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671 results for “Window”
Data from: Evaluating Window Size Effects on Univariate Time Series Forecasting with Machine Learning
<p>In the realm of time series prediction modeling, the window size (w) is a critical hyperparameter that determines the number of time units included in each example provided to a learning model. This hyperparameter is crucial because it allows the learning model to recognize both long-term and short-term trends, as well as seasonal patterns, while reducing sensitivity to random noise. This study aims to elucidate the impact of window size on the performance of machine learning algorithms in univariate time series forecasting tasks. To achieve this, we employed 40 time series from two different domains, conducting experiments with varying window sizes using four types of machine learning algorithms: Bagging, Boosting, Stacking, and a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) architecture. The results reveal that increasing the window size generally enhances the evaluation metric values up to a stabilization point, beyond which further increases do not significantly improve predictive accuracy. This stabilization effect was observed in both domains when w values exceeded 100 time steps. Moreover, the study found that RNN architectures do not consistently outperform ensemble models in various univariate time series forecasting scenarios.</p>
Fig. 1 in Small mammal remains from the Temple of Neptune, a window on the ancient landscape of the Sele Plain (Southern Italy)
Fig. 1 - The location of the Temple of Neptune and other localities considered in the text. / La posizione del Tempio di Nettuno e di altre local- ità menzionate nel testo.
BRAIN Journal-An Energy-Saving Concept of the Smart Building Power Grid with Separated Lines for Standby Devices-Figure 4. Screen shot of the C# Windows form app
<p>The screen shot of the C# Windows form app is shown in figure 4. The text field on the left side includes numbers from 2 to 7, which are commands to control the states of relays. </p>
La concurrence Apple et Windows
<p>Document de test crée dans le cadre d'une formation IFeL intitulé Concurrence entre Apple et Windows</p>
Light Scattering by Roman window glass
<p>This archive contains data-sets representing the light scattering properties of four samples of Roman window glass, as described in detail in Grobe, Noback, and Lang. Data-Driven Modelling of Daylight Scattering by Roman Window Glass. ACM Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage (manuscript accepted with minor revisions). For each sample, a sub-directory contains the measured DSF (BSDF x cos theta) and a transmission and reflection model for use with the light simulation software Radiance.</p> <p>Each directory contains metadata in Dublin Core and Marc21 format, giving detailed information about the individual dataset.</p>
Figure 3 in Research on Alleculinae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Alleculinae) in tugai forests of the Almaty region in Kazakhstan using window traps
Figure 3. Ashen Grove. Tugai forest with Elaeagnus angustifolia – typical habitat of Mycetochara flavipes occurrence. Photo by Hana Brinkeová.
Figure 1 in Research on Alleculinae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Alleculinae) in tugai forests of the Almaty region in Kazakhstan using window traps
Figure 1. Shelek. Window trap on stem of Populus pruinosa in tugai forest – habitat of Steneryx dejeani occurrence. Photo by Oto Nakládal.
Fig. 7 in Arcotheres placunicola, a new species of pea crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from the window-pane shell, Placuna ephippium Philipsson, 1788 (Placunidae) in Singapore
Fig. 7. Arcotheres placunae (Hornell & Southwell, 1909), overall habitus. A, neotype ovigerous female (11.0 × 8.1 mm) (ZRC 2017.1293), India; B, ovigerous female (9.2 × 6.9 mm) (ZRC 2017.1008), Pakistan; C, ovigerous female (11.5 × 7.9 mm) (ZRC 2017.1008), Pakistan; D, male (7.0 × 5.8 mm), (ZRC 2017.1065), India.
Fig. 6. Arcotheres placunicola n in Arcotheres placunicola, a new species of pea crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from the window-pane shell, Placuna ephippium Philipsson, 1788 (Placunidae) in Singapore
Fig. 6. Arcotheres placunicola n. sp. Colour in life. A, B, paratype ovigerous female (8.0 × 6.1 mm); C, paratype non-ovigerous female with rhizocephalan (9.0 × 7.4 mm); D, paratype male with rhizocephalan (5.6 × 5.1 mm); E, F, paratype ovigerous female (7.3 × 5.9 mm) (crab indicated by arrow); G, H = paratype ovigerous female (9.5 × 7.2 mm). E, in situ on Placuna ephippium Philipsson, 1788 (Placunidae). All material from ZRC 2017.1015, Changi, Singapore.
Fig. 5. Arcotheres placunicola n in Arcotheres placunicola, a new species of pea crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from the window-pane shell, Placuna ephippium Philipsson, 1788 (Placunidae) in Singapore
Fig. 5. Arcotheres placunicola n. sp. Colour in life. A–D, G, paratype specimens from ZRC 2017.1010, Changi, Singapore; E, paratype female (8.8 × 6.9 mm) (ZRC 2017.1010), Changi, Singapore; F, paratype male (4.7 × 4.1 mm) (ZRC 2017.1010), Changi, Singapore. A, G, in situ on Placuna ephippium Philipsson, 1788 (Placunidae).
Fig. 8 in Arcotheres placunicola, a new species of pea crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from the window-pane shell, Placuna ephippium Philipsson, 1788 (Placunidae) in Singapore
Fig. 8. Arcotheres placunae (Hornell & Southwell, 1909), ovigerous female (11.5 × 7.9 mm) (ZRC 2017.1008), Pakistan. A–D, left P2–P5, respectively; E–H, right P2–P5, respectively; D', distal part of dactylus of left P5 showing stiff subdistal spinules (dorsal view, setae not drawn); H', distal part of dactylus of left P5 showing stiff subdistal spinules (ventral view, setae not drawn); H" = distal part of dactylus of right P5 showing stiff subdistal spinules (dorsal view, setae not drawn); I, outer view of right MXP3; J, right chela and carpus. Scales: A–H, J = 1.0 mm; D', H', H", I = 0.5 mm.
Fig. 4. Arcotheres placunicola n in Arcotheres placunicola, a new species of pea crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from the window-pane shell, Placuna ephippium Philipsson, 1788 (Placunidae) in Singapore
Fig. 4. Arcotheres placunicola n. sp. A, B, D–P, paratype male (5.6 × 4.7 mm) (ZRC 2017.1010); C, Q, paratype young male (2.4 × 2.4 mm) (ZRC 2017.1014). Both specimens from Changi, Singapore. A, right chela and carpus (setae not drawn); B, C, male pleon; D, right MXP3 (setae not drawn); E–H, right P2–P5, respectively; I–L, left P2–P5, respectively (setae not drawn); L', distal part of P5 dactylus (dorsal view, soft setae not drawn); M, left G1 (ventral view, setae not drawn); N, left G1 (dorsal view, setae not drawn); O, left G2 (setae not drawn); P, right G2 (mesial view showing exopod, setae not drawn). Scales: A, B, E–L = 1.0 mm; M–P = 0.5 mm; C, L', Q = 0.25 mm.
Fig. 2. Arcotheres placunicola n in Arcotheres placunicola, a new species of pea crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from the window-pane shell, Placuna ephippium Philipsson, 1788 (Placunidae) in Singapore
Fig. 2. Arcotheres placunicola n. sp. A, paratype ovigerous female (10.4 × 8.3 mm) (ZRC 2017.1010); B, paratype male (5.6 × 4.7 mm) (ZRC 2017.1010); C, paratype young male (2.4 × 2.4 mm) (ZRC 2017.1014); D, paratype male (4.7 × 4.1 mm) (ZRC 2017.1010). A–C, overall habitus; D, male anterior thoracic sternum. All specimens from Changi, Singapore.
Fig. 1. Arcotheres placunicola n in Arcotheres placunicola, a new species of pea crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from the window-pane shell, Placuna ephippium Philipsson, 1788 (Placunidae) in Singapore
Fig. 1. Arcotheres placunicola n. sp., holotype ovigerous female (11.2 × 8.6 mm) (ZRC 2017.1009), Changi, Singapore. A, overall habitus; B, ventral view of cephalothorax; C, frontal view of cephalothorax; D, outer view of left chela.
Fig. 3. Arcotheres placunicola n in Arcotheres placunicola, a new species of pea crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from the window-pane shell, Placuna ephippium Philipsson, 1788 (Placunidae) in Singapore
Fig. 3. Arcotheres placunicola n. sp. A, L, paratype ovigerous female (10.1 × 8.0 mm) (ZRC 2017.1012), Changi, Singapore; B–K, holotype ovigerous female (11.2 × 8.6 mm) (ZRC 2017.1009), Changi, Singapore. A–D, left P2–P5, respectively; E–H, right P2–P5, respectively; D', distal part of dactylus of left P5 showing stiff subdistal spinules (dorsal view, soft setae not drawn); H', distal part of dactylus of right P5 showing stiff subdistal spinules (ventral view, soft setae not drawn); H", distal part of dactylus of left P5 showing stiff subdistal spinules (dorsal view, soft setae not drawn); I, fingers of right chela (setae denuded); J, left chela and carpus; K, L, outer view of right MXP3. Scales: A–H, J = 1.0 mm; D', H', H", I, K, L = 0.5 mm.
Text-fig. 20. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of fruits of Hedyflora (a–d), stamen with in situ Asteropollis sp. pollen (e–g), and Hedyosmum-like staminate inflorescence (h); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Hedyflora sp. 1, lateral and apical views of fruits showing the triangular cross-section, remains of three tepals, apical style and the three lateral "windows" in the hypanthium; c, d) Hedyflora sp. 2, lateral views of fruits showing three well-preserved tepals, apical style and the lateral "windows" in the hypanthium; note the papillae on the lateral wall and around the base of the style; e, f, g) Stamen (f) with in situ pollen of Asteropollis sp. showing the poorly defined star-shaped apertural area (e) and reticulate tectum, with the muri ornamented by small verrucae (g); h) Hedyosmum-like staminate inflorescence with five whorls of tetrasporangiate stamens. Specimens, TV43-S101749 (a, b), TV43-S101307 (c, d), TV44-S137917 (e–g), TV39-S101220 (h). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–d, f, h), 6 Μm (e), 1.5 Μm (g). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 20. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of fruits of Hedyflora (a–d), stamen with in situ Asteropollis sp. pollen (e–g), and Hedyosmum-like staminate inflorescence (h); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a, b) Hedyflora sp. 1, lateral and apical views of fruits showing the triangular cross-section, remains of three tepals, apical style and the three lateral "windows" in the hypanthium; c, d) Hedyflora sp. 2, lateral views of fruits showing three well-preserved tepals, apical style and the lateral "windows" in the hypanthium; note the papillae on the lateral wall and around the base of the style; e, f, g) Stamen (f) with in situ pollen of Asteropollis sp. showing the poorly defined star-shaped apertural area (e) and reticulate tectum, with the muri ornamented by small verrucae (g); h) Hedyosmum-like staminate inflorescence with five whorls of tetrasporangiate stamens. Specimens, TV43-S101749 (a, b), TV43-S101307 (c, d), TV44-S137917 (e–g), TV39-S101220 (h). Scale bars 300 Μm (a–d, f, h), 6 Μm (e), 1.5 Μm (g).
Figure 3. Likelihood trees generated from the X in Forest monkeys and Pleistocene refugia: a phylogeographic window onto the disjunct distribution of the Chlorocebus lhoesti species group
Figure 3. Likelihood trees generated from the X- and Y-chromosomal datasets. Bootstrap values of 50 and above (100 replicates, 'fast' stepwise addition) are included throughout the trees. The dashed ovals indicate the consistent recovery of a lhoesti group monophyly. One Chlorocebus solatus sample (CS026) is derived from a female (XX), and therefore is not represented in the Y-chromosomal tree.
Figure 1 in Forest monkeys and Pleistocene refugia: a phylogeographic window onto the disjunct distribution of the Chlorocebus lhoesti species group
Figure 1. Present ranges of the lhoesti group relative to two putative Pleistocene refugia and the Congo River Basin. Species distributions follow Kingdon (1997), and refuges follow Grubb (2001). Harrison (1988) hypothesized that the evolutionary dispersal of the lhoesti group followed an eastward path around the Congo Basin, along either its northern or southern rim. In contrast, Kaplin (2002) suggested that the lhoesti group ancestor may have spread through the basin, with its present distribution being the result of a vicariant event.
Astroclimate measurements on several points over Eastern hemisphere in 2-mm and 3-millimeter atmospheric transparency windows using tipping radiometer
<p>We are presenting results of the atmospheric propagation observations which our research group has been conducting since 2012. Over this time, we have gathered statistical data of atmospheric propagation over a number of sites which possibly can be used for radio astronomical observations in the millimetre and sub-millimetre bandwidths. The Zenith opacity was studied by the atmospheric dip method in the 3 mm and 2 mm atmospheric windows. The dataset is recommended to use for estimation of atmospheric propagation for the purpose of radio astronomy and telecommunications.</p> <p>The “tau-meter” (named MIAP-2) allows us to estimate an integral absorption by using the atmospheric dip method. The hardware includes a radiometric system comprising two self-contained radiometers operating in two different bands of 84-99 GHz (λ ~ 3 mm) and 132-148 GHz (λ ~ 2 mm), a rotary support, a control, and a firmware system. The radiometers work in modulation mode within 36 Hz modulation frequency. Floating mirror allows radiometer to scan the sky in the interval of 0 – 88.5 elevation angles (6 total). The output record contains the voltages of synchronous detector for each angle in 2 wavebands. The voltage is proportional to brightness temperature of the sky in corresponding waveband. (It has negative value for technical reasons.)</p> <p>The dataset contains raw data observed by radiometer: Local date and time, a several detector voltages on different elevation angles for 2 wavebands, as well as service information header. The first 6 columns contain optical depth calculated by old method and it’s no more used in data processing since the new algorithm has been invented in 2018.</p>
A Theoretical Window into the Wind Clumping Properties of Magnetic Hot Star Winds
<p>Winds from hot, massive OB stars are driven by scattering and absorption of the stellar radiation by spectral lines. The standard line-driven wind theory of CAK predicts a smooth, steady outflow but neglects a strong radiation instability, resulting in strong shocks and a highly structured, clumped wind. Treating clumping arising from this line-deshadowing instability (LDI) is of key importance in accurately interpreting observed spectral diagnostics of massive star winds. Indeed, if not correctly accounted for, such wind clumping may lead to quite dramatic errors in inferred mass-loss properties and to correspondingly large errors in massive-star evolution predictions. So far theory and observation of the LDI have only investigated wind clumping for non-magnetic OB stars. Meanwhile, quantitative wind clumping behaviour for magnetic massive stars has not been established. However, by now there is ample evidence from spectropolarimetric surveys that a subset of OB stars in our Galaxy possesses strong, global surface magnetic fields believed to be of primordial origin. This magnetic field leads to a quenching of mass loss and can significantly alter stellar evolution, with speculations that it may even lead to formation of high stellar mass black holes. Such mass-loss rates have up until now relied on smooth wind predictions, hence do not take into account the intrinsic clumpy structures. In this contribution I present the first results of 2D numerical simulations on magnetic LDI winds that self-consistently predict the wind clumping phenomenon. I show the possible pathways to structure formation and discuss this in light of our recently carried out analytical perturbation analysis. Finally, I discuss the resulting wind clumping properties and the possible effects on observational diagnostics.</p>
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