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Text-fig. 1. Diplopanax cacaoides (ZENKER) comb. nov. a–d: [Holotype of Mastixia cantia E.REID et M.CHANDLER, V.22953]. a: Lateral view of longitudinally broken specimen, reflected light. b–d: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. b: Lateral view of longitudinal fracture surface. c: Same specimen rotated to show external surface. d: Enlargement of lower half from (a, b), reflected light. e, f: Specimen figured originally as a paratype of M. cantia, V.22954 (Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 3), reflected light. e: Ventral view with much of the endocarp wall fallen away exposing smooth convex ventral surface of locule cast. f: Transversely fractured surface, showing thick wall of the endocarp, and dehiscence plane leading to the left limb of the locule. g: Transversely sectioned, laterally compressed specimen from Miocene of Wiesa, Germany for comparison, Senckenberg Museum, SM.B. 21034/I. h–j: Digital transverse sections from micro-CT data of the Holotype V.22953. h: Transverse fracture surface from (b), showing curved locule and zone of weakness defining the germination valve (arrow), reflected light. i: Same orientation with clear demarcation of the separation plane of the germination valve (arrow), digital section from micro-CT scan. j: Enlargement from (h). Scale bars 5 mm. in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision

Text-fig. 1. Diplopanax cacaoides (ZENKER) comb. nov. a–d: [Holotype of Mastixia cantia E.REID et M.CHANDLER, V.22953]. a: Lateral view of longitudinally broken specimen, reflected light. b–d: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. b: Lateral view of longitudinal fracture surface. c: Same specimen rotated to show external surface. d: Enlargement of lower half from (a, b), reflected light. e, f: Specimen figured originally as a paratype of M. cantia, V.22954 (Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 3), reflected light. e: Ventral view with much of the endocarp wall fallen away exposing smooth convex ventral surface of locule cast. f: Transversely fractured surface, showing thick wall of the endocarp, and dehiscence plane leading to the left limb of the locule. g: Transversely sectioned, laterally compressed specimen from Miocene of Wiesa, Germany for comparison, Senckenberg Museum, SM.B. 21034/I. h–j: Digital transverse sections from micro-CT data of the Holotype V.22953. h: Transverse fracture surface from (b), showing curved locule and zone of weakness defining the germination valve (arrow), reflected light. i: Same orientation with clear demarcation of the separation plane of the germination valve (arrow), digital section from micro-CT scan. j: Enlargement from (h). Scale bars 5 mm.

Text-fig. 4. Mastixia cf. oregonensis (R.A.SCOTT) TIFFNEY et HAGGARD from the London Clay, originally included within the concept of M. cantiensis. a–c: V. 22960(1). a: Transverse fracture, showing c-shaped locule, dorsal infold, and sculptured endocarp, reflected light. b: Transverse digital section from micro-CT scan data. c: Surface view of ribbed endocarp extracted from micro-CT data. d: Transverse fracture, reflected light, V. 22955 (originally illustrated in pl. 25, fig. 4 of Reid and Chandler 1933). e, f: Transverse physical section, V. 22963(2) showing U-shaped locule and longitudinal dorsal infold. g–i reflected light. g: Detail from left of (d). h, i: Detail from right of (f). Scale bars 5 mm in (a–f), 1 mm in (g–i). in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision

Text-fig. 4. Mastixia cf. oregonensis (R.A.SCOTT) TIFFNEY et HAGGARD from the London Clay, originally included within the concept of M. cantiensis. a–c: V. 22960(1). a: Transverse fracture, showing c-shaped locule, dorsal infold, and sculptured endocarp, reflected light. b: Transverse digital section from micro-CT scan data. c: Surface view of ribbed endocarp extracted from micro-CT data. d: Transverse fracture, reflected light, V. 22955 (originally illustrated in pl. 25, fig. 4 of Reid and Chandler 1933). e, f: Transverse physical section, V. 22963(2) showing U-shaped locule and longitudinal dorsal infold. g–i reflected light. g: Detail from left of (d). h, i: Detail from right of (f). Scale bars 5 mm in (a–f), 1 mm in (g–i).

Text-fig. 2. Tectocarya spp. a–n: Tectocarya grandis (E.REID et M.CHANDLER) comb. n. Holotype V.22968. a: Lateral view of broken endocarp, reflected light. b–d: Longitudinal views, surface renderings from micro-CT data. e: Translucent volume renderings. f: Apical view, surface rendering. g: View of transversely broken surface showing curved locule, reflected light. h–n: Successive digital transverse sections. Note septum in the dorsal infold (arrows). o, p: Tectocarya rhenana KIRCHH., Miocene of Germany, dorsal view and transverse section [Holotype of Mastixoidea tectocaryoides KIRCHH., Alfred Mine near Konzendorf, photo by Dieter Mai] (Synonym of T. rhenana MAI, 1993). q: T. rhenana transverse section. from Mine Alfred, Düren, Germany, coll. Claire A. Brown 1952, USNM 355632. r, s: Tectocarya sp. from late Eocene of Post, Oregon, USA, physical transverse section, reflected light. UF279-50014. [Surface views of same specimen shown in Manchester and McIntosh 2007: figs 62, 63]. Scale bars 1 cm in (a–r), 0.5 cm in (s). in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision

Text-fig. 2. Tectocarya spp. a–n: Tectocarya grandis (E.REID et M.CHANDLER) comb. n. Holotype V.22968. a: Lateral view of broken endocarp, reflected light. b–d: Longitudinal views, surface renderings from micro-CT data. e: Translucent volume renderings. f: Apical view, surface rendering. g: View of transversely broken surface showing curved locule, reflected light. h–n: Successive digital transverse sections. Note septum in the dorsal infold (arrows). o, p: Tectocarya rhenana KIRCHH., Miocene of Germany, dorsal view and transverse section [Holotype of Mastixoidea tectocaryoides KIRCHH., Alfred Mine near Konzendorf, photo by Dieter Mai] (Synonym of T. rhenana MAI, 1993). q: T. rhenana transverse section. from Mine Alfred, Düren, Germany, coll. Claire A. Brown 1952, USNM 355632. r, s: Tectocarya sp. from late Eocene of Post, Oregon, USA, physical transverse section, reflected light. UF279-50014. [Surface views of same specimen shown in Manchester and McIntosh 2007: figs 62, 63]. Scale bars 1 cm in (a–r), 0.5 cm in (s).

Text-fig. 3. "Rzehakia beds" at Líšeň-Neklež locality. 1 – topsoil, 2 – greenish-gray clay, locally yellow-brown, 3 – ochre-brown coarse sand, 4 – conglomerate with clasts of granodiorite, 5 – grey-brown medium-grained sand, 6 – light yellowish fine sand, 7 – re-sedimented red-brown eluvium of granodiorite, 8 – re-sedimented red-brown granodiorite debris, 9 – granodiorite, 10 – fossil macroflora. in A New Early Miocene (Ottnangian) Flora Of The "Rzehakia Beds" From Brno-Líšeň

Text-fig. 3. "Rzehakia beds" at Líšeň-Neklež locality. 1 – topsoil, 2 – greenish-gray clay, locally yellow-brown, 3 – ochre-brown coarse sand, 4 – conglomerate with clasts of granodiorite, 5 – grey-brown medium-grained sand, 6 – light yellowish fine sand, 7 – re-sedimented red-brown eluvium of granodiorite, 8 – re-sedimented red-brown granodiorite debris, 9 – granodiorite, 10 – fossil macroflora.

Text-fig. 3. Mastixia parva E.REID et M.CHANDLER. a–g: Holotype, V. 22972. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 25, fig. 13 of Reid and Chandler 1933), reflected light. b–g: from micro-CT data. b: Dorsal view of specimen in (a) now suffering from encrustation due to pyrite decay; isosurface rendering. c: Translucent volume rendering, dorsal view showing two limbs of the locule and longitudinal groove. d–g: Digital transverse sections at various positions showing c-shaped locule, longitudinal dorsal infold, endocarp wall, and degradational cracks. h, i: V. 22983(1). h: Dorsal view showing longitudinal infold. i: Physical transverse section showing c-shaped locule and longitudinal dorsal infold. Scale bars 5 mm in (a–h), applies also to (b–g), 2 mm in (i). in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision

Text-fig. 3. Mastixia parva E.REID et M.CHANDLER. a–g: Holotype, V. 22972. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 25, fig. 13 of Reid and Chandler 1933), reflected light. b–g: from micro-CT data. b: Dorsal view of specimen in (a) now suffering from encrustation due to pyrite decay; isosurface rendering. c: Translucent volume rendering, dorsal view showing two limbs of the locule and longitudinal groove. d–g: Digital transverse sections at various positions showing c-shaped locule, longitudinal dorsal infold, endocarp wall, and degradational cracks. h, i: V. 22983(1). h: Dorsal view showing longitudinal infold. i: Physical transverse section showing c-shaped locule and longitudinal dorsal infold. Scale bars 5 mm in (a–h), applies also to (b–g), 2 mm in (i).

Text-fig. 2. Kaolin clay pit at hill Hasenberg in Wiesa, Saxony, Germany; view of southern high wall, showing deeply weathered late Early Miocene lignite seam by dark brown color in center (photographed 2015). Fossil-bearing strata were reported (e.g., Mai 1964) as below lignite seam, but this horizon does actually not crop out (also evidenced by new drillings, communicated by Dr. Jochen Rascher, GEOMONTAN GmbH company, Freiberg/Sa., Germany). in Assessment Of Phytogeographic Reference Regions For Cenozoic Vegetation: A Case Study On The Miocene Flora Of Wiesa (Germany)

Text-fig. 2. Kaolin clay pit at hill Hasenberg in Wiesa, Saxony, Germany; view of southern high wall, showing deeply weathered late Early Miocene lignite seam by dark brown color in center (photographed 2015). Fossil-bearing strata were reported (e.g., Mai 1964) as below lignite seam, but this horizon does actually not crop out (also evidenced by new drillings, communicated by Dr. Jochen Rascher, GEOMONTAN GmbH company, Freiberg/Sa., Germany).

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Data for [Changing abundance of magnetofossil morphologies in pelagic red clay around Minamitorishima, western North Pacific]

---- Note added in Aug 27, 2018. There is an error in the file sratios_MR15E01PC12.xlsx. Please refer to another upload, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.1404158. ----   This is the data used in the manuscript: Changing abundance of magnetofossil morphologies in pelagic red clay around Minamitorishima, western North Pacific

Fig. 12 in A new pliosaurid from the Oxford Clay Formation of Oxfordshire, UK

Fig. 12. Holotype of the pliosaurid plesiosaur Eardasaurus powelli gen. et sp. nov. (OUMNH PAL-J.2247) from the Middle Jurassic of Yarnton, Oxfordshire, UK. A, B. Scleral ossicles. C. Hyoid element, orientation unknown.

Fig. 11 in A new pliosaurid from the Oxford Clay Formation of Oxfordshire, UK

Fig. 11. Holotype of the pliosaurid plesiosaur Eardasaurus powelli gen. et sp. nov. (OUMNH PAL-J.2247) from the Middle Jurassic of Yarnton, Oxfordshire, UK. Detail of posterior end of mandibular symphysis. Photograph (A1), interpretive drawing (A2), light grey, broken bone; dark grey, matrix.

Fig. 9 in A new pliosaurid from the Oxford Clay Formation of Oxfordshire, UK

Fig. 9. Holotype of the pliosaurid plesiosaur Eardasaurus powelli gen. et sp. nov. (OUMNH PAL-J.2247) from the Middle Jurassic of Yarnton, Oxfordshire, UK. Mandible in right lateral (A1, A2) and medial (A3, A4) views. Photographs (A1, A3), interpretive drawings (A2, A4), light grey, broken bone; mid grey, filler; dark grey, matrix.

Fig. 7 in A new pliosaurid from the Oxford Clay Formation of Oxfordshire, UK

Fig. 7. Holotype of the pliosaurid plesiosaur Eardasaurus powelli gen. et sp. nov. (OUMNH PAL-J.2247) from the Middle Jurassic of Yarnton, Oxfordshire, UK. Mandible in dorsal view. Photograph (A1), interpretive drawing (A2), light grey, broken bone; mid grey, filler; dark grey, matrix.

Fig. 6 in A new pliosaurid from the Oxford Clay Formation of Oxfordshire, UK

Fig. 6. Holotype of the pliosaurid plesiosaur Eardasaurus powelli gen. et sp. nov. (OUMNH PAL-J.2247) from the Middle Jurassic of Yarnton, Oxfordshire, UK. Detail of right ventral orbital margin in lateral view. Photograph (A1), interpretive drawing (A2), light grey, broken bone.

Fig. 14 in A new pliosaurid from the Oxford Clay Formation of Oxfordshire, UK

Fig. 14. Phylogenetic topology for Pliosauridae, focussing on Early–Middle Jurassic representatives, based on Bayesian Mkv analysis. Numbers indicate posterior support for nodes demonstrating strong support for many aspects, but weaker support for relationships among Peloneustes philarchus, Anguanax zignoi, and Eardasaurus powelli gen. et sp. nov., which are tentatively recovered as grade leading to more derived pliosaurids.

Fig. 5 in A new pliosaurid from the Oxford Clay Formation of Oxfordshire, UK

Fig. 5. Holotype of the pliosaurid plesiosaur Eardasaurus powelli gen. et sp. nov. (OUMNH PAL-J.2247) from the Middle Jurassic of Yarnton, Oxfordshire, UK. Cranium in ventral view. Photograph (A1), interpretive drawing (A2), light grey, broken bone; mid grey, filler; dark grey, matrix.

Fig. 3 in A new pliosaurid from the Oxford Clay Formation of Oxfordshire, UK

Fig. 3. Holotype of the pliosaurid pleasiosaur Eardasaurus powelli gen. et sp. nov. (OUMNH PAL-J.2247) from the Middle Jurassic of Yarnton, Oxfordshire, UK. Cranium in right lateral view. Photograph (A1), interpretive drawing (A2), light grey, broken bone; mid grey, filler; dark grey, matrix; detail showing region around external naris including frontal–maxilla suture (A3).

Fig. 8 in A new pliosaurid from the Oxford Clay Formation of Oxfordshire, UK

Fig. 8. Holotype of the pliosaurid plesiosaur Eardasaurus powelli gen. et sp. nov. (OUMNH PAL-J.2247) from the Middle Jurassic of Yarnton, Oxfordshire, UK. Mandibular symphysis in dorsal (A1, A2), left lateral (A3, A4), and ventral (A5, A6) views. Photographs (A1, A3, A5), interpretive drawings (A2, A4, A6), light grey, broken bone; mid grey, filler; dark grey, matrix.

Fig. 2 in A new pliosaurid from the Oxford Clay Formation of Oxfordshire, UK

Fig. 2. Holotype of the pliosaurid pleasiosaur Eardasaurus powelli gen. et sp. nov. (OUMNH PAL-J.2247) from the Middle Jurassic of Yarnton, Oxfordshire, UK. Cranium in dorsal view. Photograph (A1), interpretive drawing (A2), light grey, broken bone; mid grey, filler; dark grey, matrix.

Fig. 1 in A new pliosaurid from the Oxford Clay Formation of Oxfordshire, UK

Fig. 1. Holotype of the pliosaurid plesiosaur Eardasaurus powelli gen. et sp. nov. (OUMNH PAL-J.2247) from the Middle Jurassic of Yarnton, Oxfordshire, UK. Photograph of the specimen on display in OUMNH. Skeleton laid out as discovered, with the exception of the left hindlimb (highlighted in black), which was originally disarticulated. An artist's reconstruction of E. powelli is partially visible in the top right-hand side of the image.

Fig. 13 in A new pliosaurid from the Oxford Clay Formation of Oxfordshire, UK

Fig. 13. Holotype of the pliosaurid plesiosaur Eardasaurus powelli gen. et sp. nov. (OUMNH PAL-J.2247) from the Middle Jurassic of Yarnton, Oxfordshire, UK. A. Mesial tooth in anterior or posterior (A1), lingual (A2), anterior or posterior (A3), and labial (A4) views; close-up of crown of tooth showing detail of "carinae" in anterior or posterior (A5–A6), labial (A7), and tip (A8) views. B. Distal ("ratchet" type) tooth in anterior or posterior (B1), lingual (B2), anterior or posterior (B3), labial (B4), and tip (B5) views.

Fig. 10 in A new pliosaurid from the Oxford Clay Formation of Oxfordshire, UK

Fig. 10. Holotype of the pliosaurid plesiosaur Eardasaurus powelli gen. et sp. nov. (OUMNH PAL-J.2247) from the Middle Jurassic of Yarnton, Oxfordshire, UK. Detail of right coronoid eminence in lateral view. Photograph (A1), interpretive drawing (A2), light grey, broken bone; dark grey, matrix.