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Fig. 3 in Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) do also cast neutrophil extracellular traps against the apicomplexan parasite Neospora caninum
Fig. 3. Dose, kinetic and functional inhibition assays of N. caninum tachyzoites-triggered NET formation in dolphins. PMN were incubated with tachyzoites, zymosan (1 mg/ ml, positive control) or plain medium (negative control) at different ratios (a; PMN: tachyzoites = 1:1, 1:2, 1:3) and time periods (b; 30, 60 and 90 min). To prove the DNA nature of NETs, the samples were treated with DNase I (a; 15 min). Moreover, cetacean PMN cells were pre-treated with NOX-inhibitor (b; DPI, 10 MM) for 30 min prior to N. caninum stimulation (1:3 ratio; 90 min). After incubation, all samples were analyzed for extracellular DNA by quantifying Pico Green ®-derived fluorescence intensities. Each condition was performed in duplicates. Geometric means of three PMN donors. Differences were regarded as significant at a level of p <0.05 (*) and p <0.01 (**).
Fig. 2 in Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) do also cast neutrophil extracellular traps against the apicomplexan parasite Neospora caninum
Fig. 2. Neospora caninum tachyzoite-triggered dolphin NET structures (SEM) and co-localization of extracellular DNA with histones (H1, H2A/H2B, H3 and H4), NE, MPO and PTX. (a‾d) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses revealed NETs being formed by dolphin PMN after co-culture with N. caninum tachyzoites. (a) Mesh of DNA-structures (white arrow) derived from dolphin PMN attached to N. caninum-tachyzoites (black arrows). (b) Intact cetacean-PMN (black stars) derived a fine filaroid structure (white arrow) being attached to tachyzoites (black arrows). (c) Conglomerates of several tachyzoites (black arrow) being entrapped in a rather chunky meshwork of cetacean-PMN-released thicker extracellular filaments (white arrow) (d) Dolphin PMN activated (black star) entrapping diverse N. caninum-tachyzoites (black arrows). (e‾l) Co-cultures of dolphin PMN and N. caninum tachyzoites were fixed, permeabilized, stained for analysis of co-localization (i-l; merge, white arrows) of extracellular DNA (e-h; red; Sytox Orange ®) and classical NETs components (all green, white arrows) such as histones (i), NE (j), MPO (k) and pentraxin (l). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the web version of this article.)
Fig. 1 in Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) do also cast neutrophil extracellular traps against the apicomplexan parasite Neospora caninum
Fig. 1. Minimally-invasive blood extraction method for cetaceans. (a) Puncture of the ventral superficial fluke plexus with a fine needle attached to infusion system and one syringe to create a vacuum for blood extraction. (b) Professional trainers performed physical restraint of one dolphin using whistle to give a positive reinforcement during sampling.
Casting about in the Dark - Artifact Evaluation
<p>Companion dataset artifact used in the paper "Casting about in the Dark".</p> <p>This version incorporates some additional minor changes to the artifact, related to the additionally sampled cast instances. This version is the one used in the final version of the paper.</p> <p>---</p> <p>Abstract:</p> <p>The main goal of a static type system is to prevent certain kinds of errors from happening at run time. A type system is formulated as a set of constraints that gives any expression or term in a program a well-defined type. Yet mainstream programming languages are endowed with type systems that provide the means to circumvent their constraints through <em>casting</em>.</p> <p>We want to understand how and when developers escape the static type system to use dynamic typing. We empirically study how casting is used by developers in more than seven thousand Java projects. We find that casts are widely used (8.7% of methods contain at least one cast) and that 50% of casts we inspected are not guarded locally to ensure against potential run-time errors.</p> <p>To help us better categorize use cases and thus understand how casts are used in practice, we identify 25 cast-usage patterns, recurrent programming idioms using casts to solve a specific issue. This knowledge can be: (a) a recommendation for current and future language designers to make informed decisions (b) a reference for tool builders, <em>e.g.</em>,<br> by providing more precise or new refactoring analyses, (c) a guide for researchers to test new language features, or to carry out controlled programming experiments, and (d) a guide for developers for better practices.</p>
Fig. 10 in Gut anatomy of the worker caste of Neotropical genera Cylindrotermes Holmgren and Hoplotermes Light (Infraorder Isoptera, Termitidae)
Fig. 10. Hoplotermes amplus worker gut in situ: (a) detail of stomodeal valve insertion, (b) dorsal, (c) right, (d) ventral and (e) left views; (f) detail of enteric-valve insertion in dorsal view (P4 and P5 removed, arrow: enteric-valve insertion). Gray area indicates mesenteric tissue; c: crop; M: mesenteron; MT: mesenteric tongue, i: isthmus, P1: first proctodeal segment (ileum); P3: third proctodeal segment (paunch); P4: fourth proctodeal segment (colon); P5: fifth proctodeal segment (rectum).
Fig. 7 in Gut anatomy of the worker caste of Neotropical genera Cylindrotermes Holmgren and Hoplotermes Light (Infraorder Isoptera, Termitidae)
Fig. 7. Cylindrotermes sapiranga: (a) detail of gizzard armature (small arrow: crop pectinate scales), (b) enteric valve, with one of the cushions outlined (large arrow: proximal pad, small arrow: distal portion).
Fig. 9 in Gut anatomy of the worker caste of Neotropical genera Cylindrotermes Holmgren and Hoplotermes Light (Infraorder Isoptera, Termitidae)
Fig. 9. Hoplotermes amplus worker: (a) detail of gizzard armature (small arrow: crop pectinate scales), (b) enteric valve (large arrows: cushions).
Fig. 2 in Gut anatomy of the worker caste of Neotropical genera Cylindrotermes Holmgren and Hoplotermes Light (Infraorder Isoptera, Termitidae)
Fig. 2. Cylindrotermes caata: (a) detail of gizzard armature (small arrow: crop pectinate scales), (b) enteric valve, with one of the cushions outlined (large arrow: proximal pad, small arrow: distal portion).
Text-fig. 2. Plot of height versus height to width ratio of leaf scars of the studied species of Protopteris and Oncopteris. in Revision Of Protopteris And Oncopteris Tree Fern Stem Casts From The Late Cretaceous Of Central Europe
Text-fig. 2. Plot of height versus height to width ratio of leaf scars of the studied species of Protopteris and Oncopteris.
Text-fig. 1. Geological setting and location of the fossil sites mentioned in this paper. Grey area indicates Cretaceous Basins. in Revision Of Protopteris And Oncopteris Tree Fern Stem Casts From The Late Cretaceous Of Central Europe
Text-fig. 1. Geological setting and location of the fossil sites mentioned in this paper. Grey area indicates Cretaceous Basins.
Text-fig. 3. 1, 2. Ensete goldianum (LESQUEREUX) comb. nov, Holotype, USNM 494, Golden Colorado. 1. Numerous seeds on a slab. 2. Detail of seed molds and casts. 3-5 "Sagittaria" megasperma R. W. BROWN. 3. Infructescence head. USNM 167488, lectotype selected by Watt 1971. 4. Isolated fruit showing veins of wing, and longitudinally striate central body and single style, USNM 313282, 5. Additional isolated fruit, USNM 313283. Images 4, 5 light-dark inverted. Scale = 1 cm. in Revisions To Roland Brown'S North American Paleocene Flora
Text-fig. 3. 1, 2. Ensete goldianum (LESQUEREUX) comb. nov, Holotype, USNM 494, Golden Colorado. 1. Numerous seeds on a slab. 2. Detail of seed molds and casts. 3-5 "Sagittaria" megasperma R. W. BROWN. 3. Infructescence head. USNM 167488, lectotype selected by Watt 1971. 4. Isolated fruit showing veins of wing, and longitudinally striate central body and single style, USNM 313282, 5. Additional isolated fruit, USNM 313283. Images 4, 5 light-dark inverted. Scale = 1 cm.
Text-fig. 2. Condylopyge cf. rex (BARRANDE, 1846), middle Cambrian, latest Cambrian Stage 5 and lower Drumian, Jince Formation, Příbram-Jince Basin. a. internal mould of isolated cephalon (Specimen CGS CW 17), Potůček near Rejkovice locality (= locality 12 in Fatka and Kordule 1992) in lower levels of the Paradoxides (Eccaparadoxides) pusillus Zone. b. latex cast of external mould of isolated pygidium (Specimen CGS FK 63), Potůček near Rejkovice locality (= locality 12 in Fatka and Kordule 1992) in lower levels of the Paradoxides (Eccaparadoxides) pusillus Zone. c. internal mould of isolated cephalon (Specimen CGS CW 18), foot of the slope known as Vinice near Jince (locality 20 in Fatka and Kordule 1992) in lower levels of the Onymagnostus hybridus Zone. Condylopyge rex (BARRANDE, 1846), middle Cambrian, lower Drumian, Buchava Formation, Paradoxides (Eccaparadoxides) pusillus Zone, Skryje-Týřovice Basin. d. internal mould of isolated cephalon (NM-L43011a), Karáskovská rokle - nad chatami. e. internal mould of isolated pygidium (NM-L43014), Lůmek u Týřovic. f. internal mould of isolated cephalon (NM-L43013), Lůmek u Týřovic. Whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. All scale bars are 1 mm. Photographs by Martin Valent (National Museum Prague). in Condylopyge Hawle Et Corda, 1847 In The Příbram-Jince Basin (Barrandian Area, The Czech Republic, Agnostida)
Text-fig. 2. Condylopyge cf. rex (BARRANDE, 1846), middle Cambrian, latest Cambrian Stage 5 and lower Drumian, Jince Formation, Příbram-Jince Basin. a. internal mould of isolated cephalon (Specimen CGS CW 17), Potůček near Rejkovice locality (= locality 12 in Fatka and Kordule 1992) in lower levels of the Paradoxides (Eccaparadoxides) pusillus Zone. b. latex cast of external mould of isolated pygidium (Specimen CGS FK 63), Potůček near Rejkovice locality (= locality 12 in Fatka and Kordule 1992) in lower levels of the Paradoxides (Eccaparadoxides) pusillus Zone. c. internal mould of isolated cephalon (Specimen CGS CW 18), foot of the slope known as Vinice near Jince (locality 20 in Fatka and Kordule 1992) in lower levels of the Onymagnostus hybridus Zone. Condylopyge rex (BARRANDE, 1846), middle Cambrian, lower Drumian, Buchava Formation, Paradoxides (Eccaparadoxides) pusillus Zone, Skryje-Týřovice Basin. d. internal mould of isolated cephalon (NM-L43011a), Karáskovská rokle - nad chatami. e. internal mould of isolated pygidium (NM-L43014), Lůmek u Týřovic. f. internal mould of isolated cephalon (NM-L43013), Lůmek u Týřovic. Whitened with ammonium chloride sublimate. All scale bars are 1 mm. Photographs by Martin Valent (National Museum Prague).
FIGURE 9. Pelinobius muticus burrow casts. 1-3 in Neoichnology of tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae): Criteria for recognizing spider burrows in the fossil record
FIGURE 9. Pelinobius muticus burrow casts. 1-3, Side views of vertical, sinuous burrows with a laterally expanded terminal chamber (PM6, PM1, PM3, respectively). 4-5, Oblique and side views of a large diameter, vertical sinuous burrow ending with a horizontal tunnel (PM5). 6-7, Side and top views of a vertical burrow terminating in a horizontal tunnel (PM4). The burrow ends with two bifurcating tunnels. 8, Vertical, branching burrow (PM2). 9-10, Oblique and side view of a vertical, sinuous burrow with two branching tunnels (PM7).
FIGURE 10. Aphonopelma chalcodes burrow casts. 1 in Neoichnology of tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae): Criteria for recognizing spider burrows in the fossil record
FIGURE 10. Aphonopelma chalcodes burrow casts. 1, Side view of a subvertical tunnel with a series of parallel ridges along the tunnel wall (at arrow) (AC3). 2, Side view of a subvertical tunnel with a vertical entrance shaft and a laterally expanded terminal chamber (AC7). 3, Top view of a subvertical tunnel (AC1). 4-5, Side and top views of a subvertical tunnel with a changing slope along its length (AC8). 6-7, Oblique and side views of a helical burrow with a series of parallel ridges along the tunnel wall (at arrow) and a laterally expanded terminal chamber (AC6).
FIGURE 8. Hysterocrates gigas burrow casts. 1 in Neoichnology of tarantulas (Araneae: Theraphosidae): Criteria for recognizing spider burrows in the fossil record
FIGURE 8. Hysterocrates gigas burrow casts. 1, Side view of vertical burrow with expanded terminal chamber (HG4). 2, Side view of vertical burrow with expanded terminal chamber and a short lower shaft (HG2). 3, Side view of a vertical burrow with and expanded upper chamber and an elongate lower shaft. 4, Side view of a sinuous vertical burrow with an upper and terminal expanded chambers (HG8). 5, Side view of a vertical to horizontal burrow with upper and lower expanded chambers (HG9). 6, Top view of a vertical to horizontal burrow with upper and lower expanded chambers (HG7).
Figure 3 in First record of three species of Termitidae (Blattodea: Isoptera) from India along with first description of worker caste of Ahmaditermes pyricephalus Akhtar
Figure 3. Odontotermes hainanensis (Light, 1924): Soldier: A. Whole body; B. Pronotum; C. Head capsule (Dorsal view); D. Head capsule (Ventral View); Worker: E. Mandibles; F. Whole body (major); G. Whole body (minor); H. Head capsule (dorsal).
Figure 4 in First record of three species of Termitidae (Blattodea: Isoptera) from India along with first description of worker caste of Ahmaditermes pyricephalus Akhtar
Figure 4. Pericapritermes semarangi (Holmgren, 1913): Soldier: A. Whole body; B. Head capsule (Dorsal view); C. Pronotum; D. Mandibles; E. Labrum; F. Head capsule (Lateral view).
Figure 1. Ahmaditermes pyricephalus Akhtar 1975 in First record of three species of Termitidae (Blattodea: Isoptera) from India along with first description of worker caste of Ahmaditermes pyricephalus Akhtar
Figure 1. Ahmaditermes pyricephalus Akhtar 1975: Soldier: Major: A. Whole body; B. Head capsule: Dorsal View (arrow showing site of constriction); C. Head Capsule: Ventral View (arrow showing site of constriction); D. Pronotum; E. Head capsule lateral view (arrow showing hump at rostrum); F. Mandible; Minor: G. Whole body; H. Head capsule: Dorsal View (arrow showing site of constriction); I. Head Capsule: Ventral View (arrow showing site of constriction); J. Head capsule lateral view (arrow showing hump at rostrum); K. Mandible.
Figure 2. Ahmaditermes pyricephalus Akhtar 1975 in First record of three species of Termitidae (Blattodea: Isoptera) from India along with first description of worker caste of Ahmaditermes pyricephalus Akhtar
Figure 2. Ahmaditermes pyricephalus Akhtar 1975: Worker: A. Whole body; B. Head capsule (Dorsal view); C. Mandibles.
Fig. 3 in A new reconstruction of multituberculate endocranial casts and encephalization quotient of Kryptobaatar
Fig. 3. Reconstruction of two Late Cretaceous multituberculate endocasts superimposed on the outlines of the skull (rendered to the same length) in dorsal view. A. Chulsanbaatar vulgaris. B. Kryptobaatar dashzevegi. A, modified from Kielan−Jaworowska et al. (1986); B, original. The outline of the skull in B, based on reconstruction of Wible and Rougier (2000: fig. 30), and data from the collection of K. dashzevegi, housed in ZPAL; the nasal vascular foramina are based in the holotype specimen ZPAL MgM−I/21.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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