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6,704 results for “alterity”
Christian Alter (a1274)
<b>-- <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11582199">Documentation</a> --</b><br><br><u>Name</u>: Christian Alter<br><u>musiXplora-ID</u>: a1274<br><u>musiXplora-URI</u>: <a href="https://musixplora.de/mxp/a1274">https://musixplora.de/mxp/a1274</a><br><u>Gender</u>: m<br><u>First Mentioned</u>: 1903<br><u>Last Mentioned</u>: 1904<br><u>Sectors</u>: Instrumentenbau<br><u>Professions (Historical)</u>: Patentinhaber<br><u>Other Places of Activity</u>: New York<br><br><br><u>Arbeitsumfeld:</u><br><table><tbody><tr><th>Group</th><th>Role</th><th>Name</th><th>mXp-ID</th></tr><tr><td>KollegInnen</td><td>Kollege</td><td>William R. Verstraelen</td><td><a href="https://musixplora.de/mxp/v0643">v0643</a></td></tr></tbody></table><br><u>Patentrecht:</u><br><table><tbody><tr><th>Group</th><th>Role</th><th>Name</th><th>mXp-ID</th></tr><tr><td>ErfinderInnen</td><td>Erfinder</td><td>Patentschrift. Self-playing Zither. Anmeldedatum</td><td><a href="https://musixplora.de/mxp/5080472">5080472</a></td></tr><tr><td>ErfinderInnen</td><td>Erfinder</td><td>Patentschrift. Picking Device. Anmeldedatum</td><td><a href="https://musixplora.de/mxp/5080473">5080473</a></td></tr><tr><td>ErfinderInnen</td><td>Erfinder</td><td>Patentschrift. Picking Device for Zithers. Anmeldedatum</td><td><a href="https://musixplora.de/mxp/5080474">5080474</a></td></tr></tbody></table><br><u>Begriffe:</u><br><table><tbody><tr></tr><tr><td>Related</td><td></td><td>Zither</td><td>2001457</td></tr></tbody></table><br><u>Titel/Medien:</u><br><table><tbody><tr><th>Role</th><th>Sigel</th><th>Title</th><th>mXp-ID</th></tr><tr><td>Related</td><td>Patent US 769671</td><td>Patentschrift. Self-playing Zither. Anmeldedatum</td><td><a href="https://musixplora.de/mxp/5080472">5080472</a></td></tr><tr><td>Related</td><td>Patent US 769519</td><td>Patentschrift. Picking Device. Anmeldedatum</td><td><a href="https://musixplora.de/mxp/5080473">5080473</a></td></tr><tr><td>Related</td><td>Patent US 769518</td><td>Patentschrift. Picking Device for Zithers. Anmeldedatum</td><td><a href="https://musixplora.de/mxp/5080474">5080474</a></td></tr></tbody></table><br><br><u>Changelog</u>:<br> - v0.0.1: Initial Upload.<br>
Data set: UAS-based optical- and thermal infrared remote sensing of the fumarole field of La Fossa cone, Vulcano Island (Italy), reveals the degassing and hydrothermal alteration structure
<p>This is the data set supporting the paper "Anatomy of a fumarole field; drone remote sensing and petrological approaches reveal the degassing and alteration structure at La Fossa cone, Vulcano Island, Italy" (DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1692" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">10.5194/egusphere-2023-1692</a>).</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Short description of the study:</strong> Hydrothermal alteration is common on actively degassing volcanoes and can lead to significant changes in the physical and chemical properties of the volcanic rocks, such as changes in permeability or rock strength. Despite the potentially far-reaching consequences of hydrothermal alteration for volcano stability, less is known about the detailed structures and dynamics of degassing and alteration systems. In this study, we use UAS-derived high-resolution data to analyze the fumarole field at La Fossa cone, Vulcano Island (Italy), aiming to better understand the structures and dynamics of volcanic degassing and alteration systems. By combining Principal Component Analysis, image analysis, and classification applied to high-resolution optical data and analysis of thermal infrared data, we resolve the detailed structure of the surficial degassing and alteration system based on optical and thermal anomalies. We identified characteristic anomaly patterns that indicate local degassing and alteration variability, and larger units of diffuse activity that, next to high-temperature fumaroles, contribute significantly to the total activity. We compared the observed anomaly patterns with the mineralogical and geochemical composition of representative rock samples, and with the surface degassing activity, and are able to provide the anatomy of the La Fossa fumarole field at great resolution. We show local alteration gradients, the presence of larger diffuse active complexes, and evidence for dynamic processes associated with the hydrothermal alteration. For more details, please read on: "<em>Müller, D., Walter, T. R., Troll, V. R., Stammeier, J., Karlsson, A., De Paolo, E., ... & De Jarnatt, B. (2023). Anatomy of a fumarole field; drone remote sensing and petrological approaches reveal the degassing and alteration structure at La Fossa cone, Vulcano Island, Italy. EGUsphere, 2023, 1-45. </em> https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1692".</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Data set:</strong> We provide a UAS-based high-resolution dataset covering the whole La Fossa cone, including aerial Orthomosaic, Digital Elevation Model, and a Temperature Map derived from an airborne optical- and thermal infrared sensor (acquired in 2018 and 2019). </p> <p>The dataset is organized in 1) photogrammetric data, and 2) relevant processing results and related data. <strong>Filenames</strong> are written in bold letters and are a composite of the file type and the date (YYYYMMDD). </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>1) Photogrammetric data: </strong></p> <ul> <li><strong>Orthomosaic_20191114.tif</strong> is the in Agisoft Metashape processed orthomosaic of a 150 m (above fumarole field) optical overflight (DJI Phantom 4 Pro camera). </li> <li><strong>DigitalElevationModel_20191114.tif</strong> is the in Agisoft Metashape processed Digital Elevation Model (DEM) from the above-mentioned 150 m overflight. </li> <li><strong>Hillshade_20191114.tif</strong> is the 2.5-D representation of the DigitalElevationModel_20191114. Note, for viewing use a stretched (black to white) color scale.</li> <li><strong>TemperatureMap_20181115.tif</strong> is showing the apparent surface temperature for the La Fossa cone, acquired by a Flir Tau 2 thermal infrared camera at ~150 m (above fumarole field) flight altitude in the early morning hours (before sunrise) of 15 November 2018. Note that apparent temperatures shown may underestimate real in situ fumarole temperatures due to pixel-to-vent size ratios and atmospheric- or gas-plume distortion effects. Note further that the data has some processing artifacts, due to blind pixels of our IR camera system. For more detailed information or an updated data set please contact dmueller@gfz-potsdam.de.</li> <li><strong>T_20to40C.tif</strong> shows the diffuse thermally active surface at the fumarole field of the La Fossa cone (units a-g, see Fig. 4 in "Anatomy of a fumarole field...", https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1692). This raster shows the extracted pixels from TemperatureMap_20181115 in the range of 22 - 40 °C.</li> <li><strong>T_higher40C.tif</strong> outlines the high-temperature fumarole locations of the La Fossa fumarole field (HTF, see Fig. 4 in "Anatomy of a fumarole field...", https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1692), based on the extracted pixels with temperatures > 40 °C from TemperatureMap_20181115.</li> </ul> <p>Shapefiles for temperatures > 40 °C representing the high-temperature fumarole locations (HTF) and for temperatures of 20 - 40 °C representing diffuse active units, are attached at the end of the upload list and named <strong>T_higher40C_polygon</strong> and <strong>T_20_40C_polygon</strong> and consist of multiple files per shapefile with the file extensions .CPG, .dbf, .prj, .sbn, .sbx, .shp, .shp.xml, .shx. </p> <p>The coordinate system of the data sets is WGS84 EPSG:4326. For nadir projection use WGS 84 / UTM zone 33N - EPSG:32633. Note that the data might have horizontal and vertical offsets in the typical range of SfM-derived products with single-band GPS accuracy.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>2) Relevant processing steps and related data:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Step 1) Principal Component Analysis applied to Orthomosaic_20191114 results in the following 3 Principal Components (decorrelated variance representations of the initial RGB bands): <ul> <li><strong>1_PCA_PC1.tif </strong>1st principal component </li> <li><strong>1_PCA_PC2.tif</strong> 2nd principal component</li> <li><strong>1_PCA_PC3.tif</strong> 3rd principal component - highlights well the effects of concentrated and diffuse degassing, resulting in different alteration effects from a simple shift from reddish oxidized surface to gray, up to strong silicic alteration effects. This can be used to extract the data of interest, the hydrothermally altered surface, and to create a new alteration sub-dataset. </li> </ul> </li> <li>Step 2) Extraction of hydrothermally altered surface / alteration sub-dataset <ul> <li><strong>2_alteration_subdata_RGB.tif</strong> The alteration sub-data set was extracted from the original Orthomosaic_20191114 based on a mask obtained from Principal Component 3 (1_PCA_PC3) for values > 85. The resulting raster data set is an extract of the original RGB data.</li> </ul> </li> <li>Step 3) PCA applied to 2_alteration_subdata_RGB will adjust to the reduced spectral range of the alteration sub-data set, provide a more sensitive variance representation, and highlight variability within the hydrothermally altered surface. <ul> <li><strong>3_PCA_PC1.tif</strong> 1st principal component of 2_alteration_subdata_RGB</li> <li><strong>3_PCA_PC2.tif</strong> 2nd principal component of 2_alteration_subdata_RGB</li> <li><strong>3_PCA_PC3.tif</strong> 3rd principal component of 2_alteration_subdata_RGB</li> </ul> </li> <li>Step 4) Unsupervised classification <ul> <li><strong>4_classification.tif</strong> is the unsupervised classification result of 3_PCA (all Principal Components), classified into 32 classes to achieve a high class resolution. When combining different classes, they form larger spatial units / surface types with similar spectral characteristics. This way, we divide the alteration surface into 3 surface types (see Fig. 4B in "Anatomy of a fumarole field..." DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-2023-1692) representing different alteration gradients and important structural units. To achieve the same results, combine classes 1 -19 (surface type 3), 20 - 25 (surface type 2), 26 - 30 (surface type 1), and 31 - 32 for sulfur/fumarole plume. See Image <strong>optical_structure.jpg</strong> for comparison. </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>Note that Principal Components and Classification of Principal Components highlight data variability along the axes of highest data variance. Results have to be evaluated carefully and may be valid only locally. They are efficient for identifying variability in degassing and alteration areas, but at the same time may also highlight certain fractions of vegetation or settlements for instance. We evaluated the structure defined by our classification results by analyzing the thermal structure (<strong>thermal_structure.jpg</strong>) of the fumarole field and additional geochemical- and mineralogical investigations (XRD and XRF) of rock samples and by measuring the diffuse degassing from surface (see "Anatomy of a fumarole field..." DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-2023-1692) to prove that the observed degassing/alteration units are true.</p> <p>To highlight alteration effects throughout the entire La Fossa cone, including the southern inner and outer crater rim, the alteration zones of La Forgia, or alteration on the outer flanks of La Fossa e.g. the 1988 Landslide, we provide the raster <strong>La_Fossa_alteration.tif </strong>and image <strong>La_Fossa_alteration.jpg (</strong>Note that the color scale for strong alteration (classes 31 - 32) was changed from white to purple for highlighting purpose).</p> <p> </p> <p>In case of further questions about the dataset, please contact dmueller@gfz-potsdam.de.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Data from: Normalizing gas-chromatography–mass spectrometry data: method choice can alter biological inference
<p>Gas-Chromatography Mass Spectrometry data from European badger (<em>Meles meles</em>) sub-caudal gland secretion used in:</p> <p>Noonan, M.J., Tinnesand, H.V.,<sup> </sup>and Buesching, C.D. (2018). Normalizing gas-chromatography–mass spectrometry data: method choice can alter biological inference. BioEssays, 40(6): 0-0. DOI: 10.1002/bies.201700210.</p>
Intermittency in wind-driven surface alteration on Mars interpreted from wind streaks and measurements by InSight
<p>Shapefiles associated with the GRL publication: Intermittency in wind-driven surface alteration on Mars interpreted from wind streaks and measurements by InSight</p>
Raw data for: "Altered trophic interactions in warming climates: consequences for predator diet breadth and fitness"
<p><strong>Raw data for the article:</strong> Bestion, E, Soriano-Redondo, A, Cucherousset, J, Jacob, S, White, J, Zinger, L, Fourtune, L, Di Gesu, L, Teyssier, A, Cote, J. Altered trophic interactions in warming climates: consequences for predator diet breadth and fitness. Proceedings of the Royal Society: B. 2019. 286:20192227. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2227</p> <p><strong>This data should be cited as</strong>: Bestion, E, Soriano-Redondo, A, Cucherousset, J, Jacob, S, White, J, Zinger, L, Fourtune, L, Di Gesu, L, Teyssier, A, Cote, J (2019). Raw data for: "Altered trophic interactions in warming climates: consequences for predator diet breadth and fitness", Bestion et al 2019 Proceedings B. (Version 1). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3475402</p> <p><strong>This data is composed of</strong> one dataset with 21 columns and a README file</p> <p>Composition of the Bestion_2019_isotopy_dataset_for_zenodo.csv dataset</p> <p>- Individual: numerical index corresponding to each of the 327 individuals in the dataset<br> - Age: age class, J = juvenile (<1 year old), A = adult (1 and 2+ year old)<br> - Sex: F (female) or M (male)<br> - Climate: Present-day climate or Warm climate<br> - Enclosure: enclosure number (10 enclosures, 5 per climatic treatment)<br> - delta13C_september: stable isotope values for delta13C in september<br> - delta15N_september: stable isotope values for delta15N in september<br> - delta13C_september_corrected: stable isotope values for delta13C in september corrected for the stable isotope value of the three invertebrate prey categories<br> - delta15N_september_corrected: stable isotope values for delta15N in september corrected for the stable isotope value of the three invertebrate prey categories<br> - Prop_predator_eaten: proportion of predatory invertebrates eaten by each individual derived from the corrected stable isotope values<br> - Prop_phytophagous_eaten: proportion of phytophagous invertebrates eaten by each individual derived from the corrected stable isotope values<br> - Prop_detritivorous_eaten: proportion of detritivorous invertebrates eaten by each individual derived from the corrected stable isotope values<br> - Levins_diet_index: levins' dietary index corresponding to lizard diet specialization (with 3 = completely generalist and 1 = completely specialist lizard)<br> - Body_Size_september: lizard body size (snout-vent length in mm)<br> - Body_Mass_september: lizard body mass (in g)<br> - Body_Condition_september: lizard body condition (residuals of body mass by body size)<br> - Microbiota_shannon_index: shannon index representing gut microbial bacteria community diversity<br> - Survival_winter: survival during the winter (1 = survived, 0 = died)<br> - Abundance_predator_enclosure: abundance of predatory invertebrates within the enclosure<br> - Abundance_phytophagous_enclosure: abundance of phytophagous invertebrates within the enclosure<br> - Abundance_detitivorous_enclosure: abundance of detritivorous invertebrates within the enclosure</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Machine-Readable Vocabulary Files of the "Alter Realkatalog" (ARK) of Berlin State Library (SBB)
<p>This dataset contains two versions of vocabulary files of the <a href="https://ark.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/">ARK (Alter Realkatalog)</a> in .tsv and .ttl format used for training models for automatic subject indexing with the modular <a href="https://github.com/NatLibFi/Annif">Annif</a> tool. As the ARK is a historical classification system which has been used to describe historical works in the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Berlin State Library’s collections up to 1955, this dataset has been created for generating automatic indexing suggestions for historical texts which have not yet been manually classified with the help of the ARK (for a detailed description of the ARK, see also <a href="../doi/10.5281/zenodo.12783813">Metadata of the "Alter Realkatalog" (ARK) of Berlin State Library (SBB)</a>. Together with specific corpus training data, these vocabulary files serve as input to Annif, with which the corresponding models on <a href="https://huggingface.co/SBB">Hugging Face at the Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin – Preußischer Kulturbesitz</a> community have been created. Associated corpus training data have been extracted from the <a href="../doi/10.5281/zenodo.12783813" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Metadata of the "Alter Realkatalog" (ARK)</a> (title data).</p>
Warming of experimental plant-pollinator communities advances phenologies, alters traits, reduces interactions, and depresses reproduction
<p>This is the data set supporting the analyses performed in the article entitled "Warming of experimental plant-pollinator communities advances phenologies, alters traits, reduces interactions, and depresses reproduction", by Natasha de Manincor, Alessandro Fisogni, and Nicole E. Rafferty, published in Ecology Letters (2023, 26:323-334, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.14158">https://doi.org/10.1111/ele.14158</a>).</p> <p>The experiment has been performed in the greenhouse facilities at the University of California, Riverside, in 2021.</p> <p>The two treatments analyzed are ambient vs warmed (+ 4 °C), the focal pollinator species is <em>Osmia lignaria</em>, and the three focal plant species are <em>Collinsia heterophylla</em>, <em>Nemophila menziesii</em>, and <em>Phacelia campanularia</em>.</p> <p>Data are tab separated .txt files.</p>
Development of a spectral library for the discovery of altered genomic events in Mycobacterium avium associated with virulence using mass spectrometry-based proteogenomic analysis
<p><em>Mycobacterium avium</em> is one of the prominent disease-causing bacteria in humans. It causes lymphadenitis, chronic and extrapulmonary, and disseminated infections in adults, children, and immunocompromised patients. <em>M. avium</em> has ~4,500 predicted protein-coding regions on an average, which can be helpful in discovering several variants at the proteome level. Many of them are potentially associated with virulence, thus identifying such proteins can be a helpful feature in the development of panel-based theranostics. In line with such a long-term goal, we carried out an in-depth proteomic analysis of <em>M. avium</em> with both data-dependent and data-independent acquisition methods. Further, a set of proteogenomic investigations were carried out using the protein database for <em>Mycobacterium tuberculosis,</em> and a genome six-frame translated database and a variant protein database of <em>M. avium</em>. A search of mass spectrometry data analysis against <em>M. avium</em> protein database resulted in the identification of 2,954 proteins. Further, proteogenomic analyses aided in the identification of 1,301 novel peptide sequences and correction of translation start sites for 15 proteins. At the end, we created a spectral library of <em>M. avium</em> proteins including novel genome search-specific peptides and variant peptides detected in this study. We validated the spectral library by a data-independent acquisition of the <em>M. avium</em> proteome. Thus, we present a <em>M. avium </em>spectral library of 29,033 peptide precursors supported by 0.4 million fragment ions for further use by the biomedical community.</p>
Hydrothermally altered landslide deposits at Askja, Iceland - field data
<p>We analyze the proximal deposits of the July 21, 2014 landslide at Askja (Iceland), by combining high-resolution imagery from Unoccupied Aircraft Systems (UAS) and in-situ hyperspectral field data. Results underline that the northern part of the landslide source region is a hydrothermally altered material class, which bifurcates halfway downslope and then extends to the lake. Here we provide the field data, such as the drone derived orthomosaic and digital elevation model (DEM), as well as hyperspectral field data. For locations of the data and measurements made we refer to the publication </p> <p>Pouria Marzban, Stefan Bredemeyer, Thomas R. Walter, Friederike Kaestner, Daniel Mueller and Sabine Chabrillat (2023) Hydrothermally altered landslide deposits at Askja, Iceland, identified by high resolution satellite and UAS imagery, spectral classification and hyperspectral field data.Frontiers in Earth Science Volcanology. Manuscript ID: 1083043</p>
Altered nanoparticle uptake by lung carcinoma cells when stimulated with epidermal growth factor
<p>This dataset provides the raw data supporting the paper "Altered nanoparticle uptake by lung carcinoma cells when stimulated with epidermal growth factor". The focus of the study was to investigate the uptake of two different sizes of silica NPs and gold NPs in lung epithelial cells A549 in the presence of epidermal growth factor (EGF). </p> <p>The data set includes:</p> <ul> <li>Screening for EGF receptor using western blot and confocal microscopy (Figure 1 and Figure S1)</li> <li>Investigating expression of RAC1/CDC42 proteins upon EGF stimulation using Western blot (Figure 2)</li> <li>Investigating expression of RAC1 gene upon EGF stimulation using RT-qPCR (Figure S2)</li> <li>Evaluating uptake of endocytic markers upon EGF stimulation using confocal laser scanning microscopy (Figure 3, Figure S4) and flow cytometry (Figure 3)</li> <li>Nanoparticle characterization using TEM (Figure 4, Figure S6) and UV-Vis (Figure S5, Figure S6)</li> <li>Evaluating silica nanoparticle uptake upon EGF stimulation using confocal laser scanning microscopy (Figure 5, Figure S8) and flow cytometry (Figure 5)</li> <li>Evaluating gold nanoparticle uptake upon EGF stimulation using dark-field microscopy and ICP-AES (Figure 6)</li> <li>Investigating expression of c-MYC gene upon EGF stimulation using RT-qPCR (Figure 6)</li> <li>Cell viability results, analysed via lactate dehydrogenase assay (Figure S3) and MTS assay (Figure S9)</li> <li>Raw integrated density data from dark-field images (Figure S9)</li> </ul>
Alterations in RNA editing in skeletal muscle following exercise training in individuals with Parkinson's disease
<p>Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease behind Alzheimer’s Disease, currently affecting more than 10 million people worldwide. The progression of PD results in the loss of function due to neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. The etiology of PD is multifactorial, including both genetic and environmental origins. We explored changes in RNA editing, specifically editing through the actions of the Adenosine Deaminases Acting on RNA (ADARs), in the progression of PD. Analysis of ADAR editing of skeletal muscle transcriptomes from PD patients and controls, including those that engaged in a rehabilitative exercise training program revealed significant differences in ADAR editing patterns based on age, disease status, and following rehabilitative exercise. Further, deleterious editing events in protein coding regions were identified in multiple genes with known associations to PD pathogenesis. Our findings of differential ADAR editing complement findings of changes in transcriptional network identified by a recent Lavin et al. 2020 (<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00653">https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00653)</a> study and offer insights into dynamic ADAR editing changes associated with PD pathogenesis. VCF files were generated using AIDD (Plonski et al., 2020) (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-020-03888-6">https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-020-03888-6</a>).</p>
Comparison of occlusal dental wear and degenerative alterations of the temporomandibular joint in two medieval populations from central Europe
<p>This repository contains the radiographs of the mandibular condyles published in the paper titled "Comparison of dental status parameters and degenerative alterations of the temporomandibular joint in central European medieval skeletal finds". The radiographs were obtained with a portable X-ray unit (Kavo Nomad-Pro).</p> <p>Selected CT reconstructions of the condyles are available for a sub-group of individuals.</p> <p>Files naming convention:</p> <p>- Files name start with the burial number (ex. B10; Z98);</p> <p>- R and L stand for "right" and "left";</p> <p>- AP: anteroposterior view; LM: lateromedial view.</p>
Processed snRNA-seq data from "Divergent single cell transcriptome and epigenome alterations in ALS and FTD patients with C9orf72 mutation"
<p>Processed snRNA-seq data from "Divergent single cell transcriptome and epigenome alterations in ALS and FTD patients with C9orf72 mutation". All nuclei passed QC and were corrected for background noise using cellBender. Files are in R objects saved in RDS (R Data Serialization) format. This repo contains one Seurat v4 object and one gene-by-cell raw RNA count matrix in sparse matrix format (dgCMatrix).</p>
A hurricane alters the relationship between mangrove cover and marine subsidies in Texas, USA: 2014-2019
We experimentally manipulated black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) cover in ten large plots and over five years (2014-2019) quantified the effects of mangrove cover on subsidies of floating organic material (wrack) into coastal wetlands. We hypothesized that the change from salt marsh to mangrove vegetation would alter the permeability of the intertidal habitat, and thus alter the nature of subsidies from marine to intertidal habitats. Data from field surveys of wrack distribution showed that as mangrove cover increased from zero to 100%, wrack cover and thickness decreased by ~60%, the distance that wrack penetrated into the plots decreased by ~70%, and the percentage of the wrack trapped in the first six m of the plot tripled. Data from wrack samples indicated that wrack samples collected from the fringe were ~3 times heavier than those from the interior of plots. Animals were ~40% more abundant in samples from the interior than from the fringe of plots, but this trend was not statistically significant due to low replication of interior samples. Data from a wrack experiment revealed that animal abundance and species composition varied between the fringe and interior of the plots, and between microhabitats dominated by salt marsh versus mangrove vegetation. Increasing mangrove cover decreased the relative importance of marine subsidies into the intertidal at the plot level, but concentrated subsidies at the front edge of the mangrove stand. Storms, however, may temporarily override mangrove attenuation of wrack inputs.
Data describing how four different levels of induced plant defenses change cannibalism among larval lepidopterans and alter consumption of plant tissue by larval lepidopterans.
A dataset comprised of three experiments: Experiment 1. Data describing how four different levels of induced plant defenses change cannibalism among larval lepidopterans and alter consumption of plant tissue by larval lepidopterans. The experiment was conducted at UW-Madison in Birge Hall. Experiment 2. Data describing how two levels of induced plant defenses and two levels of food provision (presence or absence of dead conspecifics) changes cannibalism, herbivory, and growth among larval lepidopterans. Experiment 3. Data describing mass loss of tomato leaves that were clipped and allowed to dry for two days. These data are to determine estimates of natural (autogenic) weight loss due to evaporation for comparison of weight loss due to herbivory and evaporation as part of feeding trials with armyworms (see other two associated datasets in this series). The experiment was conducted at the Department of Biology at Virginia Commonwealth University.
Peeking under the canopy: anomalously short fire-return intervals alter subalpine forest understory plant communities
Changing climate and fire regimes are profoundly affecting temperate coniferous forests, driving greatly reduced tree cover postfire. However, whether similar changes are present in the understory of these forests remains less well-understood. We sampled understory plant communities in 20 plot pairs across Greater Yellowstone (Wyoming, USA) in July and August 2021, with each including one plot burned at short (<30 year) fire-return interval and one plot burned in the same most recent fire but not burned previously for >125 years. We also included 11 plot pairs meeting our definition of short- and long-interval fire that were sampled 12 years after the 1988 Yellowstone fires in summer 2000. We also used previously collected published and unpublished data to compare understory communities following recent (2016) short-interval fires to those following the previous long-interval fire in the same general area. In each plot, percent cover of understory plant species was estimated in 0.25-m2 quadrats, and species richness determined via a whole-plot sweep. Understory plant community cover, richness, and diversity did not differ by interval class, but species able to persist in drier conditions and in lower vegetation zones became more abundant following shot interval fire. Further, previously distinct understory communities following long-interval fire in two regions of Greater Yellowstone became slightly more similar following recent short-interval fire. Dissimilarity between plot pairs increased with greater historical snowfall and decreased with time since fire and postfire winter snowfall. These changes to understory plant communities may continue with ongoing shifts in climate and fire across temperate and boreal forests.
What doesn’t kill you makes you sluggish: How sublethal pesticides alter predator-prey interactions, 2004.
Pesticides commonly occur in ecological communities at relatively low concentrations, leading to growing interest in determining the sublethal effects of pesticides. Such effects should affect individuals and, in turn, alter interspecific interactions. We sought to determine how sublethal concentrations (0.1 and 1.0 mg/L) of two common pesticides (carbaryl and malathion) affected predator and prey behavior as well as subsequent predation rates. We conducted a series of experiments using three species of larval amphibians (Gray Treefrogs, Hyla versicolor; Green Frogs, Rana clamitans; and American Bullfrogs, R. catesbeiana) and three species of their predators (larval dragonflies, Anax junius; adult water bugs, Belostoma flumineum; and adult Red-spotted Newts, Notophthalmus viridescens). We found that the pesticides frequently reduced the activity of all three tadpole species. For the two invertebrate predators (Anax and Belostoma), the pesticides were lethal, precluding us from examining sublethal effects on predator–prey interactions. However, newt survival was high and the addition of the pesticides reduced the predation rates of newts in one of the three tadpole species. There were no effects of the pesticides on the striking frequency of the newts or on their prey capture efficiency. Thus, the mechanism underlying the pesticide-induced reduction in predation rates remains unclear. What is clear is that sublethal concentrations of pesticides have the potential to alter prey behavior and species interactions and thereby alter the composition of ecological communities.
Cothran, R. D., F. Radarian, and R. A. Relyea. 2011. Altering aquatic food webs with a global insecticide: Arthropod-amphibian links in mesocosms that simulate wetland communities. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 30:893-912.
Pesticides play a critical role in maximizing yields of economically important crops and minimizing the human health threats of disease-carrying pests, but they often have collateral effects on nontarget species. We used a mesocosm study to address how the most commonly used insecticide in the USA, malathion, applied at low, ecologically relevant concentrations (20 and 110 mg/L) affects species interactions in aquatic communities. Unlike many community ecotoxicology studies, our study assessed how malathion affects both consumptive and nonconsumptive effects of predators. We also considered how the vertical distribution of predator cues and malathion (caused by potential stratification) affects species interactions. We found no evidence for vertical stratification of malathion, a result suggesting that exposure to the pesticide was uniform throughout the water column. Malathion was lethal to some primary consumers (cladocerans) at both concentrations and to top predators (dragonflies) at the highest concentration (110 mg/L). These lethal effects initiated density-mediated indirect effects in both cases. Malathion also may have decreased dragonfly foraging efficiency, resulting in increased tadpole survival (trait-mediated indirect effect), which decreased the resources used by tadpoles (periphyton). Collectively, our results show that malathion alters species interactions. However, we suggest that the degree to which pesticides affect aquatic communities will depend strongly on the species composition of communities. Therefore, the community-level consequences of pesticide exposure are likely to vary across the ecological landscape.
Dataset for: Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) invasion alters greenhouse gas emissions in shallow lakes.
Climate change and invasive species are among the most important environmental problems of this century. Freshwaters are important regulators of the global carbon cycle and a key source of atmospheric greenhouse gases. However, freshwater environments may be particularly susceptible to species invasion and adverse effects, and the consequences of altered species assemblages on greenhouse gas emissions remain poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed the impact of one of the world's most damaging invasive species, the common carp, on freshwater greenhouse gas emissions. We show that lakes with invasive carp had lower methane emissions despite increased eutrophication, contradicting the well-established assumption that methane emissions from lakes increase with nutrient levels and productivity. This is likely due to substantial depletion of the benthic environment. As invasive species spread continues, new species assemblages may therefore disrupt ecosystem functioning and diverse global cycles in unexpected ways.
Groundwater dependence of riparian woodlands and the disrupting effect of anthropogenically altered streamflow
This dataset includes data inputs from public sources, scripts and outputs to evaluate riparian vegetation reliance on groundwater across California from 2015 to 2020. This dataset accompanies the Rohde et al. paper titled, Groundwater dependence of riparian woodlands and the disrupting effect of anthropogenically altered streamflow. The provided scripts process groundwater, vegetation, climate, and streamflow input data from various sources. Further, all output data and statistical analyses are included.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.