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389 results for “ancestral”
Data from: Ancestral hybridization yields evolutionary distinct hybrids lineages and species boundaries in crocodiles, posing unique conservation conundrums
<p>Interspecific hybridization can lead to adaptation and speciation, especially in the context of recent radiations. The emblematic <em>Crocodylus</em> (true crocodiles) is the most broadly distributed, ecologically diverse, and species-rich crocodylian genus. Nonetheless, their within-species evolutionary processes are poorly resolved mainly due to their potential for hybridization. Notably, the evolutionary outcomes when hybridization is ancient and involves long-lived species, like crocodiles, remain largely unexplored. Here, we evaluate the genomic admixture between the American (<em>Crocodylus</em> <em>acutus</em>) and the Morelet's (<em>Crocodylus</em> <em>moreletii</em>) species, and demonstrate that this hybridization system challenges the definition of species boundaries and poses a triple conservation conundrum: what has been recognized as <em>C. acutus</em> is actually two distinct species, therefore its taxonomic reassessment is needed; we identified two evolutionary distinct hybrids lineages, which are genetically discernible from the parental species; the remaining <em>C. moreletii </em>populations evidence its likely extinction as a species and/or evolution via hybridization. Hence, the crocodiles' distinct species and hybrids lineages warrant recognition and need urgent conservation efforts.</p>
COJO ARG variants from "Biobank-scale inference of ancestral recombination graphs enables genealogical analysis of complex traits"
<p>These are COJO ARG variants accompanying the manuscript "Biobank-scale inference of ancestral recombination graphs enables genealogical analysis of complex traits". For more details, view the README.md file and refer to our manuscript.</p>
Data for: Induction of C4 genes during de-etiolation of Gynandropsis gynandra evolved through changes in cis allowing integration into ancestral C3 gene regulatory networks
<p>C4 photosynthesis has evolved repeatedly and in doing so repurposed existing enzymes to drive a carbon pump that limits the oxygenation reaction of RuBisCO. C4 proteins accumulate to levels matching those of the photosynthetic apparatus, and to allow this gene expression must be modified over evolutionary time. To better understand this rewiring of gene expression we undertook RNA-SEQ and <span>DNaseI</span>-SEQ on de-etiolating seedlings of C4 <em>Gynandropsis gynandra</em> which is evolutionarily proximate to C3 <em>A. thaliana</em>. Changes in chloroplast ultrastructure and C4 gene expression in <em>G. gynandra</em> were coordinated and rapid. C3 and C4 photosynthesis genes showed similar induction patterns, but C4 genes from <em>G. gynandra</em> were more strongly induced than orthologs from <em>A. thaliana</em>. The cistrome of <em>G. gynandra</em> was enriched in TGA, TCP and homeodomain binding sites. Furthermore,<em> in vivo</em> binding data in <em>G. gynandra</em> highlighted TGA and homeodomain as well as light responsive elements such as G- and I-box motifs as being associated with the rapid increase in transcripts derived from C4 genes. Although promoters of <em>PPDK</em> and <em>ASP1</em> from <em>G. gynandra</em> contained distinct light responsive elements, promoters from both <em>A. thaliana</em> and <em>G. gynandra</em> allowed high expression. Deletion analysis of the <em>Ppa6</em> gene from <em>G. gynandra</em> showed that regions containing G- and I-boxes were necessary for high expression. The data support a model in which accumulation of transcripts derived from C4 genes in leaves of <em>G. gynandra</em> is enhanced compared with homologs in <em>A. thaliana</em> because a variety of modifications in <em>cis</em> allowed integration into ancestral transcriptional networks.</p>
Evolutionary insights into Felidae iris color through ancestral state reconstruction
<p>There have been almost no studies with an evolutionary perspective on eye (iris) color, outside of humans and domesticated animals. Extant members of the family Felidae have a great interspecific and intraspecific diversity of eye colors, in stark contrast to their closest relatives, all of which have only brown eyes. This makes the felids a great model to investigate the evolution of eye color in natural populations. Through machine learning cluster image analysis of publicly available photographs of all felid species, as well as a number of subspecies, five felid eye colors were identified: brown, hazel/green, yellow/beige, gray, and blue. Using phylogenetic comparative methods, the presence or absence of these colors was reconstructed on a phylogeny. Additionally, through a new color analysis method, the specific shades of the ancestors' eyes were quantitatively reconstructed. The ancestral felid population was predicted to have brown-eyed individuals, as well as a novel evolution of gray-eyed individuals, the latter being a key innovation that allowed the rapid diversification of eye color seen in modern felids, including numerous gains and losses of different eye colors. It was also found that the loss of brown eyes and the gain of yellow/beige eyes is associated with an increase in the likelihood of evolving round pupils, which in turn influence the shades present in the eyes. Along with these important insights, the unique methods presented in this work are widely applicable and will facilitate future research into phylogenetic reconstruction of color beyond irises.</p>
Fig.3 in A global phylogeny of butterflies reveals their evolutionary history, ancestral hosts and biogeographic origins
Fig.3 | Relativemeandispersalratesofbutterfliesbetweenbioregions. Numbersbesideeacharrowareaverageratesfrom 1,000 simulationsusing biogeographicstochasticmappingin BioGeoBEARS. Thesenumbersweredividedby 100 foreaseof comparison (rawvaluescanbefoundin Supplementary Data 5). E., Eastern;W., Western.
Fig. 1 in A global phylogeny of butterflies reveals their evolutionary history, ancestral hosts and biogeographic origins
Fig. 1 | Evolutionaryrelationshipsanddiversificationpatternsofbutterflies. Time-calibratedtreeof 2,244 butterflyspeciesbasedon 391 loci and 150 amino acidpartitions.Branchesshowdistinctchangesindiversification (circles) asestimatedbyclade-specificmodels.Lettersatnodesrefertocladeswith significantrateshifts (seesection 6 of Supplementary Results).Colouredlines intheouterringbesidetipsindicateassociationwithoneof the 13 hostmodules (seesection 17 of Extended Online Methods).Blacklinesinthehostassociation ringindicatespecieswithoutdata,andasterisksdenotenon-monophyletic subfamilies.Supplementary Fig. 1 showsthistreewithvisiblespeciesnamesand agesforallnodes.
Fig. 2 in A global phylogeny of butterflies reveals their evolutionary history, ancestral hosts and biogeographic origins
Fig. 2 | Distributionofbutterfliesovertime. Bioregionshadingindicatesthenumberofbutterflylineagesthatwereassociatedwiththatbioregionduringthattime period,asdeterminedby BioGeoBEARSancestralstatereconstruction.Eachmapcorrespondstoa 15-Maintervalofbutterfly evolution.Resultsarebasedon data fromthisstudy.
An ancestral dual function of OmpM as outer membrane tether and nutrient uptake channel in diderm Firmicutes
<p>Trajectories, run input files, and custom analysis script for simulations described in the article:<strong> An ancestral dual function of OmpM as outer membrane tether and nutrient uptake channel in diderm Firmicutes</strong> (Silale <em>et al, </em>2023). </p> <p>Preprint: https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.08.14.552755 </p>
Interactive effects of immediate and ancestral salt stress on fitness in duckweed
<p><em>Premise of Research</em></p> <p>Organisms that reproduce asexually must respond to abiotic stresses in their environment while contending with the potential disadvantage of the reduced ability for genetic variation through recombination. Common duckweed (<em>Lemna minor</em>) is an aquatic plant that reproduces predominantly asexually through the budding of ramets. As a freshwater plant, duckweed experiences stress from salt (e.g., NaCl), which detrimentally affects growth, photosynthesis, and cellular processes. We took a demographic approach to examine whether ancestral exposure to salt stress affects the ability of duckweed offspring to tolerate immediate exposure to the same stress.</p> <p><em>Methodology</em></p> <p>We placed three consecutive clonal generations of duckweed in an environment with 2 g L<sup>-1</sup> NaCl (non-lethal salt stress) or 0 g L<sup>-1</sup> NaCl (control), followed by an additional 0-3 generations in the control environment to vary the presence and schedule of ancestral stress. After these treatments, we used the offspring produced as focal plants for the experiment. Half were placed into the salt-stress environment, and half were placed in control conditions, and focal plants were tracked longitudinally.</p> <p><em>Pivotal Results</em></p> <p>Immediate stress decreased fitness, due to a slowing of reproduction, suggesting a cost of stress tolerance. The effects of ancestral stress, and the interaction of immediate and ancestral stress, were more complex. Specifically, recent ancestral stress induced plants to produce offspring more quickly, but with the potential cost of lowered offspring quality.</p> <p><em>Conclusions</em></p> <p>Our results amplify findings that responses to, and fitness consequences of, current stressors can be contingent on past exposure.</p>
Ancestral origin and structural characteristics of non-syntenic homologous chromosomes in abalones (<em>Haliotis</em>)
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Data from: View invariant representations in ancestral cortex
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Identifying climatic drivers of hybridization with a new ancestral niche reconstruction method
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Interactive effects of immediate and ancestral salt stress on fitness in duckweed
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Data from: Ancestral hybridization yields evolutionary distinct hybrids lineages and species boundaries in crocodiles, posing unique conservation conundrums
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Evolutionary insights into Felidae iris color through ancestral state reconstruction
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Data for: Induction of C4 genes during de-etiolation of Gynandropsis gynandra evolved through changes in cis allowing integration into ancestral C3 gene regulatory networks
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Chronogram or phylogram for ancestral state estimation? Model-fit statistics indicate the branch lengths underlying a binary character’s evolution: R scripts and simulated trees
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Data from: Current ecology, not ancestral dispersal patterns, influences menopause symptom severity
<p>All human females who reach midlife experience menopause, however, it is currently unclear why women experience this period of infertility, and why it is accompanied by many unpleasant symptoms. Using primary data from four ethnic groups in China, we test an existing theory that age of menopause and its symptoms are the result of intragenomic conflict between maternally and paternally inherited genes, with the outcome of such conflict predicted to be contingent on the ancestral post-marital residence pattern of the female (Úbeda et al., 2014). The model predicts that being ancestrally patrilocal results in less intragenomic conflict, causing a shorter, less symptomatic peri-menopause that terminates in a later menopause. Our findings show no support for this hypothesis, and suggest current, rather than ancestral, residence patterns better predict aspects of the menopausal transition. Furthermore, current patrilocality when compared to duolocality is associated with more severe menopause symptoms, which may be due to sexual, rather than intragenomic, conflict.</p>
Determinate growth is predominant and likely ancestral in squamate reptiles
<p>Body growth is typically thought to be indeterminate in ectothermic vertebrates. Indeed, until recently, this growth pattern was considered to be ubiquitous in ectotherms. Our recent observations of a complete growth plate cartilage (GPC) resorption, a reliable indicator of arrested skeletal growth, in many species of lizards clearly reject the ubiquity of indeterminate growth in reptiles and raise the question about the ancestral state of the growth pattern. Using X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT), here we examined GPCs of long bones in three basally branching clades of squamate reptiles, namely in Gekkota, Scincoidea, and Lacertoidea. A complete loss of GPC, indicating skeletal growth arrest, was the predominant finding. Using a dataset of 164 species representing all major clades of lizards and the tuataras, we traced the evolution of determinate growth on the phylogenetic tree of Lepidosauria. The reconstruction of character states suggests that determinate growth is ancestral for the squamate reptiles (Squamata) and remains common in the majority of lizard lineages, while extended (potentially indeterminate) adult growth evolved several times within squamates. Although traditionally associated with endotherms, determinate growth is coupled with ectothermy in this lineage. These findings combined with existing literature suggest that determinate growth predominates in both extant and extinct amniotes.</p>
Data from: Opsin genes of select treeshrews resolve ancestral character states within Scandentia
Treeshrews are small, squirrel-like mammals in the order Scandentia, which is nested together with Primates and Dermoptera in the superordinal group Euarchonta. They are often described as living fossils, and researchers have long turned to treeshrews as a model or ecological analogue for ancestral primates. A comparative study of colour vision-encoding genes within Scandentia found a derived amino acid substitution in the long-wavelength sensitive opsin gene (OPN1LW) of the Bornean smooth-tailed treeshrew (Dendrogale melanura). The opsin, by inference, is red-shifted by ca. 6 nm with an inferred peak sensitivity of 561 nm. It is tempting to view this trait as a novel visual adaptation; however, the genetic and functional diversity of visual pigments in treeshrews is unresolved outside of Borneo. Here we report gene sequences from the northern smooth-tailed treeshrew (Dendrogale murina) and the Mindanao treeshrew (Tupaia everetti, the senior synonym of Urogale everetti). We found that the opsin genes are under purifying selection and that D. murina shares the same substitution as its congener, a result that distinguishes Dendrogale from other treeshrews, including T. everetti. We discuss the implications of opsin functional variation in light of limited knowledge about the visual ecology of smooth-tailed treeshrews.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.