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1,129 results for “aerobic”
Aerobic Plus Resistance Training and Insulin Sensitivity in African American Men
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01787617. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Aerobic Exercise and Cognitive Training in Older Adults
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02787655. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Aerobic Training and Non-Exercise Physical Activity
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02010060. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Yoga and Aerobic Exercise in Psychosis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01207219. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 11.
mSIM: Mobile Simultaneous Aerobic Exercise and Memory Training Intervention for Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04185298. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 48.
Effects of Aerobic Exercise in Parkinson's Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00784563. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
δ15N of nitric oxide produced under aerobic or anaerobic conditions from seven soils and their associated N isotope fractionations
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Coronary Circulation Enhances the Aerobic Performance of Wild Pacific Salmon
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From performance curves to performance surfaces: Interactive effects of temperature and oxygen availability on aerobic and anaerobic performance in the common wall lizard
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Data from: Mitonuclear interactions impact aerobic metabolism in hybrids and may explain mitonuclear discordance in young, naturally hybridizing bird lineages
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The thermal performance curve for aerobic metabolism of a flying endotherm
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Carbon and hydrogen isotope fractionation during uncultured aerobic oxidation of short-chain alkanes that discharged from a natural hydrothermal system
<p>Aerobic oxidation of short-chain alkanes was observed in gas samples from the Lutao intertidal hydrothermal vents in Taiwan, during storage without adding strains and replenishing substrates at 20 <sup>o</sup>C up to 29 months. The carbon isotope fractionation factors (<em>ε<sub>C</sub></em>) of methane (C<sub>1</sub>), ethane (C<sub>2</sub>), and propane (C<sub>3</sub>), were calculated using the Rayleigh fractionation equation to be -37.1 ± 7.5‰, -14.8 ± 4.8‰, and -4.7 ± 5.2‰, respectively. The hydrogen isotope fractionation factor (<em>ε<sub>H</sub></em>) of methane was determined to be -281 ± 187‰. DNA sequencing of the 16sRNA gene in the vent fluids suggests that aerobic oxidation is dominated by methanotrophs of the genera <em>Methylomicrobium</em> and <em>Methylophaga,</em> which use the ribulose monophosphate pathway (RuMP). The degrees of isotope fractionation (<em>ε<sub>C</sub></em> and <em>ε<sub>H</sub></em> values) herein are larger than previously reported values, possibly due to the limited O<sub>2</sub> supply and low abundance of aerobic methane-oxidizing bacteria in the experiments. Since the fractionation factor of methane is higher than those of ethane and propane, the aerobic oxidation of thermogenic or microbial alkanes could produce carbon isotope reversal, which is frequently noted as a trait of abiotic hydrocarbons. This work demonstrates that in addition to anaerobic microbial oxidation, aerobic oxidation with a low cell density can also produce significant isotope fractionation of alkanes in geological closed/semi-closed environments that are characterized by moderate temperatures and a limited supply of substrates and O<sub>2</sub>; these environments include cold seeps, mud volcanoes, and low-temperature hydrothermal aquifers/reservoirs.</p>
Data from: Adaptation and acclimation of aerobic exercise physiology in Lake Whitefish ecotypes (Coregonus clupeaformis)
The physiological mechanisms underlying local adaptation in natural populations of animals, and whether the same mechanisms contribute to adaptation and acclimation, are largely unknown. Therefore, we tested for evolutionary divergence in aerobic exercise physiology in laboratory bred, size-matched crosses of ancestral, benthic, normal Lake Whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) and derived, limnetic, more actively-swimming 'dwarf' ecotypes. We acclimated fish to constant swimming (emulating limnetic foraging) and control conditions (emulating normal activity levels) to simultaneously study phenotypic plasticity. We found extensive divergence between ecotypes: dwarf fish generally had constitutively higher values of traits related to oxygen transport (ventricle size) and use by skeletal muscle (percent oxidative muscle, mitochondrial content), and also evolved differential plasticity of mitochondrial function (Complex I activity and flux through Complexes I-IV and IV). The effects of swim-training were less pronounced than differences among ecotypes and the traits which had a significant training effect (ventricle protein content, ventricle MDH activity and muscle Complex V activity) did not differ among ecotypes. Only one trait, ventricle mass, varied in a similar manner with acclimation and adaptation and followed a pattern consistent with genetic accommodation. Overall, the physiological and biochemical mechanisms underlying acclimation and adaptation to swimming activity in Lake Whitefish generally differ.
Data from: Cardiac plasticity influences aerobic performance and thermal tolerance in a tropical, freshwater fish at elevated temperatures
Fishes faced with novel thermal conditions often modify physiological functioning to compensate for elevated temperatures. This physiological plasticity (thermal acclimation) has been shown to improve metabolic performance and extend thermal limits in many species. Adjustments in cardiorespiratory function are often invoked as mechanisms underlying thermal plasticity because limitations in oxygen supply have been predicted to define thermal optima in fishes, however few studies have explicitly linked cardiorespiratory plasticity to metabolic compensation. Here we quantify thermal acclimation capacity in the commercially harvested Nile perch (Lates niloticus) of East Africa, and investigate mechanisms underlying observed changes. We reared juvenile Nile perch for 3 months under two temperature regimes, and then measured a series of metabolic traits (e.g., aerobic scope, AS) and critical thermal maximum (CTmax) upon acute exposure to a range of experimental temperatures. We also measured morphological traits of heart ventricles, gills, and brains to identify potential mechanisms for compensation. We found that long-term (3-months) exposure to elevated temperature induced compensation in upper thermal tolerance (CTmax) and metabolic performance (SMR, MMR and AS), and induced cardiac remodeling in Nile perch. Furthermore, variation in heart morphology influenced variations in metabolic function and thermal tolerance. These results indicate that plastic changes enacted over longer exposures lead to differences in metabolic flexibility when acutely exposed to temperature variation. Furthermore, we established functional links between cardiac plasticity, metabolic performance, and thermal tolerance, providing evidence that plasticity in cardiac capacity may be one mechanism for coping with climate change.
Data from: Botfly infections impair the aerobic performance and survival of montane populations of deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus rufinus
1. Elevations >2000 m represent consistently harsh environments for small endotherms because of abiotic stressors such as cold temperatures and hypoxia. 2. These environmental stressors may limit the ability of populations living at these elevations to respond to biotic selection pressures — such as parasites or pathogens — that in other environmental contexts would impose only minimal energetic- and fitness-related costs. 3. We studied deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus rufinus) living along two elevational transects (2300 – 4400 m) in the Colorado Rockies and found that infection prevalence by botfly larvae (Cuterebridae) declined at higher elevations. We found no evidence of infections at elevations > 2400 m, but that 33.6% of all deer mice, and 52.2% of adults, were infected at elevations < 2400 m. 4. Botfly infections were associated with reductions in hematocrit levels of 23%, hemoglobin concentrations of 27%, and cold-induced VO2max measures of 19% compared to uninfected individuals. In turn, these reductions in aerobic performance appeared to influence fitness, as infected individuals suffered 19-34% higher overwinter mortality. 5. In contrast to studies at lower elevations, we found evidence indicating that botfly infections influence the aerobic capabilities and fitness of deer mice living at elevations between 2000 – 2400 m. Our results therefore suggest that the interaction between botflies and small rodents is likely highly context-dependent and that, more generally, high-elevation populations may be susceptible to additional biotic selection pressures.
Using aerobic exercise to evaluate sub-lethal tolerance of acute warming in fishes
<p>We investigated whether fatigue from sustained aerobic swimming provides a sublethal endpoint to define tolerance of acute warming in fishes, as an alternative to loss of equilibrium (LOE) during a critical thermal maximum protocol (CT<sub>max</sub>). Two species were studied, Nile tilapia <i>Oreochromis niloticus</i> and pacu <i>Piaractus mesopotamicus</i>. Each fish underwent an incremental swim test to determine gait transition speed (U<sub>GT</sub>), where it first engaged the unsteady anaerobic swimming mode that preceded fatigue. After suitable recovery each fish was swum at 85% of their own U<sub>GT</sub> and warmed 1°C every 30 min, to identify the temperature at which they fatigued, denoted as CT<sub>swim</sub>. Fish were also submitted to a standard CT<sub>max</sub>, warming at the same rate as CT<sub>swim, </sub>under static conditions until LOE. All individuals fatigued in CT<sub>swim</sub>, at a mean temperature approximately 2°C lower than their CT<sub>max</sub>. Therefore, if exposed to acute warming in the wild, the ability to perform aerobic metabolic work would be constrained at temperatures significantly below those that directly threatened survival. The collapse in performance at CT<sub>swim</sub> was preceded by a gait transition qualitatively indistinguishable from that during the incremental swim test. This suggests that fatigue in CT<sub>swim</sub> was linked to an inability to meet the tissue oxygen demands of exercise plus warming. This is consistent with the oxygen and capacity limited thermal tolerance (OCLTT) hypothesis, regarding the mechanism underlying tolerance of warming in fishes. Overall, fatigue at CT<sub>swim</sub> provides an ecologically relevant sub-lethal threshold that is more sensitive to extreme events than LOE at CT<sub>max</sub>.</p>
Data from: Aerobic scope predicts dominance during early life in a tropical damselfish
A range of physiological traits are linked with aggression and dominance within social hierarchies, but the role of individual aerobic capacity in facilitating aggression has seldom been studied. Further, links previously observed between an individual's metabolic rate and aggression level may be context dependent and modulated by factors such as social stress and competitor familiarity. We examined these issues in juvenile Ambon damselfish, Pomacentrus amboinensis, which display intraspecific competition for territories during settlement on coral reefs. Individuals were measured for routine metabolic rate, aerobic scope, and anaerobic capacity using intermittent-flow respirometry before dyadic dominance contests. Post-contest, fish were measured for metabolic rate in isolation and while interacting with their previous competitor or a stranger in adjacent transparent respirometers. In arena contests, aerobic scope was correlated with aggression and dominance, while routine metabolic rate and anaerobic capacity were not related to dominance. Post-contest, subordinates showed a rise in metabolic rate and decrease in available aerobic scope, presumably due to social stress. Dominants increased metabolic rate in the presence of a previous competitor, possibly due to the stresses of hierarchy maintenance. Metabolic rate during aggressive interactions did not approach that measured during exhaustive exercise, suggesting individuals do not fully utilise their aerobic scope during aggression. A greater aerobic scope may, however, allow faster post-contest recovery. These results demonstrate a link between aerobic scope and dominance during intraspecific competition for territory. Selection on aerobic scope could therefore follow, either indirectly through correlations with other traits influencing resource-holding potential, or directly if aerobic scope carries benefits important for territory acquisition or holding, such as an enhanced capacity to cope with socially-induced stress.
Data from: Stress coping and evolution of aerobic exercise performance: corticosterone levels in voles from a selection experiment
The locomotor performance achieved in a challenging situation depends not only on physiological limitations, such as the aerobic exercise capacity, but also on behavioral characteristics, such as adequate stress coping. The stress response is mediated largely by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, through modulated release of glucocorticoids. We used a unique experimental evolution model system to test a hypothesis that evolution of an increased aerobic exercise performance can be facilitated by modification of the glucocorticoid-related stress coping mechanisms. Bank voles (Myodes glareolus) from "aerobic" (A) lines, selected for 22 generations for high maximum swim-induced rate of oxygen consumption (VO2swim), achieved a 64% higher VO2swim than those from unselected, control (C) lines. The temporal pattern of exercise during the swimming trial also evolved, and the A-line voles achieved VO2swim later in the course of the trial, which indicates a modification in the stress response characteristics. Both VO2swim and the average metabolic rate measured during the trial tended to increase with baseline corticosterone level, and decreased with the post-exercise level. Thus, increased baseline corticosterone level promotes high metabolic performance, but a high corticosterone response to swimming acts as an inhibitor rather than stimulator of intense activity. However, neither of the corticosterone traits differed between the A-selected and control lines. Thus, the experiment did not provide evidence that evolution of increased aerobic performance is facilitated by modification of the glucocorticoid levels. The results, however, do not exclude a possibility that other aspects of the HPA axis function evolved in response to the selection.
Data from: Ecophysiological limits to aerobic metabolism in hypoxia determine epibenthic distributions and energy sequestration in the northeast Pacific ocean
Expansion of oxygen deficient waters (hypoxia) in the northeast Pacific Ocean (NEP) will have marked impacts on marine life. The response of the resident communities will be a function of their ecophysiological constraints in low oxygen, although this remains untested in the NEP due to a lack of integrative studies. Here, we combine in situ surveys and lab-based respirometry experiments were conducted on three indicator species (spot prawn Pandalus platyceros, slender sole Lyopsetta exilis, squat lobster Munida quadrispina) of seasonally hypoxic systems in the NEP to test if metabolic constraints determine distributions and energy sequestration in a hypoxic setting. These experiments were integrated with a global review of critical oxygen levels ( math formula; lower threshold of aerobic metabolism) for crustaceans to determine if math formula-based hypoxia thresholds are different among ocean basins. Our results show that species-specific differences in math formula and standard metabolic rates (1) determine the lowest environmental oxygen ([O2]env) at which in situ populations occur, (2) result in disproportionate shifts in distributions among co-occurring species during summer hypoxia expansion events, and (3) characterize shifts in megafaunal community respiration rates due to marked spatio-temporal variability in [O2]env. Our results show that math formula-based hypoxia thresholds are significantly lower in the East Pacific Ocean relative to other major ocean basins, which suggests that the physiological response of local fauna to deoxygenation can be determined by the natural variability and oxygen exposure in a region. In order to establish realistic predictions on the biological consequences of marine deoxygenation, we suggest integrating metabolism-based traits to calculate hypoxia thresholds for marine ecosystems.
Data from: Kinetics of calcite precipitation by ureolytic bacteria under aerobic and anaerobic conditions
The kinetics of urea hydrolysis (ureolysis) and induced calcium carbonate (CaCO3) precipitation for engineering use in the subsurface was investigated under aerobic conditions using Sporosarcina pasteurii (ATCC strain 11859) as well as Bacillus sphaericus strains 21776 and 21787. All bacterial strains showed ureolytic activity inducing CaCO3 precipitation aerobically. Rate constants not normalized to biomass demonstrated slightly higher rate coefficients for both ureolysis (kurea) and CaCO3 precipitation (kprecip) for B. sphaericus 21776 (kurea = 0.10 ± 0.03 h-1, kprecip = 0.60 ± 0.34 h-1) compared to S. pasteurii (kurea = 0.07 ± 0.02 h-1, kprecip = 0.25 ± 0.02 h-1) though these differences were not statistically significantly different. B. sphaericus 21787 showed little ureolytic activity but was still capable of inducing some CaCO3 precipitation. Cell growth appeared to be inhibited during the period of CaCO3 precipitation. TEM images suggest this is due to the encasement of cells and was reflected in lower kurea values observed in the presence of dissolved Ca. However, biomass re-growth could be observed after CaCO3 precipitation ceased, which suggests that ureolysis-induced CaCO3 precipitation is not necessarily lethal for the entire population. The kinetics of ureolysis and CaCO3 precipitation with S. pasteurii were further analyzed under anaerobic conditions. Rate coefficients obtained in anaerobic environments were comparable to those under aerobic conditions, however no cell growth was observed under anaerobic conditions with NO3-, SO42- and Fe3+ as potential terminal electron acceptors. These data suggest that the initial rates of ureolysis and ureolysis-induced CaCO3 precipitation are not significantly affected by the absence of oxygen but that long-term ureolytic activity might require the addition of suitable electron acceptors. Variations in the ureolytic capabilities and associated rates of CaCO3 precipitation between strains must be fully considered in subsurface engineering strategies that utilize microbial amendments.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.