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67 results for “carbon deposition”
Soil carbon: Long-Term Nitrogen Deposition: Population, Community, and Ecosystem Consequences
The purpose of this experiment is to measure how adding nitrogen over a long time will affect the number of species, the type of species present, the amount of annual growth, and the change from year to year in the growth of each species in a plant community which is also relieved of grazing by large and small mammals. The experiment is being conducted within fields (A, B, C, and D) which were initially low in soil nutrients. There are 8 different levels of nitrogen addition with other nutrients added to ensure that nitrogen remains the limiting nutrient, and a control which receives no nutrients. There are 6 replicates of the 9 treatments in fields A, B, and C and 5 replicates in field D. The treatments were randomly assigned to the plots. In fields A, B, and C the plots are in 6 by 9 grids and are 4 by 4 meters in size with 1 meter aisles between plots. In field D the plots are 1.5 by 4 meters and are placed in a 3 by 17 grid. The plots are enclosed by a fence to keep out mammalian herbivores. Gophers are trapped and removed as they appear. Nitrogenfertilizer (NH4NO3) is applied twice per year, once in early May and once in late June. This experiment was begun in 1982 by David Tilman.
Dataset: The role of long-term hydrodynamic evolution in the accumulation and preservation of organic carbon-rich deposits in the shelf seas
<p>Output files from harmonic analysis of regional tidal model, glacial isostatic adjustment model input and output (relative sea level and ice sheet extent datasets), and scripts for figure generation.</p> <p>If using these data, please cite: </p> <p><strong>Ward, S.L., Bradley, S.L., Roseby, Z.A., Wilmes, S.B., Vosper, D.F., Roberts, C.M. and Scourse, J.D., 2025. The role of long‐term hydrodynamic evolution in the accumulation and preservation of organic carbon‐rich shelf sea deposits. <em>Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans</em>, <em>130</em>(4), p.e2024JC022092. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC022092">https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC022092</a></strong></p> <p> </p>
Kintsugi Imaging of Battery Electrodes: Distinguishing Pores from the Carbon Binder Domain using Pt Deposition (Data)
<p>Figures and data files used to construct the figures in the 2022 paper "Kintsugi Imaging of Battery Electrodes: Distinguishing Pores from the Carbon Binder Domain using Pt Deposition."</p> <p> </p>
Deposition of amorphous carbon at different energies modeled with GAP
<p>These videos show the simulated deposition, one atom at a time, of amorphous carbon (a-C) films. The system is equilibrated to 300 K after each impact and before the next deposition event. Different deposition energies are simulated, from 1 eV to 100 eV. The atoms are deposited onto a preexisting diamond substrate, shown in the 60 eV video; after 2500 depositions at 60 eV, the generated a-C film is used as template to deposit all the other films. The interatomic interactions are modeled with the a-C GAP of Deringer and Csányi [Phys. Rev. B <strong>95</strong>, 094203 (2017)] interfaced through LAMMPS [http://lammps.sandia.gov]. The visualization is carried out with VMD [http://www.ks.uiuc.edu/Research/vmd] using Axel Kohlmeyer's TopoTools [DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.545655]. For further information, refer to Phys. Rev. Lett. <strong>120</strong>, 166101 (2018) and Phys. Rev. B <strong>102</strong>, 174201 (2020). Funding from the Academy of Finland (grants 310574 and 285526) and computational resources from CSC [http://www.csc.fi] are acknowledged.</p>
Data for Individual and combined impacts of carbon dioxide enrichment, heatwaves, flow velocity variability and fine sediment deposition on stream invertebrate communities
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Excess 210Pb, 137C, total organic carbon content, HBI biomarkers (IPSO25, HBI III) and biogenic silica of marine deposits from sediment core 2018_R2_2F from Sheldon Cove, Antarctic Peninsula
<p><strong>Description</strong>: Sediment core 2018_R2_2F was collected from Sheldon Cove, Antarctic Peninsula (67.55°S 68.27°W) from a water depth of 177 m, in December 2018 as part of expedition JR18003 by the British Antarctic Survey aboard RV James Clark Ross (Sands et al. 2019). Total core length was 25 cm. The dataset presented here consists of: gamma spectrometry measurements of excess 210Pb (calculated as a difference between the total 210Pb and the average of 214Pb and 214Bi) and 137Cs; total organic carbon (TOC) content; biogenic silica (BSi) content; and HBI biomarker (IPSO25, HBI III) concentrations. The excess 210Pb and 137Cs were measured at the Institute of Geology at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland, using a gamma detector Canberra BE3830, cooled with cryostat Cryo-Pulse®5 plus. The detector is placed in 10 cm thick lead shield walls and is equipped with a remote detector chamber option (RDC-6 inches) for low energy background reduction. The detector was commercially characterized by ISOCS (In-Situ Object Calibration Software) and LabSOCS (Laboratory Sourceless Object Calibration Software). Efficiencies for measured geometries were determined using LabSOCS code applying all corrections for sample geometry, matrix, and container type, and were verified with IAEA standards measurements. The results (spectra) were analyzed in Canberra GENIE-2000 v. 3.3 gamma spectrometry software and are presented with 2-sigma uncertainty ranges (Szczuciński, submitted). TOC concentrations (given in %) were measured at the Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Silesia, Poland, using an Eltra CS-500 IRanalyzer with a Total Inorganic Carbon module according to the procedure described in Racka et al. (2010). TOC was calculated as the difference between TC (total carbon) and TIC (total inorganic carbon). Each TOC sample was analysed in duplicate. Analytical precision and accuracy were better than ±2% for TC and ±3% for TIC. HBI biomarker preparation and analysis followed slightly modified (Pieńkowski et al. 2021) standard protocols (Belt 2012). HBI concentrations are given per weight of sediment (ng/g sed), and organic carbon content (μg/g OC) (Belt et al. 2012). Biogenic (opaline) silica (BSi) analysis on dried, homogenised samples followed Heiri et al. (2001) and Bechtel et al. (2007). Each BSi and TOC sample was analysed in duplicate; values are given in %. BSi and TOC standard deviation calculations are based on data from the replication.</p> <p><strong>References</strong> <br><br>* Bechtel, A., Woszczyk, M., Reischenbacher, D., Sachsenhoffer, R., Gratzer, R., Püttmann, W. Spychalski, W., 2007: Biomarkers and geochemical indicators of Holocene environmental changes in Lake Sarbsko (Poland). Org. Geoch. 38, 1112–1131. <br>* Belt, S.T., Brown, T.A., Navarro Rodriguez, A., Cabedo Sanz, P., Tonkin, A., Ingle, R. 2012. A reproducible method for the extraction, identification and quantification of the Arctic sea ice proxy IP25 from marine sediments. Anal. Methods 4, 705-713. <br>* Heiri, O., Lotter, A. F., Lemcke, G., 2001. Loss on ignition as a method for estimating organic and carbonate content in sediments: reproducibility and comparability of results. J. Paleolimnol. 25, 101-110. <br>* Pieńkowski, A.J., Husum, K., Belt, S.T., Ninnemann, U., Köseoğlu, D., Divine, D.V., Smik, L., Knies, J., Hogan, K., Noormets, R. 2021. Seasonal sea ice persisted through the Holocene Thermal Maximum at 80°N. Commun. Earth Environ. 2, 124. <br>* Racka, M., Marynowski, L., Filipiak, P., Sobstel, M., Pisarzowska, A., Bond, D.P.G., 2010: Anoxic Annulata events in the Late Famennian of the Holy Cross Mountains (Southern Poland): geochemical and palaeontological record. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 297(3-4), 549-575. <br>* Sands, C.J., Annett, A., Apeland, B., Barnes, D.K.A, Bascur, M., Bruning, P., Costa, M., Dadd, G., De Lecea, A., Ensor, N., Featherstone, A., Flint, G., Goodger, D., Guzzi, A., Howard, F., Hunter, D., Jenkins, S., Kender, S., Lincoln, B., Munoz-Ramirez C., Pienkowski, A., Retallick, K., Roman-Gonzalez, A., Scourse, J., Sheen, K., Whitaker, T., Williams, J., Zhao, L., Zwerschke, N., 2019: JR18003 Cruise Report. British Antarctic Survey, 132 pp. <br>* Szczuciński, W. (submitted): Applications of gamma-emitting isotopes (210Pb and 137Cs) for assessment of sedimentary processes – insights from studies of lake, deltaic and continental shelf deposits. <br><br><strong>Projects</strong> <br><br>* CHARME: CHanging AntaRctic Marine Environments, <strong>Web</strong>: <a title="Follow link" href="https://charme.amu.edu.pl/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener">https://charme.amu.edu.pl/</a>, <strong>Award</strong>: Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021, UMO-2020/37/K/ST10/04127 <br><br><strong>File descriptions</strong>: Excel file with all data, as well as core details (coordinates and water depth).</p> <p><strong>Comment</strong>: This dataset is related to the following article which has been accepted for publication:</p> <p>Pieńkowski, Anna J.; Szczuciński, Witold; Breszka, Agnieszka; Chyleński, Maciej; Juras, Anna; Romel, Paulina; Rozwalak, Piotr; Trzebny, Artur; Dabert, Mirosława; Belt, Simon; Jagodziński, Robert; Smik, Lukas; Włodarski, Wojciech. Sedimentary ancient DNA and HBI biomarkers as sea-ice indicators: a complementary approach in Antarctic fjord environments. Limnology Oceanography Letters. doi: 10.1002/lol2.10395</p>
Nonlinear responses of ecosystem carbon fluxes to nitrogen deposition in an old-growth boreal forest
<p>Nitrogen (N) deposition is known to increase carbon (C) sequestration in N-limited boreal forests. However, the long-term effects of N deposition on ecosystem carbon fluxes have been rarely investigated in old-growth boreal forests. Here we show that decade-long experimental N additions significantly stimulated net primary production (NPP) but the effect decreased with increasing N loads. The effect on soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh) shifted from a stimulation at low-level N additions to an inhibition at higher levels of N additions. Consequently, low-level N additions resulted in a neutral effect on net ecosystem productivity (NEP), due to a comparable stimulating effect on NPP and Rh, while NEP was increased by high-level N additions. Moreover, we found nonlinear temporal responses of NPP, Rh and NEP to low-level N additions. Our findings imply that actual N deposition in boreal forests likely exerts a minor contribution to their soil C storage.</p>
Nonlinear responses of ecosystem carbon fluxes to nitrogen deposition in an old-growth boreal forest
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Herbivore grazing mitigates the negative effects of nitrogen deposition on soil organic carbon in low-diversity grassland
<p>1. Changes in soil carbon (C) sequestration in grassland ecosystems have important impacts on the global C cycle. As such, it is important that researchers better understand the underlying mechanisms affecting soil C. Increasing evidence has shown that atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition can cause dramatic changes in grassland soil C. It remains unclear whether herbivore grazing, a primary means to manage and utilize grassland resources, can regulate the effects of N deposition on soil C, and whether these effects are dependent on plant community diversity.</p> <p>2. Here, we examined the joint effects of herbivore grazing and N-addition on soil organic C (SOC) stocks in two types of communities with low and high plant diversity, respectively.</p> <p>3. Our results showed that the effects of N-addition and its combination with herbivore grazing on grassland SOC were inconsistent in the two types of communities. In the low-diversity community, N-addition greatly decreased SOC stocks, while grazing significantly increased it. Additionally, the grazing-induced increase in soil C stocks in presence of N-addition was so great that it completely counteracted the significant decline in SOC induced by N-addition. However, in the high-diversity community, we observed no effects of N-addition on SOC and grazing increased SOC only in the absence of N-addition and had no significant effect in presence of N-addition.</p> <p>4. Synthesis and applications. Our study suggests that increased N deposition can trigger a remarkable reduction in soil C sequestration in grasslands with low plant diversity, but that herbivore grazing can offset this decline, which may help to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions caused by atmospheric N deposition. As a result, we suggest that moderate herbivore grazing should be considered as an effective grassland management measure for maintaining and improving grassland soil C sequestration as the increasing global change such as elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide, N deposition, and biodiversity losses threat.</p>
Fig. 1 in Upper Cretaceous Rudist-Bearing Mixed Siliciclastic-Carbonate And - Volcanoclastic Deposits From Strâmturii Valley, Borod Basin, Northern Apuseni Mountains: Description, Microfacies And Depositional Environments
Fig. 1 Geological map of Borod Basin (redrawn after Popa, 1981). Legend: 1 Magmatic rocks; 2 Metamorphic rocks; 3 Triassic; 4 Jurassic; 5 Upper Cretaceous; 6 Miocene; 7 Quaternary; 8 Location of studied area.
Fig. 3 a, b in Upper Cretaceous Rudist-Bearing Mixed Siliciclastic-Carbonate And - Volcanoclastic Deposits From Strâmturii Valley, Borod Basin, Northern Apuseni Mountains: Description, Microfacies And Depositional Environments
Fig. 3 a, b The first rudist bearing lithosome from Cioroi-Negru Brook; c, d Rudists and rudist fragments visible in this outcrop; e The second rudist-bearing lithosome; f Rudists of the second lithesome. Yellow arrows represent scale bars.
Fig. 16 in Microfacies Analysis And Depositional Environments Of The Tithonian-Valanginian Limestones From Dâmbovicioara Gorges (Cheile Dâmbovicioarei), Getic Carbonate Platform, Romania
Fig. 16 Limestones from the Padina Brașoavei outcrop (Urdărița horst). a Limestones from the lower part of the succession [(the yellow arrows indicates the first brecciated level (with green-greyish matrix), while the red arrows indicate the second, black pebble bearing brecciated level]. b Well-bedded limestones from the upper part of the succession. c, d Fine laminated fenestral limestones from the lower part (c) and the upper part (d) of the succession. e The first brecciated level, with green-greyish matrix. f Black pebble-bearing level.
Fig. 2 Reefal facies. a-c in Microfacies Analysis And Depositional Environments Of The Tithonian-Valanginian Limestones From Dâmbovicioara Gorges (Cheile Dâmbovicioarei), Getic Carbonate Platform, Romania
Fig. 2 Reefal facies. a-c Coral-microbial boundstone; coral colonies are heavily encrusted by problematic microorganisms (a) or bordered by syndepositional, radiaxial-fibrous cements (b). d-h Bioclastic packstone (d, e, g-h) and bioclastic grainstone (f) internal sediment with dasycladalean algae [Steinmanniporella kapelensis (Sokač & Nikler)] (d), sponges (e), mollusks, corals, Crescentiella (f), microstalactitic (g) and microthrombolitic (h) microbial crusts.
Fig. 14 in Microfacies Analysis And Depositional Environments Of The Tithonian-Valanginian Limestones From Dâmbovicioara Gorges (Cheile Dâmbovicioarei), Getic Carbonate Platform, Romania
Fig. 14 Micro-cycles within supratidal carbonates. Alternations of fractured fenestral non-fossiliferous mudstone and ostracod-bearing mudstone; horizontal, oblique and vertical cracks are present within the non-fossiliferous levels (1); fractured cavities contain vadose silt; storm deposits (2) and pond type facies (ostracod-bearing mudstone) (3).
Fig. 10 Intertidal limestones. a in Microfacies Analysis And Depositional Environments Of The Tithonian-Valanginian Limestones From Dâmbovicioara Gorges (Cheile Dâmbovicioarei), Getic Carbonate Platform, Romania
Fig. 10 Intertidal limestones. a Fine laminated peloidal grainstone; well-sorted limestones with frequent ripples (1) and horizontal or small-scale oblique laminations (2). b Subaerially exposed fenestral peloidal-bioclastic grainstone with vadose microstalactitic cement (arrowed).
Fig. 18 in Microfacies Analysis And Depositional Environments Of The Tithonian-Valanginian Limestones From Dâmbovicioara Gorges (Cheile Dâmbovicioarei), Getic Carbonate Platform, Romania
Fig. 18 Main microfossils from the Cheile Dămbovicioarei Formation. a Bramkampella arabica; b Selliporella neocomiensis; c Pseudocymopolia jurassica; d Salpingoporella praturloni; e, f Haplophragmoides joukowskyi; g Montsalevia salevensis; h Scythiolina sp.; i Pseudotextulariella courtionensis; j Coscinoconus cherchiae; k Coscinoconus cf. perconigi; l Coscinoconus cf. campanellus; m Danubiella gracilima; n, o Paracoskinolina? jourdanensis; p Protopeneroplis ultragranulata; q Thaumatoporella parvovesiculifera. Scale-bar = 0.25 mm (a-c, e-q); 0.50 mm (d).
Fig. 13 Supratidal limestones. a in Microfacies Analysis And Depositional Environments Of The Tithonian-Valanginian Limestones From Dâmbovicioara Gorges (Cheile Dâmbovicioarei), Getic Carbonate Platform, Romania
Fig. 13 Supratidal limestones. a Fenestral muds with horizontal, vertical and oblique desiccation cracks. The horizontal cracks are parallel with the lamination while the upper part of the cracks is filled with vadose silt (arrow). b, c Pedogenetically modified supratidal limestones. Fractured fenestral mudstone (b, c); it contains horizontal, oblique and vertical cracks; c, detail of b; cavities are filled by micro-stalactitic and meniscus cements which from vadoid crusts (arrows 1); the lower part of the cavities contains vadose silt (arrow 2).
Fig. 1 in Microfacies Analysis And Depositional Environments Of The Tithonian-Valanginian Limestones From Dâmbovicioara Gorges (Cheile Dâmbovicioarei), Getic Carbonate Platform, Romania
Fig. 1 Location of the Cheile Dâmbovicioarei within the Dâmbovicioara Area. a Location of the Dâmbovicioara zone on the Romanian map; b Location of the sampled profile on the geological map 1:50000 (redrawn from Dimitrescu et al., 1971 and Patrulius et al., 1971).
Fig. 19 in Microfacies Analysis And Depositional Environments Of The Tithonian-Valanginian Limestones From Dâmbovicioara Gorges (Cheile Dâmbovicioarei), Getic Carbonate Platform, Romania
Fig. 19 Distribution of main microfossils from Dâmbovicioarei Gorges. Facies legend: 1, reef limestone; 2, intraclastic bioclastic rudstone/grainstone with black pebbles; 3, predominantly micritic-fenestral limestone; 4, predominantly peloidal-cyanobacterial fenestral limestone; 5, bioclastic-intraclastic rudstone and grainstone; 6, marls; F-fault.
Data from: The decline in plant biodiversity slows down soil carbon turnover under increasing nitrogen deposition in a temperate steppe
1. Nitrogen (N) deposition not only alters the physiological processes of individual plant, but also leads to worldwide biodiversity loss. However, little is known about how the hierarchical responses from individual physiological processes to plant community structure would have cascading effects on soil carbon (C) cycling. 2. Here, we assessed whether changes in plant chemistry and community composition under increasing N input would affect the turnover rate of litter layer and soil C loss via heterotrophic respiration (Rh) in a temperate grassland. 3. We showed that more than a decade's N addition significantly decreased plant species richness, litter layer turnover rate and Rh. The 13C-NMR results showed that, for individual species, N addition either increased the abundance of recalcitrant C groups such as Alkyl and Methoxyl, or decreased labile C groups such as Carbohydrate, resulting in decreases in Carbohydrate C to Methoxyl C ratio (CC/MC) for most species. Our data also showed that with the increase in N deposition, the abundance of relatively high degradable dominant species, such as A. cristatum and A. frigida declined rapidly, and the relatively recalcitrant species such as P. bifurca and L. chinensis become dominate. Changes in individual species' chemistry and plant community composition significantly decreased litter quality at community level, as indicated by the lower community level CC/MC at higher N addition rates. 4. The result of step-AIC model selection further found that plant diversity loss and the decrease in community level CC/MC jointly best explained the decrease in Rh after N addition, and further relative importance partition result showed that these two factors respectively contributed 65.1% and 34.9% of the explained variation. 5. Overall, we demonstrated that changes in plant chemistry and diversity loss due to N addition reduced the quality of plant C input to soil, which further slowed down litter layer turnover rate and inhibited soil heterotrophic respiration. Our study complements the intermediate links of how shifts in plant community structure regulates soil C cycle under global changes.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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