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1,445 results for “attenuation”
Data from: Increased precipitation attenuates shrub encroachment by facilitating herbaceous growth in a Mongolian grassland
<p>Widespread shrub encroachment is profoundly impacting the structures and functions of global drylands, and precipitation change is assumed to be one of the most critical factors affecting this phenomenon. However, there is little evidence to show how precipitation changes will affect the process. In this study, we conducted a 6-year precipitation manipulation experiment (-30%, ambient, +30%, and +50%) to investigate the effects of precipitation changes on the growth of shrubs and herbaceous plants in a shrub-encroached grassland in Inner Mongolia. We found that the increasing precipitation significantly increased the mean height, coverage, and aboveground biomass of herbaceous species, while the growth of shrub species did not exhibit a significant response to precipitation changes. With increasing precipitation, the relative coverage of shrubs decreased, while that of herbs increased. The native dominant herbaceous plant (Leymus chinensis) with more sensitive maximum photosynthetic rate to the precipitation change, showed higher photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency and water use efficiency than those of the encroached shrub species (Caragana microphylla) at high soil moisture contents, reflecting that the ecophysiological characteristics of L. chinensis might provide it a competitive advantage under increased precipitation. Our findings suggest that increasing precipitation may slow down shrub encroachment by facilitating herbaceous growth in Mongolian grasslands, and consequently affect the forage value and carbon budget in these ecosystems. </p>
Code and data repository for the role of topography, geotechnical layering, and attenuation on ground motion prediction
<p>Data and scripts to reproduce research on the influence of topography, geotechnical layer, and attenuation on ground motion prediction in Salton Trough.</p>
Local body-wave attenuation dataset and models for VoiLA experiment
<p>Supplementary dataset to "Slab to back-arc to arc: fluid and melt pathways through the mantle wedge beneath the Lesser Antilles" by Stephen P. Hicks et al.</p> <p>This archive contains:</p> <ul> <li>the working directory and output for the t* spectral inversions of P- and S-wave data ("output_PS_WL30_usestacorr_fc1.zip".</li> <li>The 3-D tomographic output ("vel_Q_antilles_scatter.csv") interpolated onto a 4x4x4km grid.</li> </ul>
Separation of Intrinsic and Scattering Seismic Wave Attenuation in the Crust of Central and South-Central Alaska
<p>This dataset provides essential support for understanding the study and includes all necessary files for anyone wishing to reproduce any of the results</p>
Data for "A nanoindentation study of attenuation in geological materials" - quartz, halite, olivine and PMMA
<p>Dataset for forced oscillations experiments with the nanoindenter for halite, pmma, olivine and quartz. The files are *.pkl format (pickle) and can be accessed with the "pickle" library in python. The name of each file contains: the name of the tested material, the oscillation period in seconds, the test number (multiple tests for each period). The oscillation amplitude is 10% of the test's load "P", unless stated otherwise - for example: A20 means that the amplitude is 20% of the load in that test. </p> <p>Each file contains the following columns: experiment time (in seconds), load (in mN), displacement of the indenter tip (in nm) and may or may not contain the indentation hardness H (in GPa) from the continuous stiffness measurement method - wich is not required for the calculation of attenuation.</p> <p>For any questions please contact Nir Badt.</p>
Attenuation of Seismic Waves and Ground Motion Model of the Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland
<p>Events.csv - Location of used events</p> <p>Amplit_A_HOR.csv, Amplit_A_VER.csv - Acceleration amplitudes (Horizonlat/Vertical) and parameters of inversion</p> <p>Amplit_V_HOR.csv, Amplit_V_VER.csv - Velocity amplitudes (Horizonlat/Vertical) and parameters of inversion</p> <p>Amplit_D_HOR.csv, Amplit_D_VER.csv - Displacement amplitudes (Horizonlat/Vertical) and parameters for inversion</p> <p><br><br></p> <p> </p>
TGF-β neutralization attenuates tumor residency of activated T cells to enhance systemic immunity in mice
<p>Deep TCR sequencing was performed using the TCR Profiling Kit from MiLaboratories (Mouse α/β TCR RNA; Kit MiLaboratories; TMMR-001). Deep TCR sequencing was analyzed using the MiXCR software from MiLaboratories per manufacturer's recommendations. The files correspond to the TCR-beta sequences.<br>The files are named as follows:</p> <p> </p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>file_name</td> <td>cell type sequenced</td> <td>tissue of origin</td> <td>treatment</td> <td>mouse_id</td> </tr> <tr> <td>21BA1dLN.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>tumor-draining lymph node</td> <td>bintrafusp alpha</td> <td>1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>23BA2dLN.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>tumor-draining lymph node</td> <td>bintrafusp alpha</td> <td>2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>25BA3dLN.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>tumor-draining lymph node</td> <td>bintrafusp alpha</td> <td>3</td> </tr> <tr> <td>27BA4dLN.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>tumor-draining lymph node</td> <td>bintrafusp alpha</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>29BA5dLN.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>tumor-draining lymph node</td> <td>bintrafusp alpha</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>22BA1SP.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>spleen</td> <td>bintrafusp alpha</td> <td>1</td> </tr> <tr> <td>24BA2SP.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>spleen</td> <td>bintrafusp alpha</td> <td>2</td> </tr> <tr> <td>26BA3SP.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>spleen</td> <td>bintrafusp alpha</td> <td>3</td> </tr> <tr> <td>28BA4SP.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>spleen</td> <td>bintrafusp alpha</td> <td>4</td> </tr> <tr> <td>30BA5SP.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>spleen</td> <td>bintrafusp alpha</td> <td>5</td> </tr> <tr> <td>31CON1dLN.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>tumor-draining lymph node</td> <td>control</td> <td>6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>33CON2dLN.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>tumor-draining lymph node</td> <td>control</td> <td>7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>35CON3dLN.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>tumor-draining lymph node</td> <td>control</td> <td>8</td> </tr> <tr> <td>37CON4dLN.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>tumor-draining lymph node</td> <td>control</td> <td>9</td> </tr> <tr> <td>39CON5dLN.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>tumor-draining lymph node</td> <td>control</td> <td>10</td> </tr> <tr> <td>32CON1SP.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>spleen</td> <td>control</td> <td>6</td> </tr> <tr> <td>34CON2SP.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>spleen</td> <td>control</td> <td>7</td> </tr> <tr> <td>36CON3SP.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>spleen</td> <td>control</td> <td>8</td> </tr> <tr> <td>38CON4SP.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>spleen</td> <td>control</td> <td>9</td> </tr> <tr> <td>40CON5SP.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>spleen</td> <td>control</td> <td>10</td> </tr> <tr> <td>1aPDL11dLN.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>tumor-draining lymph node</td> <td>anti-PDL1 antibody</td> <td>11</td> </tr> <tr> <td>3aPDL12dLN.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>tumor-draining lymph node</td> <td>anti-PDL1 antibody</td> <td>12</td> </tr> <tr> <td>5aPDL13dLN.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>tumor-draining lymph node</td> <td>anti-PDL1 antibody</td> <td>13</td> </tr> <tr> <td>7aPDL14dLN.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>tumor-draining lymph node</td> <td>anti-PDL1 antibody</td> <td>14</td> </tr> <tr> <td>9aPDL15dLN.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>tumor-draining lymph node</td> <td>anti-PDL1 antibody</td> <td>15</td> </tr> <tr> <td>2aPDL11SP.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>spleen</td> <td>anti-PDL1 antibody</td> <td>11</td> </tr> <tr> <td>4aPDL12SP.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>spleen</td> <td>anti-PDL1 antibody</td> <td>12</td> </tr> <tr> <td>6aPDL13SP.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>spleen</td> <td>anti-PDL1 antibody</td> <td>13</td> </tr> <tr> <td>8aPDL14SP.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>spleen</td> <td>anti-PDL1 antibody</td> <td>14</td> </tr> <tr> <td>10aPDL15SP.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>spleen</td> <td>anti-PDL1 antibody</td> <td>15</td> </tr> <tr> <td>11aTGFB1dLN.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>tumor-draining lymph node</td> <td>anti-TGF-beta antibody</td> <td>16</td> </tr> <tr> <td>13aTGFB2dLN.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>tumor-draining lymph node</td> <td>anti-TGF-beta antibody</td> <td>17</td> </tr> <tr> <td>15aTGFB3dLN.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>tumor-draining lymph node</td> <td>anti-TGF-beta antibody</td> <td>18</td> </tr> <tr> <td>17aTGFB4dLN.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>tumor-draining lymph node</td> <td>anti-TGF-beta antibody</td> <td>19</td> </tr> <tr> <td>19aTGFB5dLN.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>tumor-draining lymph node</td> <td>anti-TGF-beta antibody</td> <td>20</td> </tr> <tr> <td>12aTGFB1SP.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>spleen</td> <td>anti-TGF-beta antibody</td> <td>16</td> </tr> <tr> <td>14aTGFB2SP.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>spleen</td> <td>anti-TGF-beta antibody</td> <td>17</td> </tr> <tr> <td>16aTGFB3SP.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>spleen</td> <td>anti-TGF-beta antibody</td> <td>18</td> </tr> <tr> <td>18aTGFB4SP.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>spleen</td> <td>anti-TGF-beta antibody</td> <td>19</td> </tr> <tr> <td>20aTGFB5SP.clones_TRB.tsv</td> <td>T cells</td> <td>spleen</td> <td>anti-TGF-beta antibody</td> <td>20</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>
Comparative Study of Intravenous Esmolol & Magnesium Sulphate in Attenuating Hemodynamic Response during Laryngoscopy & Endotracheal Intubation in Patients Undergoing Valvular Heart Surgery: a Randomised Clinical Trial
<p>The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of esmolol & magnesium sulphate in attenuating the hemodynamic response<br> to endotracheal intubation and to note any signifi cant side effects caused by these drugs.<br> Background: Induction with endotracheal intubation in patients undergoing valvular heart replacement pose lot of hemodynamic<br> variations. Obtunding hemodynamic response which can be deleterious in such patients pose a challenge to the cardiac anaesthetist. We<br> hypothesized that using esmolol as compared to magnesium sulphate will attenuate the hemodynamic response during laryngoscopy &<br> endotracheal intubation in patients undergoing valvular heart replacement.<br> Methods: This was a double blind, randomised, single centre, interventional, prospective study. In this study 96 patients were divided<br> into two groups with 48 patients each (n = 48) by sealed enveloped method of randomisation. Group E received esmolol 1.5 mg/ kg i.v<br> and Group M received magnesium sulphate 50 mg/ kg i.v each diluted in normal saline to make up a volume of 50 ml & given via infusion<br> slowly over 5 minutes by a burette set. Hemodynamic parameters like Heart Rate (HR), Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP), Systolic Blood<br> Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP) at baseline, 5 minutes after premedication, just before intubation 3, 5, 10 & 15 minutes<br> post intubation were recorded. The last observation at the end of 15 minutes post intubation was considered as the end of study.<br> Results: All the enrolled patients were analyzed. The esmolol group showed a decrease in the H.R from baseline (86.13 ± 15.87)<br> as compared to magnesium sulphate (98.51 ± 16.81 with a 95% CI, 4.62-4.69, p value < 0.001) 5 minute after premedication. There was<br> statistically signifi cant difference in H.R between both groups 5 minutes after drug administration.<br> Conclusion: Administration of esmolol before intubation in valvular heart patients undergoing valve replacement surgery controls the<br> hemodynamic response much better as compared to magnesium sulphate.</p>
Attenuation of chronic T cell responses through constitutive COX2-dependent prostanoid synthesis by lymph node fibroblasts
<p>Raw data (in microsoft excel format) which were used to generate the figures in this manuscript. One worksheet per figure.</p>
Data and code for: Cellular-resolution optogenetics reveals attenuation-by-suppression in visual cortical neurons
<p>Data and accompanying analysis code to generate main figures from "Cellular-resolution optogenetics reveals attenuation-by-suppression in visual cortical neurons" in PNAS.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Attenuating surface gravity waves with mechanical metamaterials
<p>Videos showing simulations of one or more submerged oscillators attenuating surface gravity waves, related to the publication </p> <p><a href="https://aip.scitation.org/author/de+Vita%2C+F">F. De Vita</a><em>, </em><a href="https://aip.scitation.org/author/de+Lillo%2C+F">F. De Lillo</a><em>, </em><a href="https://aip.scitation.org/author/Bosia%2C+F">F. Bosia</a><em>, and </em><a href="https://aip.scitation.org/author/Onorato%2C+M">M. Onorato</a>, "Attenuating surface gravity waves with mechanical metamaterials", Physics of Fluids 33, 047113 (2021) <a href="https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0048613">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0048613</a></p> <p>Also included are Data relative to Figs. 3, 5, 6, 8 and gnuplot scripts to generate the figures.</p>
Exercise training prior to manifestation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in mice attenuates expression of pro-fibrotic genes - supplementary information
<p>Supplementary data for research article titled "Exercise training prior to manifestation of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in mice attenuates expression of pro-fibrotic genes"</p>
Yogurt supplementation attenuates insulin resistance in obese mice by reducing metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation
<p><strong>Background</strong></p> <p>Inflammation is an underlying mechanism for development of obesity-related health complications. Yogurt consumption inhibits obesity-associated inflammation, but the tissue-specific mechanisms have not been adequately described.</p> <p><strong>Objectives</strong></p> <p>We aimed to determine the tissue-specific responses by which yogurt supplementation inhibits inflammation.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>C57BL/6 male mice (5 weeks old) were fed a Teklad Global 14% Protein Rodent Maintenance diet as a control or a high-fat diet (60% calories from fat) to induce obesity for 11 weeks, followed by feeding a Western diet (WD; 43% carbohydrate & 42% fat) or WD supplemented with 5.6 % lyophilized yogurt powder for 3 weeks to test for the impact of yogurt supplementation. Markers of metabolic endotoxemia and inflammation were assessed in plasma and tissues. Cecal and fecal microbiota were profiled by 16S rRNA sequencing.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>In obese mice, relative to the WD control group, yogurt supplementation attenuated HOMA-IR by 57%) (p=0.020), plasma TNF-a by 31% (p<0.05) and colonic IFN-g by 46% (p=0.0034), which were accompanied by a 40% reduction in plasma LBP (p=0.0019) and 45% less colonic <em>Lbp</em> expression (p=0.037), as well as alteration in the beta diversity of cecal microbiota (p=0.0090) and relative abundance of certain cecal microbes (e.g., <em>Lachnospiraceae Dorea longicatena</em> with p=0.049). There were no differences in the LBP, <em>Lbp</em>, and <em>Cd14</em> levels in the liver and small intestine between obese mice with and without yogurt supplementation (p>0.05).</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p> <p>Yogurt consumption inhibited obesity-induced inflammation in mice by modulating colonic endotoxin detoxification, changing the gut microbiota, and improving glucose metabolism. This work helps to establish the underlying mechanisms by which yogurt consumption affects markers of metabolic and immune health.</p>
Underwater light attenuation inhibits native submerged plants and facilitates the invasive co-occurring plant Cabomba caroliniana
<p><span>Decreasing in the diversity and distribution of native submerged plants have been widely observed in recent decades. Global underwater darkening, which is mainly caused by radiation dimming and a decrease in transparency due to e.g. eutrophication, </span><span>has emerged as a general trend that strongly hampers the growth of submerged plants in lakes by decreasing the light available for photosynthesis. However, few studies have attempted to compare the responses of native and invasive submerged plants to underwater darkening. In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of light attenuation on the growth and photosynthesis traits of native and invasive submerged plants.</span></p>
Transgenerational coexistence history attenuates negative direct interactions and strengthens facilitation
<p>Data set for the study <strong>Transgenerational coexistence history attenuates negative direct interactions and strengthens facilitation</strong></p>
Data from: Prediction of three years of annual rain attenuation statistics at Ka-band in French Guiana using the Numerical Weather Prediction model WRF
<p><span>This study highlights the interest in using an Atmospheric Numerical Simulator (ANS) relying on a high-resolution weather forecast model coupled with an ElectroMagnetic Module (EMM) to compute Ka-band rain attenuation statistics in an equatorial region. An optimization of the parametrisation of the Weather Research and Forecasting meteorological model (WRF) is carried out using measurements collected from a propagation experiment carried out by CNES and ONERA near Kourou in French Guiana. Both simulated and experimental annual Complementary Cumulative Distribution Functions (CCDF) of rain attenuation are presented in this dataset.</span></p> <p>More specifically, this dataset includes the statistical distribution from both the WRF-EMM model and from the propagation experiment for the years 2017, 2018, 2020 and the whole three-year period.</p>
Intrinsic TGF-b Signaling Attenuates Proximal Tubule Mitochondrial Injury and Inflammation in Chronic Kidney Disease
<p>Bulk RNA sequencing processed count files for the article titled "Intrinsic TGF-b Signaling Attenuates Proximal Tubule Mitochondrial Injury and Inflammation in Chronic Kidney Disease", by Nlandu Khodo et al., in review. </p> <p>Corresponding GEO submission can be found here: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE225545 </p>
Effects of plant traits and ecosystem properties on wave attenuation and soil carbon content
<p><span>Understanding</span><span> the</span><span> relationships among the environment, species traits and ecosystem properties is important </span><span>for developing</span><span> management measures </span><span>that optimize</span><span> the delivery of ecosystem services (</span><span>ESs</span><span>). Here, we identify the most important relationships responsible for the delivery of two key </span><span>ESs</span><span> provided by tidal marshes: (1) nature-based shoreline protection through wave attenuation and (2) mitigation of climate change through soil carbon storage. In two tidal zones below and above the mean high water (MHW, Elbe Estuary, Germany) level, we measured environmental parameters, such as soil salinity and inundation, as well as plant traits representing adaptations to hydrodynamic stress and strongly influencing decomposition rates.</span></p> <p><span>Multiple linear regression</span> <span>results showed that wave attenuation rates were positively related to aboveground community biomass and stem bending resistance, and soil organic carbon was positively related to stem-specific density (below the MHW level). In the tidal zone above the MHW level, soil carbon density was governed by inundation duration and decomposition rates.</span></p> <p><span>Our study highlights that (1) ES</span> <span>delivery is not equally spread across tidal marshes and (2) ecosystem management should stimulate the development and persistence of habitat diversity (here</span><span>,</span><span> low and high marsh zones)</span> <span>to maximize ES delivery potential. Securing the delivery of the two studied ESs under climate change will depend on providing suitable (</span><span>landward</span><span>) space to sustain the functioning of the two marsh zones. In the studied marshes, these services are highly dependent on a few species (i.e., wave attenuation on <em>Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani</em> and <em>Bolboschoenus maritimus</em> and carbon storage on <em>Phragmites australis</em>)</span><span>,</span><span> and as such</span><span>,</span><span> current and future ESs strongly depend on specific species' responses to changing environmental conditions.</span></p>
Call attenuation data of three frog species in tree plantations and a native forest in southern Brazil
<p><span>Call transmission is influenced by the acoustics of the propagation environment, including vegetation. Thus, forestry monocultures of non-native trees represent artificial environments that could modify call transmission. These monocultures have substituted large areas of the Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil, representing a conservation challenge. Considering this context, we hypothesized that anurans have calls less attenuated in their native environment than in forest plantations. To test it, we performed sound transmission experiments using calls of three anuran species native to southern Brazil: </span><em><span>Boana bischoffi</span></em><span>, </span><em><span>B. leptolineata</span></em><span>, and </span><em><span>Hylodes meridionalis</span></em><span>. We compared sound attenuation between the native forest and forestry monocultures (</span><em><span>Eucalyptus</span></em><span><em> sp</em>. and </span><em><span>Pinus</span></em><span><em> sp.</em> forests), and included distance from the sound source, air temperature, humidity, and vegetation density as co-factors in linear mixed models.</span></p>
Data for microseismic wave attenuation calculation in two rock engineering
<p>Microseismic monitoring data for two rock engineering are included. These are the Hanjiang-to-Weihe River Diversion Project (HWRDP) in Shaanxi Province, China and the Yebatan Hydropower Station (YHS) which is located in the upper reaches of the Jinsha River at the junction of Sichuan Province and Tibet, China.</p> <p>The dataset consists of the raw waveform data used for attenuation calculations, as well as some necessary parameter datasheets, such as phase arrival time, sensor coordinates, etc.</p>
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