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60 results for “Water balance”
Biocrust impacts on dryland soil water balance: A path towards the whole picture
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Data from: Geographic variation of body size in new world anurans: energy and water in a balance
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Data from: Physiological regulation and efficient xylem water transport regulate diurnal water and carbon balances of tropical lianas
Tropical lianas deploy most of their leaves towards the top of the forest canopy, whereas trees exhibit a more stratified crown. Forest canopies are often exposed to hot and windy conditions, and how lianas cope with the extremely high transpirational demands under these environments remains unknown. We investigated stem hydraulic properties, leaf drought tolerance, diurnal changes in leaf and stem water potentials (Ψleaf and Ψstem), stomatal conductance (gs), photosynthetic rate, sap flow and stem native percentage loss of conductivity (PLC) for four liana species in a tropical forest in southwest China. Five co-occurring tree species were also selected for comparison. Lianas reached maximal transpiration at a relatively lower vapour pressure deficit (<1 kPa) than did co-occurring trees, suggesting vigorous photosynthesis during the morning. However, liana gs declined markedly over the day, with low gs at midday and afternoon. Lianas generally had higher stem sapwood-specific conductivity and maximum sap flux density but were less tolerant to drought-induced cavitation than were evergreen trees. Both lianas and trees lost leaf turgor in the top canopy at midday, but lianas lost leaf turgor earlier (∼2 h) than trees. Seven of eight species exhibited midday increases in PLC when xylem tensions were released to −0·3 to −0·5 MPa for PLC measurements. On average, lianas experienced high PLC (35·9%), along with a greater degree of disequilibrium between leaf and stem water potentials than trees (ΔΨstem–leaf: 1·37 MPa vs. 0·75 MPa) during the day. Earlier stomatal closure and efficient water transport may help lianas maintain higher Ψstem than trees despite having similar Ψleaf. Our results provide evidence that physiological regulation and efficient water transport mediate daily water relations in tropical lianas and may explain how lianas operate efficiently in tropical seasonal forests. Further studies involving a broader range of species are needed to confirm our findings.
Data from: Fruit consumption in migratory passerines is limited by water ingestion rather than by body water balance
Many insectivorous passerines become frugivorous during migration. Because water may facilitate the digestion of dry fruits, some passerines may benefit from staging in stopover sites that offer access to drinking water. In autumn, water consumption by Blackcaps (Sylvia atricapilla) staging in Israel was found to induce a shift from insectivory to frugivory. We tested two alternative hypotheses concerning the mechanism facilitating consumption of the relatively dry fruits which are common in this region: (1) Water intake facilitates the passage of fruits within the digestive tract when these two resources are simultaneously ingested, and (2) improved body water balance allows the consumption and ingestion of large amounts of dry fruits. Blackcaps were subjected to five treatments that included temporal separation of water and fruit consumption, as well as subcutaneous water injection to maintain balanced body water in water-deprived birds. Fruit consumption rate was measured daily. We found that only simultaneous provisioning of water and fruit significantly increased fruit consumption rate, implying that drinking water directly improves fruit digestion within the digestive system. Furthermore, the fuel deposition rate increased with increased fruit consumption rate. These results emphasize the importance of water availability for the ecology and conservation of migrating passerines.
Data used in the paper 'Climate change impact on fresh water balance of quasi-closed lagoons on the North-Western Black Sea coast' by Tuchkovenko et al.
<p>Find description within each file.</p>
Data from: Physiological regulation and efficient xylem water transport regulate diurnal water and carbon balances of tropical lianas
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Data from: Fruit consumption in migratory passerines is limited by water ingestion rather than by body water balance
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Data from: Effects of anoxia on ATP, water, ion and pH balance in an insect (Locusta migratoria)
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LBA-ECO LC-14 Modeled Soil and Plant Water Balance, Amazon Basin, 1995-2001
A simple GIS soil-water balance model for the Amazon Basin, called RisQue (Risco de Queimadasa -- Fire Risk), was used to conduct an analysis of spatial and temporal patterns of drought in moist tropical forests and the complex relationships between patterns of drought and forest fire regimes from 1995 through 2001. The provided data products are the model output estimates of maximum plant-available soil water (PAWmax) at 10 m depth at 8 km resolution and model data inputs of monthly precipitation and evapotranspiration. RisQue estimates PAWmax at 10 m depth starting with a map of PAWmax (1-2 m depth) developed using 1,565 RADAMBRASIL soil texture profiles and empirical relationships between soil texture and critical soil water parameters and then interpolated to 8 km resolution. In RisQue, plant-available soil water (PAW) is depleted by monthly evapotranspiration estimated using the Penman Monteith equation and satellite-derived radiation and recharged by monthly precipitation.There are three data files with this data set, two *.zip, and one GeoTIFF image (.tif). The *.zip files expand to 83 *.asc files of evapotranspiration and 89 *.asc files for precipitation data. The image (.tif) is a map of maximum percent available water at 10 m depth. All the files in this data set are in standard arc/info asciigrid format at 8 km resolution.
LBA-ECO CD-06 Water Balance of the Ji-Parana River Basin, Brazil: 1995-1996
This data set provides simulated minimum, average, and maximum monthly rainfall, potential evapotranspiration, water deficit, and water surplus values for the Ji-Parana River basin, Rondonia, Brazil. The Thornthwaite-??Mather climatological model integrated into a Geographic Information System (GIS) was used to derive the data by utilizing Advanced Very High Resolution Radar (AVHRR) images for temperatures, rainfall amounts from gauges within and around the basin, soil profiles, and land cover maps as model inputs. The monthly water balance for the Ji-Parana river basin is simulated from February 1995 through December 1996 (Victoria et al., 2007). Data are also provided from the Ji-Parana subbasin stations for total basin rainfall, basin discharge and basin evapotranspiration. This data was used to check the results of the water balance model. There are 2 comma-delimited data files with this data set.
Consistent differences in tissue oxygen levels across 15 insect species reflect a balance between oxygen supply and demand and highlight a hitherto unknown adaptation for extracting sufficient oxygen from water
<p><span>Animals, including insects, need oxygen for aerobic respiration and eventually asphyxiate without it. Aerobic respiration, however, produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which contribute to dysfunction and aging. Animals appear to balance risks of asphyxiation and ROS by regulating internal oxygen to low but sufficient levels. How much do levels vary among species, and how does variation depend on environment and life history? We predicted that lower internal oxygen levels occur in insects with either limited access to environmental oxygen (i.e., insects dependent on aquatic respiration, where low internal levels facilitate diffusive oxygen uptake, and reduce asphyxiation risks) or consistently low metabolic rates (i.e., inactive insects, requiring limited internal oxygen stores). Alternatively, we predicted insects with long life-stage durations would have internal oxygen levels > 1 kPa (preventing high ROS levels that are believed to occur under tissue hypoxia). We tested these predictions by measuring partial pressures of oxygen (PO<sub>2</sub>) in tissues from juvenile and adult stages across 15 species comprising nine insect orders. Tissue PO<sub>2</sub> varied greatly (from 0 to 18.8 kPa) and variation across species and life stages was significantly related to differences in habitat, activity level, and life stage duration. Individuals with aquatic respiration sustained remarkably low PO<sub>2</sub> (mean = 0.88 kPa) across all species from Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Plecoptera (stoneflies), Trichoptera (caddisflies), and Diptera (true flies), possibly reflecting a widespread, but hitherto unknown, adaptation for extracting sufficient oxygen from water. For Odonata (dragonflies), aquatic juveniles had higher PO<sub>2</sub> levels (mean = 6.12 kPa), but these were still lower compared to terrestrial adults (mean = 13.3 kPa). Follow-up tests in juvenile stoneflies showed that tissue PO<sub>2</sub> remained low even when exposed to hyperoxia, suggesting that levels were down-regulated. This was further corroborated since levels could be modulated by ambient oxygen levels in dead individuals. In addition, tissue PO<sub>2</sub> was positively related to activity levels of insect life stages across all species and was highest in stages with short durations. Combined, our results support the idea that internal PO<sub>2</sub> is an evolutionarily labile trait that reflects the balance between oxygen supply and demand within the context of the environment and life-history of an insect.</span></p>
Study of the Effect of Elastic Compression (French Class III) on Water Balance Change in Healthy Subjects
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02825537. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Study of the Effect of an Elastic Compression Medical Device, on Water Balance Change in Healthy Subjects
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04911725. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
a Water Training Program to Improve Balance in Chronic Stroke Patients
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00564343. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
[SUMMER - Water_Balance - RM4]
<p><em>A dataset containing water balance data from Research Module 1, collected according to the innovative procedure described in Deliverable SUMMER-D7_Innovative Sensor (first Release)</em></p>
Monthly Historical Water Balance Products for the CONUS
This dataset provides daily historical Water Balance Model outputs from a Thornthwaite-type, single bucket model. Climate inputs to the model are from GridMet daily temperature and precipitation for the Continental United States (CONUS). The Water Balance Model output variables include the following: Potential Evapotranspiration (PET, mm), Actual Evapotranspiration (AET, mm), Moisture Deficit (Deficit, mm), Soil Water (soilwater, mm), Runoff (mm), Rain (mm), and Accumulated Snow Water Equivalent (accumswe, mm). The dataset covers the period from January 1 to December 31 for years 1980 through 2023 for the CONUS. Water Balance Model variables are provided as individual files, by variable and year, at a 1 km x 1 km spatial resolution and a daily temporal resolution. Data are in a North America Lambert Conformal Conic projection and are distributed in a standardized Climate and Forecast (CF)-compliant NetCDF file format.
Daily Historical Water Balance Products for the CONUS
This dataset provides daily historical Water Balance Model outputs from a Thornthwaite-type, single bucket model. Climate inputs to the model are from GridMet daily temperature and precipitation for the Continental United States (CONUS). The Water Balance Model output variables include the following: Potential Evapotranspiration (PET, mm), Actual Evapotranspiration (AET, mm), Moisture Deficit (Deficit, mm), Soil Water (soilwater, mm), Runoff (mm), Rain (mm), and Accumulated Snow Water Equivalent (accumswe, mm). The dataset covers the period from January 1 to December 31 for years 1980 through 2023 for the CONUS. Water Balance Model variables are provided as individual files, by variable and year, at a 1 km x 1 km spatial resolution and a daily temporal resolution. Data are in a North America Lambert Conformal Conic projection and are distributed in a standardized Climate and Forecast (CF)-compliant NetCDF file format.
High Mountain Asia CMIP6 Monthly and Yearly Water Balance Projections, 2016-2099 for Parts of Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Pakistan V001
This High Mountain Asia (HMA) data set comprises a suite of monthly and yearly water balance model (WBM) projections for the years 2016 – 2099, covering parts of Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Pakistan (primarily the headwaters of the Amu Darya and Indus River basins). Projections are available for 12 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) global climate models and two Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP 2-4.5 and SSP 5-8.5). The data were generated using the University of New Hampshire WBM. A historical run is also available for the years 1980 through 2018, using as input ERA5 reanalysis temperature data and ensemble precipitation estimates developed for High Mountain Asia.
Dataset: Water and Nutrient Mass Balances of Upper Klamath Lake, WY 1992-2018.
<p>Monthly and annual water and nutrient (total phosphorus and total nitrogen) mass balances were developed for Upper Klamath Lake (UKL) over water year (WY) 1992-2018. UKL is a shallow, hyper-eutrophic lake located in south-central Oregon, USA. The water and nutrient balances were computed using available flow and water quality sampling data for various inflow sources and the lake outflow. Changes in water and nutrient mass storage were computed from measured lake surface elevations using elevation-area-volume curves based on the lake bathymetry, and biweekly water quality sampling. The net retention of nutrients were computed by difference from the other measured or estimated inflow, outflow, and storage terms. </p> <p>The data sources and methodologies used to generate this dataset are described in the following report:</p> <ul> <li><em>Walker, Jeffrey D, & Kann, Jacob. (2022). Water and Nutrient Balances of Upper Klamath Lake, Water Years 1992–2018. Zenodo. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6607800">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6607800</a></em></li> </ul> <p>This repository contains the following files:</p> <ul> <li><strong>ukl-mb-mon.csv</strong>: monthly flows, loads, and flow-weighted mean (FWM) concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN) for each mass balance term</li> <li><strong>ukl-mb-wyr.csv</strong>: annual flows, loads, and flow-weighted mean (FWM) concentrations of TP and TN for each mass balance term based on water years (WY = Oct 1 - Sep 30; e.g., WY 2018 = Oct 1, 2017 - Sep 30, 2018)</li> </ul> <p>Mass balance terms include:</p> <ul> <li><strong>tribs_7mile_dike</strong>: Sevenmile Canal @ Dike Road (outlet to Agency Lake)</li> <li><strong>tribs_wood_dike</strong>: Wood River @ Dike Road (outlet to Agency Lake)</li> <li><strong>tribs_wood_dike-weed</strong>: Wood River between Dike and Weed Roads</li> <li><strong>tribs_wood_weed</strong>: Wood River @ Weed Road</li> <li><strong>tribs_sprague</strong>: Sprague River</li> <li><strong>tribs_williamson-sprague</strong>: Williamson River excluding Sprague River basin</li> <li><strong>tribs_williamson</strong>: Williamson River (outlet to Upper Klamath Lake)</li> <li><strong>tribs_total</strong>: Total gauged tributaries (Sevenmile Canal + Wood River + Williamson River)</li> <li><strong>pumped_alr</strong>: Pumped inflows from Agency Lake Ranch</li> <li><strong>pumped_wrdp</strong>: Pumped inflows from Williamson River Delta Preserve (Tulana + Goose Bay)</li> <li><strong>pumped_ungauged</strong>: Pumped inflows from other ungauged agricultural areas</li> <li><strong>pumped_total</strong>: Total pumped inflows (ALR + WRDP + Ungauged Pumped Areas)</li> <li><strong>ungauged</strong>: Ungauged drainage basins</li> <li><strong>total_external</strong>: Total external inflows (Gauged Tributaries + Ungauged Basins + Pumped Areas)</li> <li><strong>precip</strong>: Precipitation (total atmospheric deposition for nutrient loads)</li> <li><strong>evap</strong>: Evaporation</li> <li><strong>net_inflow</strong>: Net inflow (Total External Inflows + Precipitation - Evaporation)</li> <li><strong>outflow</strong>: Lake outflow</li> <li><strong>storage</strong>: Lake mean storage (Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes)</li> <li><strong>dstorage</strong>: Change in lake storage</li> <li><strong>retention</strong>: Net retention</li> <li><strong>anthro</strong>: Anthropogenic inflows</li> <li><strong>background</strong>: Background inflows</li> </ul> <p>See Table D1 (Appendix D) of Walker and Kann (2022) for equations to compute flows and loads of terms derived from other directly measured or estimated terms.</p> <p>File columns:</p> <ul> <li><strong>wyear</strong>: Water year (Oct 1 - Sep 30; e.g., WY 2018 = Oct 1, 2017 - Sep 30, 2018)</li> <li><strong>date</strong>: Date on the first day of each month (monthly dataset only)</li> <li><strong>term</strong>: Mass balance term (see above)</li> <li><strong>param</strong>: Water quality parameter (tp or tn)</li> <li><strong>flow_hm3</strong>: Flow or storage volume (hm^3 = 1e6 m^3 = 0.81071 kacre-ft)</li> <li><strong>load_kg</strong>: Load or storage mass (kg = 1e-3 metric tonne or mton)</li> <li><strong>conc_ppb</strong>: Concentration (ppb = ug/L = 1e3 mg/L)</li> <li><strong>area_km2</strong>: Drainage/surface area associated with each term (km2)</li> <li><strong>runoff_m</strong>: Unit-area runoff (m) equal to flow_hm3 divided by area_km2</li> <li><strong>export_kg_km2</strong>: Nutrient export rate (kg/km2) equal to load_kg divided by area_km2</li> </ul>
The extraretinal photoreceptor OPSIN3 in the hypothalamus is involved in the regulation of water balance, body temperature and motor activity
GEO Series GSE209557. Rattus norvegicus. 10 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.