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170 results for “alpine plant”
Hotspots of (sub)alpine plants in the Irano-Anatolian Global Biodiversity Hotspot are insufficiently protected
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: The mountainous regions in SW Asia harbours a high number of endemic species, many of which are restricted to the high-elevation zone. The (sub)alpine habitats of the region are under particular threat due to global change, but their biodiversity hotspots and conservation status have not been investigated so far.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: Subalpine-alpine habitats of SW Asia</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: Distribution data of all (sub)alpine vascular plant species of the region was compiled, resulting in 19,680 localities from 1672 (sub)alpine species, the majority of them being restricted to the region (76%). Six quantitative indices of species diversity were used on the basis of 0.5°×0.5° grid cells to identify (sub)alpine hotspots. Hotspots whose surface area in the (sub)alpine zone was covered by nature reserves maximally by 10% were defined as conservation gaps.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: A high proportion (80%) of the endemic species of the study area is range-restricted and narrowly distributed. The results of all six indices were highly correlated. Using the top 5%, 10% and 20% richest cells supported by any index, 32, 53 and 98 cells, respectively, were identified as Hotspots. Almost 60% of these Hotspots at all three levels were identified as unprotected (i.e., constituted Conservation Gaps). Generally, only 22%, 18% and 16%, respectively, of the alpine surface area of the identified Hotspots were covered by nature reserves for the top 5%, 10% and 20% richest cells, respectively. </p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong>: Although the rate of protection in (sub)alpine Hotspots exceeds that of the entire region it is still insufficient, because these Hotspots are much richer in endemic and in range-restricted species, but at the same time are under high pressure of global change. Therefore, the establishment of new nature reserves with high conservation efficiency in (sub)alpine habitats with a particular focus on the identified Hotspots is strongly recommended.</p>
Resampling alpine herbarium records reveals changes in plant traits over space and time - dataset
<p><strong>Data overview:</strong></p> <p>These data correspond to the analyses conducted for the article "Resampling alpine herbarium records reveals changes in plant traits over space and time" by Francesca Jaroszynska, Christian Rixen, Sarah Woodin, Jonathan Lenoir and Sonja Wipf, in Journal of Ecology</p> <p><strong>Metadata for jaroszynska_herbarium_traits_data.csv:</strong></p> <p>date = date; date of collection</p> <p>time = factor; time of collection (historical or recent)</p> <p>elevation = numerical; elevation in metres above sea level of the sample collection site</p> <p>selevation = numerical; scaled <em>elevation</em></p> <p>selevation2 = numerical; elevation in metres above sea level of sample collection site (elevation/1000).</p> <p>sSlope = numerical; scaled slope (slope/10)</p> <p>slope = numerical; computed slope based on elevation</p> <p>trait = string; name of the measured trait</p> <ul> <li> <p>crFlowerN = numerical; Cardamine resedifolia; number of flowers</p> </li> <li> <p>crHeight = numerical; Cardamine resedifolia; plant height</p> </li> <li> <p>crLeafL = numerical; Cardamine resedifolia; length of longest leaf</p> </li> <li> <p>crRosetteLeafN = numerical; Cardamine resedifolia; number of leaves in rosette</p> </li> <li> <p>paBasalLeafL = numerical; Poa alpina; basal leaf length</p> </li> <li> <p>paInflorescenceL = numerical; Poa alpina; inflorescence length</p> </li> <li> <p>paHeight = numerical; Poa alpina; plant height</p> </li> <li> <p>pvInfL = numerical; Polygonum viviparum; length of inflorescence</p> </li> <li> <p>pvLA = numerical; Polygonum viviparum; leaf area (length x width)</p> </li> <li> <p>pvLeafL = numerical; Polygonum viviparum; leaf length</p> </li> <li> <p>pvRepH= numerical; Polygonum viviparum; plant height</p> </li> <li> <p>rgFlowerStemL = numerical; Ranunculus glacialis; flowering stem length</p> </li> <li> <p>rgLeafStemL = numerical; Ranunculus glacialis; petiole length</p> </li> <li> <p>rgLeafW = numerical; Ranunculus glacialis; leaf width</p> </li> <li> <p>rgFlowerN = integer; Ranunculus glacialis; number of flowers</p> </li> </ul> <p> </p> <p>traitGroup = factor; the group to which each trait belongs (VegHeight = vegetative height, ReprHeight = reproductive height, ReprOut = reproductive output, PhotoCap = photosynthetic capacity)</p> <p>value = numerical; value of the trait measured</p> <p>species = factor; species code (car_res = Cardamine resedifolia, ran_glac = Ranunculus glacialis, pol_viv = Polygonum viviparum, poa_alp = Poa alpina)</p> <p>transect = string; transect along which the herbarium sample was taken</p> <p>confidence = factor; reliability of the metadata associated with the herbarium sample, assigned by the authors Jaroszynska and Wipf (low, medium, high)</p> <p>northness = numerical; northness</p> <p>eastness = numerical; eastness</p> <p>observer = string; botanist who conducted the collection</p> <p>sheet = string; unique identifier for the collection sheet</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Metadata for jaroszynska_climate_traits_data.csv:</strong></p> <p>year = year; year of sample collection</p> <p>Month = integer; month of sample colection</p> <p>Temperature = numerical; monthly average temperature (ºC)</p> <p>Precipitation = numerical; monthly total precipitation (mm)</p> <p>yearMonth = string; year.month</p> <p>season = factor; season associated to the corresponding month (spring, summer, autumn, winter)</p> <p>timePeriod = factor; climate period referring to the time before, after, or during the baseline reference period (see article for further details)</p> <p>meanAnnTemp = numerical; mean annual temperature (ºC)</p> <p>sumAnnPrecip = numerical; total annual precipitation (mm)</p> <p>meanSeaTemp = numerical; mean seasonal temperature (ªC)</p> <p>sumSeaPrecip = numerical; total seasonal precipitation (mm)</p> <p>meanRefTemp = numerical; mean seasonal temperature for reference period (ªC)</p> <p>temp_anomaly = numerical; temerature anomaly from the reference period (ªC)</p> <p>lagMonths = string; used in seasonal calculation</p> <p>seasonal_precip = numerical; seasonal precipitation (mm)</p> <p>precip_anomaly = numerical; seasonal precipitation anomaly (mm)</p>
Compositional shifts of alpine plant communities across the High Andes
<p><strong>Aim</strong>: Climate change is transforming mountain summit plant communities worldwide, but we know little about such changes in the High Andes. Understanding large-scale patterns of vegetation changes across the Andes, and the factors driving these changes, is fundamental to predicting the effects of global warming. We assessed trends in vegetation cover, species richness (SR) and community-level thermal niches (CTN) and tested whether they are explained by summits' climatic conditions and soil temperature trends.</p> <p><strong>Location</strong>: High Andes</p> <p><strong>Time period</strong>: Between 2011/2012 and 2017/2019</p> <p><strong>Major taxa studied</strong>: Vascular plants</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: Using permanent vegetation plots placed on 45 mountain summits and soil temperature loggers situated along a ~6,800 km N-S gradient, we measured species and their percentage cover and estimated CTN in two surveys (intervals between 5-8 years). We then estimated the annual rate of changes for the three variables and used generalized linear models to assess their relationship with rates of change in the locally recorded soil temperatures, annual precipitation, and the minimum air temperatures of each summit.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Over time, there was an average loss of vegetation cover (mean = -0.26 %/yr), and a gain in SR across summits (mean = 0.38 species m<sup>2</sup>/yr), but most summits had significant increases in SR and vegetation cover. Changes in SR were positively related to minimum air temperature and soil temperature rate of change. Most plant communities experienced shifts in their composition by including greater abundances of species with broader thermal niches and higher optima. However, the measured changes in soil temperature did not explain the observed changes in CTN.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions</strong>: High-Andean vegetation is changing in cover and SR and is shifting towards species with wider thermal niche breadths. The weak relationship with soil temperature trends could have resulted from the short study period that only marginally captures changes in vegetation through time.</p>
Puke or poop? Comparison of regurgitate and faecal samples to infer alpine grasshopper (Paprides nitidus Hutton) diet in experimental plant communities
<p>Characterising plant-herbivore interactions is important to understanding the processes that influence community structure and ecosystem functioning. Traditional methods used to identify plant-herbivore interactions are being superseded by non-destructive molecular approaches that can infer interactions with greater resolution and accuracy from environmental DNA (e.g., faeces and regurgitate). However, few studies have compared the use of different types of samples and whether they provide similar or contrasting information about species' diet. Here we compared the success of DNA amplification and host plant species identification using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of faecal and regurgitate samples collected from alpine grasshoppers <em>Paprides</em> <em>nitidus</em> Hutton during a grassland community mesocosm experiment. We found that DNA amplification success was 23% and 86% higher for faecal than regurgitate samples from female and male grasshoppers, respectively, whereas successful host plant identification using RFLP was 9% higher for regurgitate than faecal samples. The mean number of host plant species identified per sample (1.40) did not differ between sample types or grasshopper sexes. Of the 136 paired faecal-regurgitate samples, just 41% and 74% produced exactly or partially matching host plant identifications, respectively, indicating that different sample types provided complementary information about herbivore diet. Some plant species were more likely to be identified from faecal samples than expected by chance, and this identification bias skewed towards greater representation in faecal samples for plant species with higher investment in leaf tissue. We conclude that multiple sample types may be required to fully characterise an invertebrate herbivore species' diet.</p>
The functioning of alpine grassland ecosystems: climate outweighs plant species richness
<ol> <li><span>The biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship has received significant attention in recent decades. It has been widely demonstrated that plant diversity plays a crucial role in enhancing the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. However, few studies have tested the influence of plant species richness in mediating the impacts of climate on ecosystem functions at large spatial scales. </span></li> <li><span>To address this gap, we utilized data from field surveys across broad climatic gradients at the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Our goal was to examine the importance of plant species richness for the functioning of alpine grassland ecosystems, specifically productivity and soil carbon sequestration. </span></li> <li><span>Our results showed strong positive correlations between ecosystem functioning and growing season precipitation as well as species richness. In contrast, there was a negative correlation with growing season temperature. Notably, the positive effect of growing season precipitation on ecosystem functioning outweighed the negative effect of growing season temperature. The indirect effects of growing season precipitation and temperature on ecosystem functioning through changes in species richness were weak. Furthermore, the inclusion of climate factors in the model weakened the relationships between species richness and ecosystem functioning.</span></li> <li><span><em>Synthesis</em>. Our findings demonstrate that climate factors are more important than species richness for the provisioning of ecosystem functions at large spatial scales. In summary, our study underscores the importance of considering climate factors alongside species richness when assessing ecosystem functioning across extensive geographical areas.</span></li> </ol>
Hotspots of (sub)alpine plants in the Irano-Anatolian Global Biodiversity Hotspot are insufficiently protected
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Effects of disturbance on plant regrowth along snow pack gradients in alpine habitats
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Data from: Ecosystem nitrogen retention is regulated by plant community trait interactions with nutrient status in an alpine meadow
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Puke or poop? Comparison of regurgitate and faecal samples to infer alpine grasshopper (Paprides nitidus Hutton) diet in experimental plant communities
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Data from: Climate refugia along Lake Superior’s shores: Disjunct arctic-alpine plants rely on cool shoreline temperatures but are unlikely to persist under climate warming
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Data from: Multiple global change factors alter the scaling of nitrogen to phosphorus in alpine plants
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Insect root feeders incur negative density-dependent damage across plant species in an alpine meadow
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Data from: Climate warming drives Himalayan alpine plant growth and recruitment dynamics
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Interactive effects of plant litter type and yak excrement on litter decomposition in a shrub-encroached alpine meadow
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High resolution ancient sedimentary DNA shows that alpine plant diversity is associated with human land use and climate change
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Variation in pollen limitation among reproductive modules points to likely resource reallocation in the alpine plant <em>Veratrum grandiflorum</em>
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Compositional shifts of alpine plant communities across the High Andes
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Data from: Functional traits, not productivity, predict openness to seedling recruitment in alpine plant communities under climatic warming
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Historical context modifies plant diversity–community productivity relationships in alpine grassland
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Data from: Early life history divergence mediates elevational adaptation in a perennial alpine plant
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