Find research datasets worth reusing

FIGURES 1–2. Delphiphylus n in A new genus to accommodate the misplaced Nearctic species Hoplomachus affiguratus (Uhler, 1895) (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae)

FIGURES 1–2. Delphiphylus n. gen. affiguratus (Uhler, 1895) n. comb. 1. Metatarsal claw (Scale bar = 0.05 mm); 2. Pygo- phore, dorsal and lateral views. (Scale bar = 0.5 mm)

FIGURES 3–4 in A new genus to accommodate the misplaced Nearctic species Hoplomachus affiguratus (Uhler, 1895) (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae)

FIGURES 3–4. Meso- and metapleura: 3. Delphiphylus n. gen. affiguratus (Uhler, 1895) n. comb., female; 4. Hoplomachus thunbergi (Fallén, 1807), female. (Only mesothoracic spiracle and metasternal scent-efferent system highlighted.)

FIGURES 8–10. Delphiphylus n in A new genus to accommodate the misplaced Nearctic species Hoplomachus affiguratus (Uhler, 1895) (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae)

FIGURES 8–10. Delphiphylus n. gen. affiguratus (Uhler, 1895) n. comb., female genitalia. 8. Dorsal wall of the genital chamber; 9. Vestibulum (vulvar area), ventral view; 10. Posterior wall. (Scale bar = 0.4 mm)

FIGURES 5–7. Delphiphylus n in A new genus to accommodate the misplaced Nearctic species Hoplomachus affiguratus (Uhler, 1895) (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae)

FIGURES 5–7. Delphiphylus n. gen. affiguratus (Uhler, 1895) n. comb., male genitalia. 5. Right paramere, different views; 6. Left paramere, lateral and (simplified) caudal views; 7. Vesica, two views. (Scale bar = 0.4 mm)

FIGURES 22–25 in Niuailan, a new genus to accommodate Carneoryctes peterseni (Endrődi, 1967) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from New Ireland, Papua New Guinea

FIGURES 22–25. Niuailan peterseni (Endrődi, 1967), male in PMH: 22, head and pronotum, frontal view; 23, head and pro- notum, lateral view; 24, head and pronotum, dorsal view; 25, pygidium.

FIGURES 17–21 in Niuailan, a new genus to accommodate Carneoryctes peterseni (Endrődi, 1967) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from New Ireland, Papua New Guinea

FIGURES 17–21. Niuailan peterseni (Endrődi, 1967), male in PMH: 17, dorsal view; 18, ventral view; 19, lateral view; 20, parameres frontal view; 21, parameres and phallobase, lateral view.

FIGURES 14–16 in Niuailan, a new genus to accommodate Carneoryctes peterseni (Endrődi, 1967) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from New Ireland, Papua New Guinea

FIGURES 14–16. Niuailan peterseni (Endrődi, 1967), holotype male: 14, lateral view; 15, dorsal view; 16, labels (photographs by Alexey Solodovnikov).

FIGURES 3–7 in Niuailan, a new genus to accommodate Carneoryctes peterseni (Endrődi, 1967) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from New Ireland, Papua New Guinea

FIGURES 3–7. Carneoryctes tectus (Blackburn, 1892), male in PMH: 3, dorsal view; 4, ventral view; 5, lateral view; 6, para- meres frontal view; 7, parameres and phallobase lateral view.

FIGURES 8–13 in Niuailan, a new genus to accommodate Carneoryctes peterseni (Endrődi, 1967) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from New Ireland, Papua New Guinea

FIGURES 8–13. Carneoryctes males in PMH: 8, C. brittoni (Carne, 1957), lateral view; 9, C. brittoni, dorsal view; 10, C. psilus (Carne, 1957), lateral view; 11, C. psilus, dorsal view; 12, C. wingarus (Carne, 1957), lateral view; 13, C. wingarus, dorsal view.

FIGURES 1–2 in Niuailan, a new genus to accommodate Carneoryctes peterseni (Endrődi, 1967) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from New Ireland, Papua New Guinea

FIGURES 1–2. Landscape views: 1, Lelet Plateau, New Ireland, Papua New Guinea (photograph by Richard Eves); 2, 10 km west of Menzies, Western Australia (collection locality of Carneoryctes brittoni (Carne, 1957) and C. psilus (Carne, 1957)).

FIGURE 26 in Niuailan, a new genus to accommodate Carneoryctes peterseni (Endrődi, 1967) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Pentodontini) from New Ireland, Papua New Guinea

FIGURE 26. Niuailan peterseni (Endrődi, 1967), known distribution in Papua New Guinea (■) (base map from www.freecountrymaps.com/map/country/papua-new-guinea-map-pg).

opencc-zeroJan 2021View details →

Spermatophore retention may accommodate sexual signal loss in pacific field crickets

Sexual signals are gained and lost over evolutionary time. While signal gain has obvious fitness benefits, signal loss should present significant costs due to decreased mating opportunities. Because sexual signal loss has rarely been observed in real time, it is unclear how this process unfolds in nature. Just as female mating preferences can promote evolutionary gain and elaboration of sexual signals, they may also facilitate signal loss. We investigated how two components of female mate choice are involved in rapid sexual signal loss in the Pacific field cricket (Teleogryllus oceanicus), in which many males have lost the ability to sing. Males that can sing ("normal-wings") and obligately silent males ("flatwings") coexist in Hawaiian populations. While we know that females prefer not to mate with flatwings, we tested whether females discriminate against flatwing males before copulation due to the lack of song, or something inherent about their wing morphology. We combined this assessment with a test of post-copulatory preference by presenting females with either a normal-wing or flatwing male in the presence or absence of a courtship song stimulus. Females took significantly longer to mount males in the absence of courtship song regardless of male wing morph. This is the first evidence that females discriminate against the absence of song during mate choice, not male wing morph. However, females retained spermatophores for equally long regardless of male wing morph and whether they heard courtship song. Pre- and post-copulatory sexual selection do not operate synchronously in this system, which may help explain the success of the silent morph in wild populations.

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →

Data from: A few large roads or many small ones? How to accommodate growth in vehicle numbers to minimise impacts on wildlife

Roads and vehicular traffic are among the most pervasive of threats to biodiversity because they fragmenting habitat, increasing mortality and opening up new areas for the exploitation of natural resources. However, the number of vehicles on roads is increasing rapidly and this is likely to continue into the future, putting increased pressure on wildlife populations. Consequently, a major challenge is the planning of road networks to accommodate increased numbers of vehicles, while minimising impacts on wildlife. Nonetheless, we currently have few principles for guiding decisions on road network planning to reduce impacts on wildlife in real landscapes. We addressed this issue by developing an approach for quantifying the impact on wildlife mortality of two alternative mechanisms for accommodating growth in vehicle numbers: (1) increasing the number of roads, and (2) increasing traffic volumes on existing roads. We applied this approach to a koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) population in eastern Australia and quantified the relative impact of each strategy on mortality. We show that, in most cases, accommodating growth in traffic through increases in volumes on existing roads has a lower impact than building new roads. An exception is where the existing road network has very low road density, but very high traffic volumes on each road. These findings have important implications for how we design road networks to reduce their impacts on biodiversity.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Pairing field methods to improve inference in wildlife surveys while accommodating detection covariance

It is common to use multiple field sampling methods when implementing wildlife surveys to compare method efficacy or cost-efficiency, integrate distinct pieces of information provided by separate methods, or evaluate method-specific biases and misclassification error. Existing models that combine information from multiple field methods or sampling devices permit rigorous comparison of method-specific detection parameters, enable estimation of additional parameters such as false-positive detection probability, and improve occurrence or abundance estimates, but with the assumption that the separate sampling methods produce detections independently of one another. This assumption is tenuous if methods are paired or deployed in close proximity simultaneously, a common practice that reduces the additional effort required to implement multiple methods and reduces the risk that differences between method-specific detection parameters are confounded by other environmental factors. We develop occupancy and spatial capture-recapture models that permit covariance between the detections produced by different methods, use simulation to compare estimator performance of the new models to models assuming independence, and provide an empirical application based upon American marten (Martes americana) surveys using paired remote cameras, hair-catches, and snow tracking. Simulation results indicate existing models that assume that methods independently detect organisms produce biased parameter estimates and substantially understate estimate uncertainty when this assumption is violated, while our reformulated models are robust to either methodological independence or covariance. Empirical results suggested that remote-cameras and snow-tracking had comparable probability of detecting present martens, but that snow-tracking also produced false-positive marten detections that could potentially substantially bias distribution estimates if not corrected for. Remote cameras detected marten individuals more readily than passive hair-catches. Inability to photographically distinguish individual sex did not appear to induce negative bias in camera density estimates; instead, hair-catches appeared to produce detection competition between individuals that may have been a source of negative bias. Our model reformulations broaden the range of circumstances in which analyses incorporating multiple sources of information can be robustly used, and our empirical results demonstrate that using multiple field-methods can enhance inferences regarding ecological parameters of interest and improve understanding of how reliably survey methods sample these parameters.

opencc-zeroDec 2008View details →

Data from: A test of the "flexible stem" model of evolution: ancestral plasticity, genetic accommodation, and morphological divergence in the threespine stickleback radiation

If an ancestral stem group repeatedly colonizes similar environments, developmental plasticity specific to that group should consistently give rise to similar phenotypes. Parallel selection on those similar phenotypes could lead to the repeated evolution of characteristic ecotypes, a property common to many adaptive radiations. A key prediction of this "flexible stem" model of adaptive radiation is that patterns of phenotypic divergence in derived groups should mirror patterns of developmental plasticity in their common ancestor. The threespine stickleback radiation provides an excellent opportunity to test this prediction because the marine form is representative of the ancestral stem group, which has repeatedly given rise to several characteristic ecotypes. We examined plasticity of several aspects of shape and trophic morphology in response to diets characteristic of either the derived benthic or limnetic ecotypes. When marine fish were reared on alternative diets, plasticity of head and mouth shape paralleled phenotypic divergence between the derived ecotypes, supporting the flexible stem model. Benthic and limnetic fish exhibited patterns of plasticity similar to the marine population; however, some differences in population means were present, as well as subtle differences in shape plasticity in the benthic population, indicating a role for genetic accommodation in this system.

opencc-zeroFeb 2020View details →

Botulinum toxin in the treatment of partially accommodative esotropia with high AC/A ratio

<a name="OLE_LINK3"></a><a name="OLE_LINK6"></a><a name="OLE_LINK5">Purpose:</a> To study the outcome of botulinum toxin (BTX) treatment (group 1) in partially accommodative esotropia with high accommodative convergence/accommodation (AC/A) ratio, in comparison with bilateral medial rectus muscles recessions and posterior fixation (group 2). Methods: In a retrospective comparative study, children aged 3-8 years old treated between 2011 and 2016, with partially accommodative esotropia with high AC/A ratio, deviation at distance of 10 prism diopters or more, and at least 1 year of follow-up, were included. Visual acuity, alternate prism and cover test, stereoacuity, biomicroscopy, and cycloplegic retinoscopy were carried out at initial, baseline visit, 6 months and 1 year after BTX injection or surgery. Main outcome variables were deviation at distance and near, improvement in stereoacuity, and percentage of success. We used multiple regression or proportional odds analysis to control for potential confounding variables. Results: Of 95 patients, 84 were eligible, 48 children in group 1 and 36 in group 2. Deviation and stereoacuity were similar in the two groups at 6 months, but significantly better in the BTX group at 1 year (median distance deviation 0 prism diopters vs 5 prism diopters, p<0.01), although differences were not clinically relevant. Percentage of success was also significantly better only at 1 year (93% vs 72%, p=0.01). Change in distance-near disparity was not significantly different in the two groups in the period of study. Conclusions: Botulinum toxin could be superior to, or as effective as surgery, at middle term, in the treatment of partially accommodative esotropia with high AC/A ratio.

opennotspecifiedDec 2003View details →

FIGURE 4 in A new viviparous species of asterinid (Echinodermata, Asteroidea, Asterinidae) and a new genus to accommodate the species of pantropical exiguoid sea stars

FIGURE 4. Aboral view of the gonads of C. hystera n. sp. filled with late stage juveniles just prior to leaving the parent, Juveniles about 500 µ m.

opennotspecifiedDec 2003View details →

FIGURE 3. a in A new viviparous species of asterinid (Echinodermata, Asteroidea, Asterinidae) and a new genus to accommodate the species of pantropical exiguoid sea stars

FIGURE 3. a) Colour in life Cryptasterina hystera n.sp. (at left) and Cryptasterina pentagona (at right) Photograph. M Byrne. b) Statue Bay, central Queensland. Boulder and cobble beach. Type locality for C. hystera n. sp. Photograph. S McKillup.