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2,214 results for “Walls”
Dataset: RC U-shaped walls subjected to in-plane, diagonal, and torsional loading: new experimental findings
<p>This dataset contains the processed experimental digital image correlation (DIC) technique data for two large-scale reinforced concrete U-shaped wall specimens tested at the Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics Laboratory (EESD Lab), École Polytechnique Féderale de Lausanne (EPFL) in Switzerland. The abstract for the corresponding journal paper, submitted to <em>Engineering Structures</em>, is given below.</p> <p>Although reinforced concrete U-shaped walls are popular in construction practice internationally, there is a paucity of experimental research investigating the seismic performance of such salient elements. The present paper summarizes an experimental campaign on two slender U-shaped reinforced concrete walls detailed with a single-layer of reinforcement. State-of-the-art instrumentation was used to capture the three-dimensional displacement field of the wall surfaces using digital image correlation techniques. Experimental findings are presented, including strain profiles, equivalent plastic hinge lengths, longitudinal strains at the base, cracking distributions and widths, and out-of-plane deformations. The longitudinal strain profiles showed a yielding region up the boundary ends of the flanges of approximately 800 mm to 1200 mm in length, depending on the direction of loading and at large drift levels. Approximately half of the yielding zone length was found to be equal to the equivalent plastic hinge lengths, which were found to decrease as a function of drift. The longitudinal strains at the base of these walls showed some shear lag effects when subjected to in-plane or diagonal loading. For most directions of loading, the largest crack widths were found to be associated with flexural-shear or shear cracks. When subjected to a pure torque, the vertical strain distribution at the base of the wall correlated with the theoretical distribution for an open section governed by warping torsion. The out-of-plane deformations were primarily concentrated within a small region towards the ends of the flanges prior to the local buckling failures that were observed experimentally.Although reinforced concrete U-shaped walls are popular in construction practice internationally, there is a paucity of experimental research investigating the seismic performance of such salient elements. The present paper summarizes an experimental campaign on two slender U-shaped reinforced concrete walls detailed with a single-layer of reinforcement. State-of-the-art instrumentation was used to capture the three-dimensional displacement field of the wall surfaces using digital image correlation techniques. Experimental findings are presented, including strain profiles, equivalent plastic hinge lengths, longitudinal strains at the base, cracking distributions and widths, and out-of-plane deformations. The longitudinal strain profiles showed a yielding region up the boundary ends of the flanges of approximately 800 mm to 1200 mm in length, depending on the direction of loading and at large drift levels. Approximately half of the yielding zone length was found to be equal to the equivalent plastic hinge lengths, which were found to decrease as a function of drift. The longitudinal strains at the base of these walls showed some shear lag effects when subjected to in-plane or diagonal loading. For most directions of loading, the largest crack widths were found to be associated with flexural-shear or shear cracks. When subjected to a pure torque, the vertical strain distribution at the base of the wall correlated with the theoretical distribution for an open section governed by warping torsion. The out-of-plane deformations were primarily concentrated within a small region towards the ends of the flanges prior to the local buckling failures that were observed experimentally.</p>
FIG. 31 in The early 8 century A.D. zoomorphic iconography of the wall decorations in Qasr al-Amra, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
FIG. 31. — Detail of the vault decoration of the Qasr al-Amra tepidarium illustrating an adult female of G. subgutturosa subgutturosa (photo by Fabio Vianello).
FIG. 32 in The early 8 century A.D. zoomorphic iconography of the wall decorations in Qasr al-Amra, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
FIG. 32. — This female of Persian gazelle is represented on the vault decoration of the Qasr al-Amra tepidarium while sniffing around (photo by Fabio Vianello).
FIG. 30 in The early 8 century A.D. zoomorphic iconography of the wall decorations in Qasr al-Amra, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
FIG. 30. — Detail of the bas-relief hunting scenes of the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal at Nineveh (c. 645 B.C.), in northern Iraq, showing a herd of G. subgutturosa subgutturosa (British Museum, London).
FIG. 15 in The early 8 century A.D. zoomorphic iconography of the wall decorations in Qasr al-Amra, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
FIG. 15. — Fragment of plate decorated in monochrome lustre. Mesopotamia or Egypt, 10th century A.D. (Florence, private collection).
FIG. 22 in The early 8 century A.D. zoomorphic iconography of the wall decorations in Qasr al-Amra, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
FIG. 22. — The artistic representation of a species of monkey on the tepidarium ceiling of Qasr al Amra seems to refer a subadult individual of hamadryas baboon, Papio hamadryas (Linnaeus, 1758), a species dispersed in the arid zone of the Red Sea coast of southern Saudi Arabia and eastern Africa (from Vibert-Guigue & Bisheh 2007).
FIG. 29 in The early 8 century A.D. zoomorphic iconography of the wall decorations in Qasr al-Amra, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
FIG. 29. — Adult male of Persian gazelle, Gazella subgutturosa subgutturosa (Gueldenstaedt, 1780), photographed in the eastern-most range of its Palaearctic distribution, the Turkish reserve of Ceylanpinar (Şanliurfa, eastern Anatolia) (photo by Marco Masseti).
FIG. 21 in The early 8 century A.D. zoomorphic iconography of the wall decorations in Qasr al-Amra, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
FIG. 21. — Brown bear depicted in a detail of the tepidarium vault of Qasr al Amra, while playing a kind of lute, possibly an oud (from Vibert-Guigue & Bisheh 2007).
FIG. 16 in The early 8 century A.D. zoomorphic iconography of the wall decorations in Qasr al-Amra, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
FIG. 16. — Tile in the shape of a star from Kashan (Iran), dated to the first half of the 14th century. The date of the year 738 after Hejri is indicated in the artefact (Florence, private collection).
FIG. 24 in The early 8 century A.D. zoomorphic iconography of the wall decorations in Qasr al-Amra, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
FIG. 24. — Known as a snake which become aggressive when disturbed, the black cobra, Walterinnesia aegyptia Lataste, 1887, appears to have been portrayed in such an attitude by the early 8th century painters of Qasr al-Amba (from Vibert-Guigue & Bisheh 2007).
FIG. 12 in The early 8 century A.D. zoomorphic iconography of the wall decorations in Qasr al-Amra, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
FIG. 12. — Endemic to the south-western Near East, the Arabian oryx, Oryx leucoryx (Pallas, 1777), has a whitish coat colour. Shaumari Wildlife Reserve, Jordan (photo by Marco Masseti).
FIG. 7 in The early 8 century A.D. zoomorphic iconography of the wall decorations in Qasr al-Amra, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
FIG. 7. — Art of the 7th-early 6th millennium B.C. in the arid zone. Detail of a painted fresco with wild equids, possibly onagers. Umm Dabaghiyah, Iraq (from Cauvin 2000). Scale bar: 5 cm.
FIG. 1 in The early 8 century A.D. zoomorphic iconography of the wall decorations in Qasr al-Amra, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
FIG. 1. — Geographical location of the medieval site of Qasr al-Amra, in eastern Jordan,and of the other Near Eastern archaeological sites mentioned in the text.
FIG. 8 in The early 8 century A.D. zoomorphic iconography of the wall decorations in Qasr al-Amra, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
FIG. 8. — Detail from the relief panels decorating the walls in the palace of Ashurbanipal (c. 645 B.C.) at Nineveh (British Museum).
FIG. 10 in The early 8 century A.D. zoomorphic iconography of the wall decorations in Qasr al-Amra, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
FIG. 10. — Silver dish with remains of gilding showing a Sassanid king, probably Bahram V (Bahram Gur), hunting lions. British Museum, London.
FIG. 27 in The early 8 century A.D. zoomorphic iconography of the wall decorations in Qasr al-Amra, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
FIG. 27. — Detail of the vault decoration of the Qasr al-Amra tepidarium illustrating a wild cat arching its back and ruffling its fur (from Vibert-Guigue & Bisheh 2007).
FIG. 2 in The early 8 century A.D. zoomorphic iconography of the wall decorations in Qasr al-Amra, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
FIG. 2. — The extant archaeological site of Qasr al-Amra is what remains of a larger complex that included an actual castle, of which only the foundations have survived.The part of the palace still standing today is a small rural property, used as royal retreat, and without any military function (photo by Marco Masseti).
FIG. 23 in The early 8 century A.D. zoomorphic iconography of the wall decorations in Qasr al-Amra, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
FIG. 23. — Skull of a subadult female of Arabian sacred baboon, Papio hamadryas arabicus (Thomas, 1900). This subspecies occurs in the mountainous south-western corner of the Arabian peninsula up to western Yemen, in particular near Aden (photo Saulo Bambi; courtesy of the Museo di Storia Naturale dell'Universita di Firenze, Sezione di Zoologia "La Specola").
FIG. 19 in The early 8 century A.D. zoomorphic iconography of the wall decorations in Qasr al-Amra, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
FIG. 19. — Syrian bear with its Egyptian trainer in a photograph by Zangaki dating to the second half of the 19th century (from Zannier 1999).
FIG. 9 in The early 8 century A.D. zoomorphic iconography of the wall decorations in Qasr al-Amra, Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
FIG. 9. — Page from the manuscript Manāfi al-Hayawān ("Uses of animals") by Abū Sa'īd 'Ubayd Allāh ibn Bakhtishū', conserved in the al-Sabah Collection of the Kuwait National Museum (LNS 59 MS).
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