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181 results for “chick”
RNA seq data set of chick, quail, and duck mandibular primordia at embryonic stage (HH) 37
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Results from: Angiogenic property of silk fibroin scaffolds with adipose-derived stem cells on chick chorioallantoic membrane
<p>Angiogenesis is a key step in tissue regeneration and repair. Biomaterials that allow or promote angiogenesis are thus beneficial. In this study, angiogenic properties of salt-leached silk fibroin (SF) scaffolds seeded with human adipose stem cells (hADSCs) were studied using chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) as a model. The hADSC-seeded SF scaffolds (SF-hADSC) with porosity of 77.34 ± 6.96 % and pore diameter of 513.95 ± 4.99 µm were implanted on CAM of chick embryos that were on embryonic day 8 (E8) of development. The SF-hADSC scaffolds induced a spoke-wheel pattern of capillary network indicative of angiogenesis, which was evident since E11. Moreover, ingrowth of blood vessels into the scaffolds was seen in histological sections. The unseeded scaffolds induced the same extent of angiogenesis later on E14. In contrast, the control group could not induce angiogenesis to the same extent even as late. <i>In vitro</i> cytotoxicity tests and <i>in vivo</i> angioirritative study reaffirmed the biocompatibility of the scaffolds. This work highlighted that the biocompatible SF-hADSC scaffolds accelerates angiogenesis, and hence they can be a promising biomaterial for regeneration of tissues that require angiogenesis.</p>
Foraging niche overlap during chick-rearing in the sexually dimorphic Westland petrel
Most Procellariform seabirds are pelagic, breed in summer when prey availability peaks, and migrate for winter. They also display a dual foraging strategy (short and long trips) and sex-specific foraging. The Westland petrel Procellaria westlandica, a New Zealand endemic, is one of the rare seabirds breeding in winter. Preliminary findings on this large and sexually-dimorphic petrel suggest a foraging with no evidence of a dual strategy, within a narrow range and with shared areas between sexes. To investigate further this unusual strategy, the present study determined the fine-scale at-sea behaviours (GPS and accelerometer data loggers) and trophic niches (stable isotopes in whole blood) of chick-rearing individuals (16 males, 13 females). All individuals foraged on the shelf slope of the west coast of New Zealand's South Island with short, unimodal trips. Both sexes foraged at similar intensity without temporal, spatial or isotopic niche segregation. These findings suggest the presence of a winter prey resource close to the colony, sufficient to satisfy the nutritional needs of breeding without intra-specific competition avoidance or increased foraging effort. Additional data are needed to assess the consistency of foraging niche between the sexes and its reproductive outcomes in view of anticipated environmental changes.
Data from: Tick infestation of chicks in a seabird colony varies with local breeding synchrony, local nest density and habitat structure
Parasites are a major risk for group-living animals and seabirds are notoriously susceptible to ectoparasite infestations because they commonly nest in dense colonies. Ticks parasitize seabirds across all biogeographical regions and they can be particularly harmful to nestlings, but the ecological factors that affect their transmission to chicks are little studied and poorly understood. Here we show that abundance of tick larvae in blue-footed booby (Sula nebouxii) broods varies with local nest synchrony and density, and also with habitat structure: abundance increased with local breeding synchrony, was linearly and quadratically related to local nest density, and was highest toward the southern end of the study area which has suitable (boulder-rich) habitat for ticks. Also, with increasing chick age infestation first increased and then declined. The results of this study highlight how local physical and social environmental factors influence infestation of seabird nestlings by ticks.
Horizontal gene transfer is the main driver of antimicrobial resistance in broiler chicks infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg
<p>Overuse and misuse of antibiotics in clinical settings and in food production have been linked to the increased prevalence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AR). Consequently, public health and consumer concerns have resulted in a remarkable reduction in antibiotics used for food animal production. However, there are no data on the effectiveness of antibiotic removal in reducing AR shared through horizontal gene transfer (HGT). In this study, we used neonatal broiler chicks and Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg (SH), a model food pathogen, to test if chicks raised antibiotic-free harbor transferable AR. We challenged chicks with an antibiotic susceptible SH strain using various routes of inoculation and determined if SH isolates recovered carried plasmids conferring AR. We used antimicrobial susceptibility testing and whole genome sequencing (WGS) to show that chicks grown without antibiotics harbored antimicrobial resistant SH population 14 days after challenge and chicks challenged orally acquired AR at a higher rate than chicks inoculated via the cloaca. Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing we found that SH infection perturbed the microbiota of broiler chicks and used metagenomics and WGS to confirm commensal Escherichia coli population as the main reservoir of IncI1 plasmid acquired by SH. The carriage of this IncI1 plasmid posed no fitness cost to SH but increased its fitness when exposed to acidic pH in vitro. These results suggest that HGT of plasmids carrying AR shaped the evolution of SH and that antibiotic use reduction alone is insufficient to limit antibiotic resistance transfer from commensal bacteria to Salmonella.</p>
Multi-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in yellow-legged gull chicks in their first weeks of life
<p><span>Wild animal species living in anthropogenic areas are commonly carriers of antimicrobial resistant bacteria (AMRB), but their role in the epidemiology of these bacteria is unclear.</span> <span>Several studies on AMRB in wildlife have been cross-sectional in design and sampled individual animals at only one point in time.</span> <span>To further understand the role of wildlife in maintaining and potentially transmitting these bacteria to humans and livestock, longitudinal studies are needed in which samples are collected from individual animals over multiple time periods</span><span>. </span><span>In Europe, free-ranging yellow-legged gulls (<em>Larus michahellis</em>) commonly live in industrialized areas, forage in landfills, and have been found to carry AMRB in their feces</span><span>. Using bacterial metagenomics and antimicrobial resistance characterization, we investigated the spatial and temporal patterns of AMRB in a nesting colony of yellow-legged gulls from an industrialized area in southern France. We collected 54 cloacal swabs from 31 yellow-legged gull chicks in 20 nests on three dates in 2016. We found that AMRB in chicks increased over time and was not spatially structured within the gull colony. </span><span>This</span><span> study highlights the complex occurrence of AMRB in a free-ranging wildlife species and contributes to</span><span> our understanding of the public health risks and implications associated with ARMB-carrying</span><span> gulls living in anthropogenic areas</span><span>.</span></p>
Video S5. Female feeding 1-day-old chick
<p><strong>Video S5. </strong>Female feeding 1-day-old chick. The adult backs off the brooded chick. The altricial hatchling is able to elevate head and beg with open mouth. Female feeds small individual portions to the hatchling. Eggshells still present in nest; they were never ingested or removed from the nest (22 July 2021, 18:26:16 hr). 44.2 MB, .mp4 file, VLC Media Player.</p>
Feet first: Magellanic penguin chicks show adaptive growth
<p><span>Growing animals should allocate their limited resources in ways that maximize survival. Seabird chicks must balance the growth of features and fat reserves needed to survive on land with those needed to successfully fledge and survive at sea. We used a large, 34-year dataset to examine energy allocation in Magellanic penguin chicks. Based on the temporal trends in the selective pressures that chicks faced, we developed predictions relating to the timing of skeletal feature growth (Prediction 1), variation in skeletal feature size and shape (Prediction 2), and responses to periods of high energetic constraint (Prediction 3). We tested our predictions using descriptive statistics, generalized additive models, and principal component analysis. </span></p> <p>Nearly all of our predictions were supported. Chicks grew their feet first, then their flippers. They continued to grow their bill after fledging (Prediction 1). Variance in feature size increased in young chicks but declined before fledging; this variance was largely driven by overall size rather than by shape (Prediction 2). Chicks that died grew slower and varied more in feature size than those that fledged (Prediction 2). Skeletal features grew rapidly prior to thermoregulation and feet and flippers were 90% grown prior to juvenile feather growth; both thermoregulation and feather growth are energetically expensive (Prediction 3). To avoid starvation, chicks prioritized storing mass during the first 10 days after hatching, then the body condition of chicks began to decline (Prediction 3). In contrast to our prediction of mass prioritization in young chicks, chicks that were relatively light for their age had high skeletal size to mass ratios. Chicks did not show evidence of reaching physiological growth limits (Prediction 3). By examining energy allocation patterns at fine temporal scales and in the context of detailed natural history data, we provide insight into the trade-offs faced by growing animals.</p>
Experimental data for "The developmental mechanics of divergent buckling patterns in the chick gut"
<p>Experimental geometric, modulus, and differential growth raw data, measurments, and MATLAB codes from "The developmental mechanics of divergent buckling patterns<br>in the chick gut":</p> <p>Tissue buckling is an increasingly appreciated mode of morphogenesis in the embryo,<br>but it is often unclear how geometric and material parameters are molecularly determined<br>in native developmental contexts to generate diverse functional patterns. Here,<br>we study the link between differential mechanical properties and the morphogenesis<br>of distinct anteroposterior compartments in the intestinal tract—the esophagus, small<br>intestine, and large intestine. These regions originate from a simple, common tube<br>but adopt unique forms. Using measured data from the developing chick gut coupled<br>with a minimal theory and simulations of differential growth, we investigate divergent<br>lumen morphologies along the entire early gut and demonstrate that spatiotemporal<br>geometries, moduli, and growth rates control the segment-specific patterns of mucosal<br>buckling. Primary buckling into wrinkles, folds, and creases along the gut, as well<br>as secondary buckling phenomena, including period-doubling in the foregut and<br>multiscale creasing-wrinkling in the hindgut, are captured and well explained by<br>mechanical models. This study advances our existing knowledge of how identity leads to<br>form in these regions, laying the foundation for future work uncovering the relationship<br>between molecules and mechanics in gut morphological regionalization.</p>
Рис. 10. ГнёзΑа с кΛаΑками и птенцами скаΛьных гоΛубей Columba rupestris. 1 — Пограничный район, автомобиΛьный мост через реку СтуΑёная, 05.07.2012; 2–5 —Уссурийский гороΑской округ, окрестности сеΛа НовоникоΛьск, 27.03.2022; 6, 7 — Октябрьский район, мост через реку Крестьянка, 23.04.2022; 8, 9 — Уссурийский гороΑской округ, окрестности сеΛа НовоникоΛьск, 03.05.2022. Фото À. В. Коробова Fig. 10. Nests with clutches and chicks of hill pigeons Columba rupestris. 1 — Pogranichny District, road bridge over the Studenaya River, 05.07.2012; 2-5 — Ussuriysky City District, vicinity of the village of Novonikolsk, 27.03.2022; 6, 7 — Oktyabrsky District, bridge over the Krestyanka River, 23.04.2022; 8, 9 — Ussuriysky City District, vicinity of the village of Novonikolsk, 03.05.2022. Photo by D. V. Korobov СΛеΑует поΑчеркнуть, что имеет место на Барановском вуΛкане в низовье реки выраженная тенΑенция оставΛения скаΛь- РазΑоΛьная, скаΛистых берегах Японскоными гоΛубями многих скаΛьных посеΛе- го моря в окрестностях ВΛаΑивостока, гΑе ний и формирование таковых в усΛовиях эти птицы обитаΛи в неΑаΛеком прошΛом гнезΑования в искусственных нишах. Так, (ШуΛьпин 1936; Панов 1973; наши Αанные). в настоящее время скаΛьные гоΛуби не МатериаΛом ΑΛя постройки гнезΑ гнезΑятся на массиве «ГоΛубиный Утёс» (рис. 10) сΛужат преимущественно тонкие бΛиз корейской границы, гΑе быΛи отме- сухие веточки (в наших сΛучаях, преимучены ранее (Панов 1973; Назаров, Шибаев щественно иΛьма Ulmus sp. и ивы Salix sp.) 1984; ПекΛо 2011; наши Αанные), а также и фрагменты сухих стебΛей травянистых in About breeding biology of the hill pigeon Columba rupestris in Primorsky Krai
Рис. 10. ГнёзΑа с кΛаΑками и птенцами скаΛьных гоΛубей Columba rupestris. 1 — Пограничный район, автомобиΛьный мост через реку СтуΑёная, 05.07.2012; 2–5 —Уссурийский гороΑской округ, окрестности сеΛа НовоникоΛьск, 27.03.2022; 6, 7 — Октябрьский район, мост через реку Крестьянка, 23.04.2022; 8, 9 — Уссурийский гороΑской округ, окрестности сеΛа НовоникоΛьск, 03.05.2022. Фото À. В. Коробова Fig. 10. Nests with clutches and chicks of hill pigeons Columba rupestris. 1 — Pogranichny District, road bridge over the Studenaya River, 05.07.2012; 2-5 — Ussuriysky City District, vicinity of the village of Novonikolsk, 27.03.2022; 6, 7 — Oktyabrsky District, bridge over the Krestyanka River, 23.04.2022; 8, 9 — Ussuriysky City District, vicinity of the village of Novonikolsk, 03.05.2022. Photo by D. V. Korobov СΛеΑует поΑчеркнуть, что имеет место на Барановском вуΛкане в низовье реки выраженная тенΑенция оставΛения скаΛь- РазΑоΛьная, скаΛистых берегах Японскоными гоΛубями многих скаΛьных посеΛе- го моря в окрестностях ВΛаΑивостока, гΑе ний и формирование таковых в усΛовиях эти птицы обитаΛи в неΑаΛеком прошΛом гнезΑования в искусственных нишах. Так, (ШуΛьпин 1936; Панов 1973; наши Αанные). в настоящее время скаΛьные гоΛуби не МатериаΛом ΑΛя постройки гнезΑ гнезΑятся на массиве «ГоΛубиный Утёс» (рис. 10) сΛужат преимущественно тонкие бΛиз корейской границы, гΑе быΛи отме- сухие веточки (в наших сΛучаях, преимучены ранее (Панов 1973; Назаров, Шибаев щественно иΛьма Ulmus sp. и ивы Salix sp.) 1984; ПекΛо 2011; наши Αанные), а также и фрагменты сухих стебΛей травянистых
Рис. 11. ВыΛупΛение в гнёзΑах скаΛьных гоΛубей Columba rupestris. Уссурийский гороΑской округ, окрестности сеΛа НовоникоΛьск. 1–3 — 27.03.2022; 4 — 03.05.2022. Фото À. В. Коробова Fig. 11. Hatching in the nests of hill pigeons Columba rupestris. Ussuriysky City District, vicinity of the village of Novonikolsk. 1–3 — 27.03.2022; 4 — 03.05.2022. Photo by D. V. Korobov растений (нереΑко жестких, в частности, ΑопоΛнитеΛьно испоΛьзоваΛи сухие Λистья, поΛыни Artemisia sp.). Часто в гнезΑах при- пропиΛеновые нити, кусочки поΛиэтиΛена, сутствуют перья (преимущественно махо- а 3 мая 2022 гоΑа в окрестностях сеΛа Новые) скаΛьных, реже сизых гоΛубей и Αру- воникоΛьск быΛо найΑено гнезΑо, основу гих птиц. В некоторых Αругих сΛучаях в которого составΛяΛи обгоревшие кусочки качестве строитеΛьного материаΛа гоΛуби корΑа автомобиΛьного коΛеса, сожженного Рис. 12. ГнёзΑа скаΛьных гоΛубей Columba rupestris. 1 — с оперенными птенцами, Пограничный район, мост через реку СтуΑёная, 12.07.2007, фото À.В. Коробова; 2 — посΛе выΛета птенцов, Δазовский район, мост через кΛюч ЗвёзΑочка, 25.05.2022, фото В. П. Шохрина Fig. 12. Nests of hill pigeons Columba rupestris. 1 — with feathered chicks, Pogranichny District, bridge over the Studenaya River, 12.07.2007. Photo by D.V. Korobov; 2 — after the chicks have flown out, Lazovsky District, bridge over Zvezdochka Spring, 25.05.2022. Photo by V. P. Shokhrin in About breeding biology of the hill pigeon Columba rupestris in Primorsky Krai
Рис. 11. ВыΛупΛение в гнёзΑах скаΛьных гоΛубей Columba rupestris. Уссурийский гороΑской округ, окрестности сеΛа НовоникоΛьск. 1–3 — 27.03.2022; 4 — 03.05.2022. Фото À. В. Коробова Fig. 11. Hatching in the nests of hill pigeons Columba rupestris. Ussuriysky City District, vicinity of the village of Novonikolsk. 1–3 — 27.03.2022; 4 — 03.05.2022. Photo by D. V. Korobov растений (нереΑко жестких, в частности, ΑопоΛнитеΛьно испоΛьзоваΛи сухие Λистья, поΛыни Artemisia sp.). Часто в гнезΑах при- пропиΛеновые нити, кусочки поΛиэтиΛена, сутствуют перья (преимущественно махо- а 3 мая 2022 гоΑа в окрестностях сеΛа Новые) скаΛьных, реже сизых гоΛубей и Αру- воникоΛьск быΛо найΑено гнезΑо, основу гих птиц. В некоторых Αругих сΛучаях в которого составΛяΛи обгоревшие кусочки качестве строитеΛьного материаΛа гоΛуби корΑа автомобиΛьного коΛеса, сожженного Рис. 12. ГнёзΑа скаΛьных гоΛубей Columba rupestris. 1 — с оперенными птенцами, Пограничный район, мост через реку СтуΑёная, 12.07.2007, фото À.В. Коробова; 2 — посΛе выΛета птенцов, Δазовский район, мост через кΛюч ЗвёзΑочка, 25.05.2022, фото В. П. Шохрина Fig. 12. Nests of hill pigeons Columba rupestris. 1 — with feathered chicks, Pogranichny District, bridge over the Studenaya River, 12.07.2007. Photo by D.V. Korobov; 2 — after the chicks have flown out, Lazovsky District, bridge over Zvezdochka Spring, 25.05.2022. Photo by V. P. Shokhrin
Supplementary material for "Chick survival and hunting are important drivers for the dynamics of two Alpine black grouse Lyrurus tetrix populations"
<p>Data files, code for all analyses, and an Appendix (with additional figures and tables). The six data files are provided in csv format (Summer counts.csv, TrackingDataSurvival.csv, Occasions.csv, TrackingDataProductivity.csv, SexRatioData.csv, MeteoData.csv). The code file (BlackGrouseCode.txt) is a space delineated text file. The code file is written for R, but some models are run in JAGS from R. The code file also contains the description of the data files, code for data management, code for figures and additional analyses. The Appendix (appendix.pdf) is a pdf.</p> <p><strong>Abstract of the article</strong></p> <p>Alpine black grouse populations are generally declining, but the underlying demographic drivers are largely unknown. We studied the dynamics of two adjacent black grouse populations over a 20 years period in the Italian Alps that differ in hunting pressure to identify the main demographic process affecting these populations and to study the impact of hunting on males. We collected radio-tracking data and conducted population surveys in spring to count displaying cocks and in late summer to determine the breeding success by means of pointing dogs. These different data sets were jointly analysed using a seasonal integrated population model to estimate population sizes and various demographic rates. The two populations fluctuated in size and the number of males from one population increased after hunting intensity was reduced. The main demographic rates did not differ between the populations. Adult survival was relatively low and productivity was high, so the life history shows the feature of a fast turnover species. In both populations, the variability of survival from hatching to the age of five weeks (chick survival) contributed more to the variation of the population growth rates than the variability of survival in later life-history stages, and the former was positively affected by ambient temperatures in July, favouring chick survival. The adult sex ratio of the population where males hunting occurred was shifted towards females, but it evened over time with the reduction of hunting pressure. The adult sex ratio in the population without hunting and the chick sex ratios in both populations were even, suggesting that hunting acted as a mostly additive source of mortality.</p>
Survival and mass data of King penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus chicks throughout the winter
<p>From 2002 to 2022, yearly King Penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus chick mortality and mass data was collected in April, just before the winter fast. The same chicks were relocated after the winter to assess mortality. The data was collected on Kerguelen Island, located in the Southern Ocean. </p>
The Postprandial Effects of Chick-Pea Consumption on Glucose, Insulin, and Gut Hormone Responses (PEA-POD).
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03994276. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Data from: Chemical defence in avian brood parasites: production and function of repulsive secretions in common cuckoo chicks
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Data from: Responses of King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) adults and chicks to two food-related odours
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Horizontal gene transfer is the main driver of antimicrobial resistance in broiler chicks infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg
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Data from: Tick infestation of chicks in a seabird colony varies with local breeding synchrony, local nest density and habitat structure
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Data from: Coloration of chicks modulates costly interactions among family members
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Results from: Angiogenic property of silk fibroin scaffolds with adipose-derived stem cells on chick chorioallantoic membrane
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