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95 results for “climatic factors”
Supplemental information for: Annual tropical-rainforest productivity through two decades: Complex responses to climatic factors, CO2 and storm damage
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Data from: Latitudinal beta-diversity gradient of riverine macroinvertebrate: Interplays of climatic and land use factors
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Data from: Navigating Polycrisis: long-run socio-cultural factors shape response to changing climate
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Data from: Climate matching and anthropogenic factors contribute to the colonisation and extinction of local populations during avian invasions
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Temperature impacts on dengue incidence are nonlinear and mediated by climatic and socioeconomic factors
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Data from: Geography and site-specific factors, rather than recent climate, dominated Spanish wintering bird communities
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Data from: Factors influencing plasticity in the arrival-breeding interval in a migratory species reacting to climate change
Climate change is profoundly affecting the phenology of many species. In migratory birds, there is evidence for advances in their arrival time at the breeding ground and their timing of breeding, yet empirical studies examining the interdependence between arrival and breeding time are lacking. Hence, evidence is scarce regarding how breeding time may be adjusted via the arrival-breeding interval to help local populations adapt to local conditions or climate change. We used long-term data from an intensively monitored population of the northern wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe) to examine the factors related to the length of 734 separate arrival-to-breeding events from 549 individual females. From 1993 to 2017 the mean arrival and egg-laying dates advanced by approximately the same amount (~5-6 days), with considerable between-individual variation in the arrival-breeding interval. The arrival-breeding interval was shorter for: (1) individuals that arrived later in the season compared to early arriving birds, (2) for experienced females compared to first-year breeders, (3) as spring progressed, and (4) in later years compared to earlier ones. The influence of these factors was much larger for birds arriving earlier in the season compared to later arriving birds, with most effects on variation in the arrival-breeding interval being absent in late arriving birds. Thus, in this population it appears that the timing of breeding is not constrained by arrival for early- to mid-arriving birds, but instead is dependent on local conditions after arrival. For late arriving birds, however, the timing of breeding appears to be influenced by arrival constraints. Hence, impacts of climate change on arrival dates and local conditions are expected to vary for different parts of the population, with potential negative impacts associated with these factors likely to differ for early- versus late-arriving birds.
Spatial, climate and ploidy factors drive genomic diversity and resilience in the widespread grass Themeda triandra
<p>This data set was used to assess the climate resilience of <i>Themeda triandra</i>, a foundational species and the most widespread plant in Australia, by assessing the relative contributions of spatial, environmental, and ploidy factors to contemporary genomic variation. Reduced-representation genome sequencing on 472 samples from 52 locations was used to test how the distribution of genomic variation, including ploidy polymorphism, supports adaptation to hotter and drier climates.</p>
Data from: Genetic diversity and population divergences of an indigenous tree (Coffea mauritiana) in Reunion Island: role of climatic and geographical factors
Oceanic islands are commonly considered as natural laboratories for studies on evolution and speciation. The evolutionary specificities of islands associated with species biology provide unique scenarios to study the role of geography and climate in driving population divergence. However, few studies have addressed this subject in small oceanic islands with heterogeneous climates. Being widely distributed in Reunion Island forest, Coffea mauritiana represents an interesting model case for investigating patterns of within-island differentiation at small spatial scale. In this study, we examined the genetic diversity and population divergences of C. mauritiana using SNP markers obtained from 323 individuals across 34 locations in Reunion Island. Using redundancy analysis, we further evaluated the contribution of geographic and climatic factors to shaping genetic divergence among populations. Genetic diversity analyses revealed that accessions clustered according to the source population, with further grouping in regional clusters. Genetic relationships among the regional clusters underlined a recent process of expansion in the form of step-by-step colonization on both sides of the island. Divergence among source populations was mostly driven by the joint effect of geographic distance and climatic heterogeneity. The pattern of isolation-by-geography was in accordance with the dispersal characteristics of the species, while isolation-by-environment was mostly explained by the heterogeneous rainfall patterns, probably associated with an asynchronous flowering among populations. These findings advance our knowledge on the patterns of genetic diversity and factors of population differentiation of species native to Reunion Island, and will also usefully guide forest management for conservation.
Data from: Divergence in an obligate mutualism is not explained by divergent climatic factors
Adaptation to divergent environments creates and maintains biological diversity, but we know little about the importance of different agents of ecological divergence. Coevolution in obligate mutualisms has been hypothesized to drive divergence, but this contention has rarely been tested against alternative ecological explanations. Here, we use a well-established example of coevolution in an obligate pollination mutualism, Yucca brevifolia and its two pollinating yucca moths, to test the hypothesis that divergence in this system is the result of mutualists adapting to different abiotic environments as opposed to coevolution between mutualists. We used a combination of principal component analyses and ecological niche modeling to determine whether varieties of Y. brevifolia associated with different pollinators specialize on different environments. Yucca brevifolia occupies a diverse range of climates. When the two varieties can disperse to similar environments, they occupy similar habitats.This suggests that the two varieties have not specialized on distinct habitats. In turn, this suggests that nonclimatic factors, such as the biotic interaction between Y. brevifolia and its pollinators, are responsible for evolutionary divergence in this system.
Data from: Predicted effects of climate factors on mountain species are not uniform over different spatial scales
The selection of relevant factors and appropriate spatial scale(s) is fundamental when modelling species response to climate change. We evaluated whether the effects of climate factors on species distribution/occurrence are consistently modelled over different spatial scales in birds, and used a two-scale approach to identify species-climate correlations unlikely to represent causal effects. We used passerine birds inhabiting mountain grassland in the Apennines (Italy) as a model. We surveyed four grassland species at 400 sampling points, and built habitat selection models (territory scale) and distribution models (7 algorithms, landscape scale). We compared the effect of climatic predictors on occurrence/distribution highlighted by models over to the two spatial scales, and with the effects supposed a priori based on the climatic niche of each species. Models at the territory level included at least one climatic predictor for three species; the observed effect of climatic predictors was seldom consistent with supposed effects. At the broadest scale, distribution models for all species included climatic predictors, with varying consistence with supposed effects and findings at the finer scale. Despite the importance of climate for species distribution, occurrence could be more directly related to other factors, with important implications for understanding/predicting the impacts of climate/environmental changes. Our approach revealed key variables for grassland birds, and highlighted the scale-dependent perceived importance of climate. At the local scale, climate effects were weak or hard to interpret. We found a general lack of consistence between supposed and observed effects at the territory level, and between landscape and territory models. Our results show the importance of predicting the potential effect of climatic factors prior to the analyses, carefully selecting ecologically meaningful variables and scales, and evaluating the nature and scale of climate-species links. We call for caution when predicting under future climates, especially when mechanistic effects and consistency across scales lack.
Data from: Climatic factors shape plastic trade-offs in the polyphenic black scavenger fly Sepsis thoracica (Diptera: Sepsidae)
Aim: Trade-offs allow individuals to optimize their fitness by tailoring the investment into different traits to variable environmental conditions, such as along geographic gradients. Trade-offs thus can help in adjusting to changing thermal and insolation profiles, especially in small ectotherms, whose body temperature typically follows environmental temperatures closely. Two traits usually involved in latitudinal adaptation are body size and melanism. Since both traits are costly, individuals need to optimize investment into each trait. Here we studied how environmental factors influence this trade-off in the short and long term. Location: Europe Methods: We raised flies from 15 latitudinal populations at three constant temperatures in a laboratory common garden to differentiate plastic and evolutionary responses to temperature. We further analysed how the different insolation components of the populations' habitats influenced the evolution of the trade-off. Results: Male Sepsis thoracica (Diptera: Sepsidae) feature a sigmoid relationship between melanism and body size, defining two strikingly different male morphs: obsidian (small and black) and amber (large and orange). This relationship was altered by the developmental temperature, documenting its plasticity. The relationship further evolved across populations in response to the environmental characteristics of their habitat, notably temperature, insolation and UV radiation, suggesting that plasticity also has an underlying genetic basis. Nevertheless, melanism, but not body size, merely slightly increased with latitude. Main Conclusions: As the plastic and evolutionary responses of the relationship to temperature differed, plasticity does not necessarily follow the direction of evolution of this trade-off, but rather adds to it. Our study evinces the role of several environmental factors in shaping the evolution of a plastic melanism – body size relationship defining a rare male polymorphism in temperate sepsid flies.
From glacial refugia to hydrological microrefugia: factors and processes driving the persistence of the climate relict tree Zelkova sicula
<p>With only two tiny populations, the climate relict <i>Zelkova sicula</i> (Sicily, Italy) is one of the rarest trees in the world. It also represents the most marginal member of genus <i>Zelkova</i> that was widespread in the broadleaved forests thriving in warm-temperate climates throughout Eurasia until the Last Glacial Age. Occurring at the westernmost range of the genus under typical Mediterranean climate, the micro-topographic settings have always appeared crucial for the survival of this Sicilian relict. However, the factors and processes actually involved in its persistence in the current refugia, as well as the response of similar relict trees in arid environments are poorly understood worldwide. In the aim to elucidate these aspects, in the two sites hosting <i>Z. sicula</i> analyses of topographical attributes were combined with investigations on soil moisture dynamics. Additionally, plants' growth and spatial distribution patterns were analysed to detect fine-scale differences between populations and assess the possible ecological amplitude of the species.</p> <p>Results revealed that convergent topographies are basic determinants of microrefugia in arid environments. Within the investigated sites, underground moisture never decreases below 25%, buffering seasonal rainfall fluctuations. Therefore, hydrological microrefugia play a key-role in decoupling from regional climate, supporting the target species in coping with an unsuitable climatic envelope. Additionally, the inter-population variability of biometric attributes showed that individual growth is site-dependent and the species retains a relative ecological plasticity, whereas the strongly clumped spatial patterns confirmed the exclusive vegetative propagation and the common clonal growth. On one hand, deeply incised landforms have acted as effective hydrologic microrefugia, on the other clonality coupled with triploidy supposedly improved the resistance of <i>Z. sicula</i> to harsh environments, though entailing inability to reproduce sexually. Most likely, sterility and environmental/physical barriers prevent since millennia this relict from leaving the last suitable microrefugia, resulting in the two current rear-edge populations.</p>
Data for: Unraveling the influence of essential climatic factors on the number of tones through an extensive database of languages in China
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Multiple climatic factors co-regulate the accumulation and geospatial distribution of bufogenins in Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor poison glands
<p>The eight main climatic factors included TEM_Avg, TEM_Max, TEM_Min, RHU_Avg, PRE_Time, PRE_Max, GST_Max and GST_Min. Data of related climatic factors were obtained from China Meteorological Administration.</p>
Data for paper "Diagnosing the factors that contribute to the intermodel spread of climate feedback in CMIP6"
<p>This data deposit includes the model simulation data and intermediate data. All data is annunal mean to reduce the size.</p> <p>The globalmean.zip includes the global mean radiative repsonse data. </p> <p>The annualmean.zip includes the annual mean data of all model simulations done and have been regridded to 2x2.5 degree resolution. </p>
Unraveling the influence of essential climatic factors on the number of tones through an extensive database of languages in China
<h2><strong>Code</strong></h2> <ul> <li><strong>01TextGrid.</strong><strong>p</strong><strong>raat<br></strong>Segment and label the sound files in all folders under the directory</li> <li><strong>02Extract voice quality data.praat<br></strong>Extract voice quality parameters, including jitter, shimmer, HNR, CPP, H1-H2, H1-A1, H1-A2, and H1-A3</li> <li><strong>03Extract pitch data.praat<br></strong>Extract pitch data, including maximum, minimum, range, mean, upper quartile, lower quartile, pitch inter-quartile range, and median absolute deviation</li> <li><strong>04Correlation Analysis and Mantel Test.R<br></strong>Correlation tests between different variables and create correlation plots.</li> <li><strong>05GAMM_Voice quality~Climate factors.R<br></strong>Examine the relationship between climate factors and voice quality</li> <li><strong>06GAMM_Tone ~ Voice quality.R<br></strong>Examine the relationship between voice quality and the number of tones</li> <li><strong>07GAMM_Tone~Climate factors.R<strong><br></strong></strong>Examine the relationship between climate factors and the number of tones</li> <li><strong>08GAMM_Pitch~Climate factors.R<br></strong>Examine the relationship between pitch variation, the number of tones, and climate factors</li> </ul> <h2><strong>Data</strong></h2> <p>All extracted data files are in the data folder.</p> <ul> <li><strong>1525dataset.csv<br></strong>The file includes data for 1,525 language varieties with the following information: geographic location names (column A), linguistic classification and ASJP name information (columns B-E), longitude and latitude and information (columns F-G), number of tones (column H), Pitch information (columns I-J), voice quality information (columns K-R), climate information (columns S-X)</li> <li><strong>Geographical distance.csv<br></strong>The geographic distances between 1,525 language varieties were calculated using the Delaunay-Dijkstra method</li> <li><strong>Language distance.csv<br></strong>The language distances between 1,525 language varieties were calculated using the ASJP method.</li> <li><strong>S</strong><strong>pecifichumiditydif</strong><strong>.csv<br></strong>Specific humidity difference dataset for the locations of 1,525 language varieties</li> <li><strong>Tonedif.csv<br></strong>Tone difference dataset among 1,525 language varieties</li> <li><strong>Voice quality data extracted using different methods.csv<br></strong>Voice quality data for 1,115 dialectal variants, analyzed at both the lexical level and the vowel "a" level. Columns B–I present voice quality parameters extracted from the vowel, while columns J–Q provide data extracted from the lexical items.</li> </ul>
Data from: How bird clades diversify in response to climatic and geographic factors
While the environmental correlates of global patterns in standing species richness are well understood, it is poorly known which environmental factors promote diversification (speciation minus extinction) in clades. We tested several hypotheses for how geographic and climatic variables should affect diversification using a large dataset of bird sister genera endemic to the New World. We found support for the area, evolutionary speed, environmental predictability and climatic stability hypotheses, but productivity and topographic complexity were rejected as explanations. Genera that had accumulated more species tend to occupy wider niche space, manifested both as occurrence over wider areas and in more habitats. Genera with geographic ranges that have remained more stable in response to glacial-interglacial changes in climate were also more species rich. Since many relevant explanatory variables vary latitudinally, it is crucial to control for latitude when testing alternative mechanistic explanations for geographic variation in diversification among clades.
Figure 7 in Reflection of the Neogene-Quaternary phylogeography in the recent distribution limiting climatic factors of eight Mediterranean Phlebotomus species (Diptera: Psychodidae)
Figure 7. The hierarchical factor analysis of the monthly mean temperature values (°C), the maximum of the monthly mean temperature values (°C), the minimum of the monthly minimum temperature values (°C), the maximum of the monthly minimum temperature values (°C), the minimum of the monthly precipitation values (mm) and the maximum of the monthly precipitation values (mm) limits of the eight studied Phlebotomus species.
Figure 2 in Reflection of the Neogene-Quaternary phylogeography in the recent distribution limiting climatic factors of eight Mediterranean Phlebotomus species (Diptera: Psychodidae)
Figure 2. Jaccard indices of countrywide sand fly diversities according to the Italy focus, based on the eight involved Phlebotomus species.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.