Pliocene of Teshio, Hokkaido, Japan; in buccal view (A, B); longitudinal cross section of B (C); cross section from C stained with Mayer's haematoxylin (D). GLG, growth layer group.
Fig. 1 in New fossil remains from the Pliocene Koetoi Formation of northern Japan provide insights into growth rates and the vertebral evolution of porpoises
Fig. 1. The locality of a small porpoise NMV-5. A. The Japanese islands. B. The locality of NMV-5. C. Detailed locality of NMV-5 near the Teshionakagawa area.
Fig. 6 in New fossil remains from the Pliocene Koetoi Formation of northern Japan provide insights into growth rates and the vertebral evolution of porpoises
Fig. 6. Comparisons of the vertebral column of living and extinct phocoenids in lateral view. A. Pterophocaena nishinoi Murakami, Shimada, Hikida, and Hirano, 2012a, late Miocene of Hokkaido, Japan, NMV-7. B. Numataphocoena yamashitai Ichishima and Kimura, 2000, early Pliocene of Hokkaido, Japan, NFL 7. C. Piscolithax aenigmaticus Pilleri and Siber, 1989, late Miocene of Aguada de Lomas of Peru, SMNK-PAL 6660. D. Piscolithax longirostris Muizon, 1983, late Miocene of Sud-Sacaco, → Peru, MNHN SAS 934. E. Neophocaena phocaenoides Cuvier, 1829, Holocene of Japan?, NMNS M 24659. F. Phocoena sinus Norris and McFarland, 1958, Holocene of Baja California, Mexico, LACM 28259. G. Phocoena spinipinnis Burmeister, 1865, Holocene of Peru, USNM 550782. H. Phocoena dioptrica Lahille, 1912, Holocene of Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, LACM 86042. I. Phocoena phocoena Linnaeus, 1758, Holocene of Hokkaido, Japan, NMNS M 27393. J. Phocoenoides dalli True, 1885, Holocene of Iwate, Japan, NMNS M 21382. Not to scale.
TABLE 1 in Skeletal reconstruction of fossil vertebrates as a process of hypothesis testing and a source of anatomical and palaeobiological inferences
<p>TABLE 1. — Ratio of the length of phalanx I-1 to the length of metatarsal I in several ceratopsids. Length measurements were made from images with metatarsal I and phalanx I-1 in the same focal plane, using ImageJ (Schneider <i>et al.</i> 2012). The median ratio was used to determine that the expected length of phalanx I-1 for UALVP 42 was approximately 88.45% the length of phalanx I-1 in UALVP 16248. The digital model was scaled accordingly for the reconstruction.</p><table><thead><tr><th><b>Specimen</b></th><th><b>Taxon</b></th><th><b>Ratio</b></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th>AMNH 5351 cast (right foot)</th><td><i>Centrosaurus apertus</i> (Lambe, 1905)</td><td>1.021</td></tr><tr><th>CMN 8547</th><td>Indeterminate chasmosaurine</td><td>0.986</td></tr><tr><th>TMP 2002.076.0001</th><td>Indeterminate pachyrinosaurin</td><td>0.893</td></tr><tr><th>CMN 41357</th><td><i>Vagaceratops irvinensis</i> (Holmes Holmes, Forster, Ryan & Shepherd, 2001)</td><td>0.885</td></tr><tr><th>TMP 1989.097.0001</th><td><i>Styracosaurus albertensis</i> Lambe, 1913</td><td>0.883</td></tr><tr><th>AMNH 5351 cast (left foot)</th><td><i>Centrosaurus apertus</i></td><td>0.859</td></tr><tr><th>Median</th><td>–</td><td>0.889</td></tr></tbody></table>
nal; E', F', internal, G'-J', Pal. 1341 (peripheral 8); G', H', external; I', J', internal; K'-N', Pal. 1343 (peripheral 9); K', L', external; M', N', internal; O'-R', Pal. 1345 (peripheral 10); O', P', external; Q', R', internal; S'-V', Pal. 1348 (peripheral 11); S', T', external; U', V', internal views; W', reconstruction of carapace Thick lines correspond to scute sulci, dotted lines denote plate sutures, and oblique lines indicate missing plate portions. Abbreviations: Ce, cervical; co, costal; Ma, marginal; ne, neural; nu, nuchal; per, peripheral; Pl, pleural; py, pygal; sp, suprapygal; Spr, supracaudal; Ve, vertebral. Scale bars: A-V', 1 cm; W', 2.5 cm. in Fossil turtles from the early Miocene localities of Mokrá-Quarry (Burdigalian, MN4), South Moravian Region, Czech Republic
nal; E', F', internal, G'-J', Pal. 1341 (peripheral 8); G', H', external; I', J', internal; K'-N', Pal. 1343 (peripheral 9); K', L', external; M', N', internal; O'-R', Pal. 1345 (peripheral 10); O', P', external; Q', R', internal; S'-V', Pal. 1348 (peripheral 11); S', T', external; U', V', internal views; W', reconstruction of carapace Thick lines correspond to scute sulci, dotted lines denote plate sutures, and oblique lines indicate missing plate portions. Abbreviations: Ce, cervical; co, costal; Ma, marginal; ne, neural; nu, nuchal; per, peripheral; Pl, pleural; py, pygal; sp, suprapygal; Spr, supracaudal; Ve, vertebral. Scale bars: A-V', 1 cm; W', 2.5 cm.
sal; W, visceral; X-Z, Pal. 1308 (costal 5); X, Y, dorsal; Z, visceral; A'-C', Pal. 1309 (costal 6); A', B', dorsal; C', visceral; D'-F', Pal. 1310 (costal 8); D', E', dorsal; F', visceral; G'-J', Pal. 1312 (peripheral 1); G', H', dorsal; I', J', visceral; K'-N', Pal. 1313 (peripheral 7); K', L', dorsal; M', N', visceral; O'-R', Pal. 1314 (peripheral 8); O', P', dorsal; Q', R', visceral views; S', reconstruction of carapace. Thick lines indicate to scute sulci, dotted lines sutures and oblique lines denote missing plate portions. Abbreviations: Ce, cervical; co, costal; Ma, marginal; ne, neural; nu, nuchal; per, peripheral; Pl, pleural; py, pygal; sp, suprapygal; Ve, vertebral. Scale bars: 1 cm. in Fossil turtles from the early Miocene localities of Mokrá-Quarry (Burdigalian, MN4), South Moravian Region, Czech Republic
sal; W, visceral; X-Z, Pal. 1308 (costal 5); X, Y, dorsal; Z, visceral; A'-C', Pal. 1309 (costal 6); A', B', dorsal; C', visceral; D'-F', Pal. 1310 (costal 8); D', E', dorsal; F', visceral; G'-J', Pal. 1312 (peripheral 1); G', H', dorsal; I', J', visceral; K'-N', Pal. 1313 (peripheral 7); K', L', dorsal; M', N', visceral; O'-R', Pal. 1314 (peripheral 8); O', P', dorsal; Q', R', visceral views; S', reconstruction of carapace. Thick lines indicate to scute sulci, dotted lines sutures and oblique lines denote missing plate portions. Abbreviations: Ce, cervical; co, costal; Ma, marginal; ne, neural; nu, nuchal; per, peripheral; Pl, pleural; py, pygal; sp, suprapygal; Ve, vertebral. Scale bars: 1 cm.
FIG. 3 in Structural, functional, and physiological signals in ichthyosaur vertebral centrum microanatomy and histology
FIG. 3. — Classical sections of ichthyosaur vertebral centra illustrating the intraspecific size variation (interpolated as possible ontogenetic variation): A-D, Stenopterygius sp.; A, B, juvenile vertebra SMNS uncat.; C, D, adult vertebra SMNS uncat.; E-H, Ichthyosauria new taxon A, Middle Triassic, Nevada, LACM 8031; E, F, fetal vertebra LACM DI 158109; G, H, adult vertebra DI 158109; A, C, E, G, transverse (and half-transverse) sections; B, D, F, H, sagittal sections. Scale bars: 5 mm.
FIG. 2 in Structural, functional, and physiological signals in ichthyosaur vertebral centrum microanatomy and histology
FIG. 2. — Virtual (A, B) and classical (C-G) sections of ichthyosaur vertebral centra illustrating the microanatomical types 1 (A-E) and 2 (F, G): A, B, Grippioidea indet., Lower Triassic, Russia, NSM PV 23854; C, D, Grippioidea indet., Middle Triassic, Nevada, LACM uncat. Nevada; D, E, Mixosaurus sp. PIMUZ T 2004; F, Temnodontosaurus sp. half transverse section; G, Eurhinosaurus sp. SMNS 50913 sagittal section; A, C, F, transverse sections; B, D, E, G, sagittal (and half mid-sagittal) sections. Abbreviations: GC, growth center; ET, endochondral territory; PT, periosteal territory. Scale bars: 5 mm.
FIG. 5 in Structural, functional, and physiological signals in ichthyosaur vertebral centrum microanatomy and histology
FIG. 5. — Histological features of ichthyosaur vertebrae: A, Stenopterygius sp. SMNS uncat. Longitudinal section. Numerous Sharpey's fibers at the limit between the periosteal (left) and endochondral (right) territories in PL with gypsum filter; pointed by arrows; B, C, Temnodontosaurus sp. SMNS uncat. parasagittal section showing the compact deposits of parallel-fibered bone (blue) in the outer core of the vertebra and secondary bone (red) in its inner core in PL with gypsum filter (B) and NL (C); D, Temnodontosaurus sp. SMNS uncat. Transverse section showing on the right the layer of rather compact parallel-fibered bone lining the centrum core (NC, notochordal canal), whereas the rest of the centrum is spongious (left) in NL. Scale bars: A, 200 µm; B, D, 1 mm; C, 500 µm.
FIG. 1 in Structural, functional, and physiological signals in ichthyosaur vertebral centrum microanatomy and histology
FIG. 1. — Consensus phylogenetic tree of Ichthyopterygia including (in bold) the taxa sampled for this study; modified from Ji et al. (2016); with associated silhouettes (from McGowan & Motani 2003) and label of the microanatomical type encountered.
Fig. 1. Schindleria brevipinguis n in The World's Smallest Vertebrate, Schindleria brevipinguis, A New Paedomorphic Species in the Family Schindleriidae (Perciformes: Gobioidei)
Fig. 1. Schindleria brevipinguis n.sp. (A) Holotype, AMS I.23552-006 (8.4 mm, female), from vicinity of Carter Reef, Great Barrier Reef, Queensland, Australia; (B) paratype, AMS I.26323-003 (6.6 mm, male; note that branchiostegal area is somewhat damaged) from Carter Reef vicinity, Great Barrier Reef. Enlarged lateral (left) and ventral (right) views of urogenital papilla are shown below paratype. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Montana State University Vertebrate Museum Fish Collection
<p>The Montana State University Vertebrate Museum Collection (MTVC) houses an expansive fish collection, containing historic and contemporary specimens that have contributed to decades of teaching and research. From 2018 to 2022, Montana State University, funded by the Council on Library and Information Resources “Hidden Collections” grant, digitized fish specimens housed in the MTVC. This produced over 2900 metadata records detailing sampling localities, collecting dates, and identifications of fish collected mainly from Montana, USA. The metadata records reveal the efforts of over 150 collectors, spanning seven decades of sampling. This dataset makes available the information associated with 48,000 individual fish specimens from 102 species stored in the MTVC. Digitization of this collection accompanies the previously digitized Montana Prairie Fish Collection at Montana State University. Together, they provide a comprehensive insight into the distribution of fishes in Montana over time and across habitats.</p>
T a b l e 4 in Changes In The Trophic Structure Of The Vertebrate Predator Community In The Cold Season In Belarussian Paazerje (Northern Belarus) With Emphasis On Depopulation Of The Wild Boar, Sus Scrofa (Artiodactyla, Suida)
T a b l e 4. Dietary overlaps (the Morisita's index) between vertebrate predators in the cold season in coniferous-small-leaved forests of Belarussian Paazerje, Northern Belarus, upper right corner — before a depopulation of the Wild Boar (1982–2011), bottom left corner — aft er a large-scale depopulation of the Wild Boar (2013–2019)
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.