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448 results for “analogy”
FIGURE 1 in What are the best modern analogs for ancient South American mammal communities? Evidence from ecological diversity analysis (EDA)
FIGURE 1. Locations of the 179 modern ecoregions (colored areas) and the five fossil localities (stars) used in this study. Ecoregions are overlain on a grayscale global mean annual precipitation (MAP) map derived from Fick and Hijmans (2017), with lighter regions indicating areas of higher MAP and darker regions indicating areas of lower MAP. Abbreviations: LV, La Venta, Colombia; QH, Quebrada Honda, Bolivia; RU, Rümikon, Switzerland; SC, Santa Cruz, Argentina; TG, Tinguiririca, Chile.
FIGURE 7 in What are the best modern analogs for ancient South American mammal communities? Evidence from ecological diversity analysis (EDA)
FIGURE 7. Classification Tree results for CT3, biome. Abbreviations: LV, La Venta; QH, Quebrada Honda; RU, Rümikon; SC, Santa Cruz; TG, Tinguiririca.
FIGURE 5 in What are the best modern analogs for ancient South American mammal communities? Evidence from ecological diversity analysis (EDA)
FIGURE 5. Composite hierarchical cluster analysis with the positions of the five fossil localities (dagger symbols) indicated. Solid black lines indicate the results when all five fossil localities are included in the analysis; dashed black lines indicate the results when each fossil locality is analyzed individually. The position of Rümikon did not vary in the two analysis. Abbreviations: LV, La Venta; QH, Quebrada Honda; RU, Rümikon; SC, Santa Cruz; TG, Tinguiririca.
Concise Synthesis of Pseudane IX, its N-Oxide and Novel Carboxamide Analogs with Antibacterial Activity - NMR Data
<p>This archive contains raw 1H/13C FIDs and associated data in Bruker-specific format that can be viewed with Bruker’s TopSpin or other appropriate NMR processing software. The subfolders are named in accordance with the compound numbering in the associated research paper (Concise Synthesis of Pseudane IX, its N-Oxide and Novel Carboxamide Analogs with Antibacterial Activity).</p> <p>Correspondence: angelov@uni-plovdiv.bg</p>
Data study "The Impact of Augmented Reality on Biodiversity Learning in a Pedagogical Scenario Based on Analogical Reasoning: An Experimental Study"
<p>This data was collected in 2023 as part of a study on the impact of location-based AR on biodiversity education. </p>
Figure 3. Screenshot of the MQTT broker, publisher, and two subscribers.-Early Warning of Heat/Cold Waves as a Smart City Subsystem: A Retrospective Case Study of Non-anticipative Analog Methodology
<p>As it was mentioned above, IoT needs the appropriate lightweight protocols to transmit the<br> info because web-protocols (e.g. TCP) generate several times more traffic usually for IoT (e.g.<br> remote connection to the Arduino weather station). MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport)<br> and CoAP (Constrained Application Protocol) IoT protocols are mainly in use nowadays<br> (http://postscapes.com/internet-of-things-protocols). In this activity,Arduino Ethernet Shield and C#<br> console app are connected by MQTT Mosquitto open source software (http://mosquitto.org).Similar<br> work presented against https://iotguys.wordpress.com/2014/11/13/arduino-with-mqtt/.The activity<br> consists of the following steps:<br> 1. Download and installation of Mosquitto software gainst http://mosquitto.org/download/.<br> 2. Download and installation of the latest Arduino software against<br> http://arduino.cc/en/main/software.<br> 3. Development of the MQTT subscriber based on C programming language in Arduino<br> IDE.<br> 3. Development of the MQTT subscriber based on C# console app (laptop HP ProBook 650<br> G1 and Windows 10 are used) in Visual Studio.<br> Screen shot of the software is shown in Fig. 3.</p>
Figure 2. Screenshot of the Google Earth web-site's prototype on the visualization of heat/cold waves-Early Warning of Heat/Cold Waves as a Smart City Subsystem: A Retrospective Case Study of Non-anticipative Analog Methodology-
<p>A non-anticipative analog method consists of four main steps:<br> 1. Generation of the prediction rules.<br> 2. Analysis of the prediction rules. The rules with time slots, which are not concentrated at<br> the same frame, are excluded.<br> 3. Generation of possible extremes.<br> 4. Analysis of the generated possible extremes. The extremes with time slots, which do not<br> correspond to the time slots of the appropriate rules, are excluded.<br> The results of the heat/cold waves’ prediction from 2011 to 2014 at different locations<br> (places are selected randomly) are presented in Table 2.</p>
Figure 1. Azure management portal and VM with two Delphi desktop apps-Early Warning of Heat/Cold Waves as a Smart City Subsystem: A Retrospective Case Study of Non-anticipative Analog Methodology
<p><br> Nowadays, only D-Wave Systems Company produces commercially the 2nd generation<br> adiabatic quantum computer with up to 512 flux qubits (project code name ″Vesuvius″). They are<br> microscopic loops of niobium metal that are capable of quantum behavior at low temperatures.<br> Hence, electrical currents in the loops can flow in clockwise (+1) or counterclockwise (-1)<br> direction, or both, when in quantum superposition. Qubits are connected to neighbors according to<br> the topology of quantum processor. The hardware is controlled by a framework of Josephson<br> junctions that allow individual qubit values to be stored and read, and to influence the states of<br> neighboring qubits.</p>
SHI irradiated H2CO and CO2 interstellar analog ices
<p><span>Pure H</span><span>2</span><span>CO ice irradiation experiments were carried out at the Grand Accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds (GANIL, Caen, </span><span>153 </span><span>France) on the IRRSUD beamline</span><span> </span><span>with the IGLIAS setup between May 14 and 16,</span><span> </span><span>2021. The vacuum chamber was cryocooled down to a temperature of about 10 K, and held at a pressure of </span><span>∼ </span><span>5 </span><span>× </span><span>10</span><span>−</span><span>10 </span><span>mbar. Infrared spectra were collected with a Bruker Vertex 70v</span><span> </span><span>Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), operating with a HgCdTe-detector and a 1 cm</span><span>−</span><span>1 </span><span>spectral resolution. The</span><span> </span><span>angle between the spectrometer beam and the sample surface was 12</span><span>◦</span><span><span> </span></span><span>. Thin films with thicknesses of </span><span>∼ </span><span>0</span><span>.</span><span>53 </span><span>μ</span><span>m were deposited at normal incidence with a needle placed at around 15</span><span> </span><span>mm from a ZnS window. The pressure during injection was typically 10</span><span>−</span><span>7 </span><span>mbar. The deposition rate was adjusted to get a good optical quality, and the sample thickness was estimated using </span><span> </span><span>the band strengths of <span>Bouilloud et al. </span>(<span>2015</span>) and the interference fringes from the infrared spectra. H</span><span>2</span><span>CO was produced from the thermal decomposition of paraformaldehyde (Sigma Aldrich, purity 95%), heated at 100</span><span>◦</span><span>C in a homemade oven maintained under secondary vacuum (</span><span>∼ </span><span>10</span><span>−</span><span>7 </span><span>mbar). The gaseous species sputtered in the chamber were detected with a MKS Microvision 2 quadrupole mass spectrometer (QMS). The branching ratios of the species’ fragments were evaluated during their injection. Irradiations were conducted with a </span><span>86</span><span>Kr</span><span>18</span><span>+ </span><span>beam of 0.86 MeV</span><span>/</span><span>u (74 MeV) corresponding to an electronic stopping power of 2830 eV(10</span><span>15 </span><span>molecules.cm</span><span>−</span><span>2</span><span>)</span><span>−</span><span>1 </span><span>for an H</span><span>2</span><span>CO ice of 0.81 g cm</span><span>−</span><span>3 </span><span>(<span>Bouilloud et al. 2015</span>), as computed with the </span><span>SRIM-2013 </span><span>code</span><span>2 </span><span>(<span>Ziegler et al. 2010</span>). The flux was 5 </span><span>× </span><span>10</span><span>8 </span><span>ions.cm</span><span>−</span><span>2 </span><span>.s</span><span>−</span><span>1 </span><span>, and the fluence reached at the end of the experiment was 4</span><span>.</span><span>36 </span><span>× </span><span>10</span><span>12 </span><span>ions cm</span><span>−</span><span>2 </span><span>. Infrared spectra monitoring the ice composition were taken every two minutes starting from the beginning of the irra- diation. The QMS continously scanned masses from 0-80 u, with </span><span> </span><span>a scan duration of </span><span>∼ </span><span>15 s. </span></p> <p><span>Additionally, a control experiment under the same conditions was carried out in which we irradiated a </span><span>∼ </span><span>0</span><span>.</span><span>81</span><span>μ</span><span>m CO</span><span>2 </span><span>(Air Liquide, purity </span><span>≥ </span><span>99</span><span>.</span><span>998%) ice film with the same beam, corresponding to an electronic stopping power of 3290 eV (10</span><span>15 </span><span>molecules.cm</span><span>−</span><span>2 </span><span>)</span><span>−</span><span>1 </span><span>, also computed with </span><span>SRIM-2013</span><span>, for a CO</span><span>2 </span><span>density of 1.0 g.cm</span><span>3 </span><span>(<span>Satorre et al. 2008</span>). For this </span><span> </span><span>experiment, the flux varied between 1</span><span>.</span><span>1 </span><span>× </span><span>10</span><span>9 </span><span>and 2</span><span>.</span><span>1 </span><span>× </span><span>10</span><span>9 </span><span> </span><span>ions.cm</span><span>−</span><span>2</span><span>.s</span><span>−</span><span>1 </span><span>throughout the irradiation and the final fluence was 10</span><span>13 </span><span>ions.cm</span><span>−</span><span>2 </span><span>. </span></p> <p><strong><span> </span></strong></p>
Formation of NH2CHO and CH3CHO upon UV processing of interstellar ice analogs
<p>Complex organic molecules (COMs) may have played a role in the formation of life in the early Earth (Herbst & van Dishoeck (2009)). In Martin-Domenech et al. (2020) we presented the formation of NH2CHO and CH3CHO upon vacuum-ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation of CO:NH3 and CO:CH4 ice mixtures, simulating the UV processing of interstellar ices in the interior of dense clouds. We found that the conversion from NH2˙ radicals to NH2CHO is 2-16 times higher than that from CH3˙ to CH3CHO, probably due to the competing formation of larger hydrocarbons in the latter case. </p> <p>Here, we present all the infrared spectra and temperature programmed desorption data corresponding to the 30 experiments listed in the above publication. </p>
Analogical Reasoning (video recording)
<p>Video recording of the lecture "Analogical Reasoning" given on 2021-10-06 as Module 6 of <a href="https://redwood.berkeley.edu/courses/computing-with-high-dimensional-vectors">Neuroscience 299: Computing with High-Dimensional Vectors</a> at the <a href="https://redwood.berkeley.edu/">Redwood Center for Theoretical Neuroscience</a>, University of California, Berkeley.</p>
Supplementary Figures for "Patchy Forsterite Clouds in the Atmospheres of Two Highly Variable Exoplanet Analogs" (Vos+ 2023)
<p>Supplementary figures for "Patchy Forsterite Clouds in the Atmospheres of Two Highly Variable Exoplanet Analogs" (Vos et al. 2023; doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/acab58). The figures show posterior distributions from the retrievals for models that were not chosen as the preferred model. </p>
A Spectroscopic Study of Mars-Analog Materials with Amorphous Sulfate and Chloride Phases: Implications for Detecting Amorphous Materials on the Martian Surface
<p>This repository contains the raw and baseline or continuum corrected data associated with the manuscript entitled:</p> <p> A Spectroscopic Study of Mars-Analog Materials with Amorphous Sulfate and Chloride Phases: Implications for Detecting Amorphous Materials on the Martian Surface</p> <p>This work is being submitted to The Planetary Science Journal</p> <p>ABSTRACT</p> <p>The Chemistry and Mineralogy X-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument aboard the Curiosity rover has consistently identified substantial amorphous material at Gale Crater. The amorphous component is compositionally variable, but often includes elevated sulfur and iron, suggesting that amorphous ferric sulfate (AFS) may be present. Understanding the spectral changes of common Martian materials exposed to ferric sulfate brines as they desiccate to AFS is a key step in bridging the gap between simple mixing studies and analyses of complex/realistic reaction assemblages. Visible and near-infrared reflectance (VNIR), mid-infrared attenuated total reflectance (MIR, FTIR-ATR), and Raman spectra, along with XRD data are presented for basaltic glass, hematite, gypsum, nontronite, and magnesite, each at three grain sizes (<25, 25-63, and 63-180 μm), mixed with ferric sulfate alone or also with NaCl, hydrated through deliquescence, and then rapidly desiccated in 11% relative humidity or via vacuum. All desiccated products are partially or completely XRD amorphous; crystalline phases include starting materials and trace precipitates, leaving the bulk of the ferric sulfate in the amorphous fraction. Due to considerable spectral masking, the detectability of AFS is highly dependent on spectroscopic technique and the observed mineral assemblage. This has strong implications for remote and in-situ observations of Martian samples which include an amorphous component. AFS is only identifiable in VNIR spectra for magnesite, nontronite, and gypsum samples; hematite and basaltic glass samples appear similar to pure materials. Sulfate features dominate Raman spectra for nontronite and basaltic glass samples; the analog material dominates Raman spectra of hematite and gypsum samples. MIR spectra reveal all end members most clearly except for basaltic glass samples, where the analog material is almost completely masked. NaCl leads to similar FTIR-ATR and Raman features, regardless of analog material.</p> <p>Associated photographs of samples in this project can be found at:</p> <p>https://www.lionsandlamms.com/</p> <p>This research was supported by NSF award #1819209.</p>
Data from: Machine learning without a processor: Emergent learning in a nonlinear analog network
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Modeling subduction megathrust earthquake cycle: Insights from a visco-elasto-plastic analog model
<p><strong>The dataset :</strong><br> The directory DATASET.zip provides data from subduction megathrust earthquake cycle analog experiments and results described in Caniven and Dominguez (2020). The data set contains all files for displacement fields (*.grd), time series of geodetic displacement (img_dcumul*.txt) and cumulative fault slip (profil*.gmt) and a spreadsheet file (*.numbers) used in plots of Figure 3 to Figure 10 in the paper. For each figure directory, we provide an example of script (SCRIPT_gmt*.txt) that can be used to display the data using the GMT software (Global Mapping Tools). The provided scripts have been developped to be used with GMT 5.4.4. The use of other versions may require some adjustments. See header of scripts for details.</p> <p><strong>The supporting movies :</strong><br> The Movies S1 and S2 show more complete records of experiments performed at two different tectonic loading rates. They corresponds to experiments analyzed in Figure 9 of the paper. Movies S1 is the "slow" experiment and Movies S2 is the "fast" one. The time-step is 5 seconds. All components of displacements field are plotted with associated profiles.</p> <p><strong>The analog model :</strong><br> The analog model reproduces subduction earthquake cycles using a multi-layered visco-elasto-plastic rheology. This includes the ductile mantle wedge with the overlying elastic part of the lithospheric plate and a subducting elastic oceanic crust. The frictional properties along the seismogenic zone favor stick-slip behavior from the trench to the brittle-ductile transition zone beyond which stable creep is dominant. Interseismic, coseismic and postseismic phases, including after-slip and viscoelastic relaxation are well reproduced. The model generates a wide range of slip events from creep to slow-slip events to earthquakes. Results reveals that the loading rate significantly controls fault slip stability by acting on the brittle-ductile coupling and the elastic strain energy stored during the interseismic stage. Slip properties depends also on the mean normal stress imposed along the fault zone. Finally, isolated and precursory slow-slip events are observed before the dynamic failure. The fault geometrical complexity is favored to explain the richness of the observed slip behavior.</p>
Substituents isolated from analog series
<p>From ~24,000 analog series extracted from ChEMBL, more than 19,000 substituent fragments (SF) were identified. A subset of ~400 substituent fragments occurred most frequently in different compound classes (frequent SF, FSF). The entire SF/FSF collection is made available here as a part of a forthcoming publication in the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. </p>
Currently available 3D activity cliffs and 2D-analogs of 3D-cliff compounds
<p>Three dimensional activity cliffs (3D-cliffs) were systematically determined based on currently available X-ray structures in PDB. The list of all 236, 292, 595 3D-cliffs that were identified from the K<sub>i</sub>, IC<sub>50</sub>, and K<sub>i</sub>/IC<sub>50</sub> sets, respectively, is provided. In addition, on the basis of matched molecular pairs, the 2D structural analogs of 3D-cliff compounds identified from ChEMBL database (release 19) are given.</p>
Plasim dataset for manuscript titled: "Extreme heatwave sampling and prediction with analog Markov chain and comparisons with deep learning"
<p>This dataset was originally generated by running a Plasim general circulation model for 8000 years. We extract a small subset of this dataset which is only 500 years long with temperature, soil moisture and 500 hPa Geopotential extracted over the northern hemisphere above 30 North. This dataset can be used to reproduce the results in https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.09060 concerning training CNN and SWG with cross-validation length of 500 years. </p>
Data from: Stimulus dependent emergence of understanding analogical relations in budgerigars
<p>The ability for analogical reasoning, such as understanding that the relationship between two items is similar to the relationship between two other items, has long been considered to be unique to humans. Whether and to what extent non-human animals can recognize such relational analogies is still debated. We tested such abilities in two groups of budgerigars with a diverse set of item categories in which the figures of the stimuli were quite different in nature (size, color, shape, geometric type, and number). Budgerigars trained to discriminate two identical figures from the same two figures differing in size, generalized the discrimination to test stimuli belonging to the novel categories, demonstrating the spontaneous use of analogical relations. In contrast, budgerigars trained to discriminate two circles that were either the same or different in color seemed to generalize to novel stimuli by perceptual rather than conceptual similarity. The results thus demonstrate the spontaneous emergence of perceiving analogical relations in budgerigars of a nature beyond that demonstrated in previous studies of non-primate species. However, the results also show that whether budgerigars generalize a relationship by perceptual or conceptual similarity seems dependent on the nature of the training stimuli.</p>
Supplemental materials to "A Laboratory Analogy for Mixing by Shallow Cumulus Convection"
<p>These are the supplemental materials to the paper "A Laboratory Analogy for Mixing by Shallow Cumulus Convection" published in Journal of Fluid Mechanics. DOI: <span>10.1017/jfm.2025.173</span> </p> <ul> <li>code_raw_data_video_temperature.zip - The MATLAB postprocessing code, raw video, and raw temperature profile data.</li> <li>reference_exp_S3_evolution_show.mp4 - An introductory movie of the reference experiment (S3) with an illustration. </li> <li>change_heating_voltage_F1(speed_x_5.76)_F5.mp4 - A movie about experiments that change the heating power. Experiment F1 (left panel) is accelerated with a factor of 5.76.</li> <li>change_initial_thickness_T2_T4_T5_(all_speed_x_16).mp4 - A movie about experiments that change the initial thickness of the syrup layer. All experiments are accelerated with a factor of 16.</li> <li>change_syrup_concentration_S1_S3_S7_(all_speed_x_16).mp4 - A movie about experiments that change the initial syrup concentration. All experiments are accelerated with a factor of 16. </li> <li>derivation_note.pdf - A math derivation note for some equations in the manuscript.</li> </ul> <p>If you have any questions, please contact Dr. Hao Fu: haofu736@gmail.com; haofu@uchicago.edu </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.