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206 results for “clines”
Parasite infection and the movement of the aquatic snail Potamopyrgus antipodarum along a depth cline
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Parallel flowering time clines in native and introduced ragweed populations are likely due to adaptation
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Contrasting latitudinal clines of nematode diversity in Spartina alterniflora saltmarshes between native and introduced ranges
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Data from: Incomplete loss of a conserved trait: function, latitudinal cline, and genetic constraints
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Latitudinal cline in the foraging dichotomy of loggerhead sea turtles reveals the importance of East China Sea for priority conservation
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Data from: Elevational cline in herbivore abundance driven by a monotonic increase in trophic level sensitivity to aridity
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Data for: Latitudinal cline of death-feigning behaviour in a beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
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Data from: A latitudinal cline in the taxonomic structure of eelgrass epifaunal communities is associated with plant genetic diversity
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Data from: Integrating Bayesian genomic cline analyses and association mapping of morphological and ecological traits to dissect reproductive isolation and introgression in a Louisiana Iris hybrid zone
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Data from: Manipulation of cytosine methylation does not remove latitudinal clines in two invasive goldenrod species in Central Europe
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Data for paper: The making of a genetic cline: introgression of oceanic genes into coastal cod populations in the North East Atlantic
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Data from: Low temperatures impact species distributions of jumping spiders across a desert elevational cline
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FIGURE 2 in Five new species of Lamiogethes Audisio & Cline from China (Coleoptera Nitidulidae: Meligethinae)
FIGURE 2. Male genitalia (tegmen and median lobe of aedeagus, dorsal view) of Lamiogethes spp.: a–b, L. falcatus sp. n., male from China, Sichuan; c–d, L. hastipenis sp. n., male from China, Hubei; e–f, L. sagittalis sp. n., male from China, Shaanxi; g–h, L. unditibiis sp. n., male from China, Chongqing; i–j, L. limaelytralis sp. n., male from China, Sichuan. Scale bar: 0.2 mm (Figs. a–j).
FIGURE 3 in Five new species of Lamiogethes Audisio & Cline from China (Coleoptera Nitidulidae: Meligethinae)
FIGURE 3. Female genitalia (ovipositor, ventral view) of Lamiogethes spp. (a–c): a, L. falcatus sp. n. from China, Sichuan (female not selected as paratype); b, L. sagittalis sp. n., female from China, Shaanxi; c, L. unditibiis sp. n., female from China, Chongqing. Protibiae of Lamiogethes spp. (d–h): d, L. falcatus sp. n., male from China, Sichuan; e, L. hastipenis sp. n., male from China, Hubei; f, L. sagittalis sp. n., male from China, Shaanxi; g, L. unditibiis sp. n., male from China, Chongqing; h, L. limaelytralis sp. n., male from China, Sichuan. Metatibiae of Lamiogethes spp. (i–j): i, L. falcatus sp. n., male from China, Sichuan; j, L. unditibiis sp. n., male from China, Chongqing. Scale bar: 0.2 mm (Figs. a–j).
FIGURE 1 in Five new species of Lamiogethes Audisio & Cline from China (Coleoptera Nitidulidae: Meligethinae)
FIGURE 1. Habitus of Lamiogethes spp.: a, L. falcatus sp. n. male from China, Sichuan; b, L. hastipenis sp. n., male from China, Hubei; c, L. sagittalis sp. n., male from China, Shaanxi; d, L. unditibiis sp. n., male from China, Chongqing; e, L. limaelytralis sp. n., male from China, Sichuan. Scale bar: 0.5 mm (Figs. a–e).
FIGURE 4 in Five new species of Lamiogethes Audisio & Cline from China (Coleoptera Nitidulidae: Meligethinae)
FIGURE 4. Map of vegetation zones of China. For complete details refer to Fang et al. (2002) and http://www.chinamaps. org/china/china-land-cover-map-large-2.html.
Contribution of genetic versus plastic responses to adaptive patterns in a widespread butterfly along a latitudinal cline
<p>Understanding how organisms adapt to complex environments is a central goal of evolutionary biology and ecology. This issue is of special interest in the current era of rapidly changing climatic conditions. Here, we investigate clinal variation and plastic responses in life history, morphology, and physiology in the butterfly <i>Pieris napi</i> along a pan-European gradient by exposing butterflies raised in captivity to different temperatures. We found clinal variation in body size, growth rates and concomitant development time, wing aspect ratio, wing melanisation, and heat tolerance. Individuals from warmer environments were more heat-tolerant, had less melanised wings and a shorter development but still they were larger than individuals from cooler environments. These findings suggest selection for rapid growth in the warmth and for wing melanisation in the cold, and thus fine-tuned genetic adaptation to local climates. Irrespective of the origin of butterflies, the effects of higher developmental temperature were largely as expected, speeding up development, reducing body size, potential metabolic activity, and wing melanisation, while increasing heat tolerance. At least in part, these patterns likely reflect adaptive phenotypic plasticity. In summary, our study revealed pronounced plastic and genetic responses, which may indicate high adaptive capacities in our study organism. Whether this may help such species though to deal with current climate change needs further investigation, as clinal patterns have typically evolved over long periods.</p>
Secondary contact zones of closely-related Erebia butterflies overlap with narrow phenotypic and parasitic clines
Zones of secondary contact between closely related taxa are a common legacy of the Quaternary ice ages. Despite their abundance, the factors that keep species apart and prevent hybridisation are often unknown. Here we study a very narrow contact zone between three closely related butterfly species of the Erebia tyndarus species complex. Using genomic data, we first determined if gene flow occurs and then assessed whether it might be hampered by differences in chromosome number between some species. We found interspecific gene flow between sibling species that differ in karyotype by one chromosome. Conversely, only F1 hybrids occurred between two species that have the same karyotype, forming a steep genomic cline. In a second step, we fitted clines to phenotypic, ecological and parasitic data to identify the factors associated with the genetic cline. We found clines for phenotypic data and the prevalence of the endosymbiont parasite Wolbachia to overlap with the genetic cline, suggesting that they might be drivers for separating the two species. Overall our results highlight that some gene flow is possible between closely-related species despite different chromosome numbers, but that other barriers restrict such gene flow.
Temperature drives caste-specific morphological clines in ants
The morphology of organisms relates to most aspects of their life history and autecology. In particular, morphology can reflect adaptation to the abiotic environment in which species occur. As such, elucidating the drivers of morphological variation along environmental gradients might give insight into processes limiting species distributions. In eusocial organisms, the concept of morphology is more complex than in solitary organisms. Eusocial insects such as ants exhibit drastic morphological differences between reproductive and worker castes. How environmental selection operates on the morphology of each caste, and whether caste-specific selection has fitness consequences is largely unknown, but potentially crucial to understand what limits ant species' distributions. Here, we used 26,472 georeferenced morphometric measurements from 2206 individual ants belonging to 32 closely related North American species in the genus Formica to assess how ant morphology relates to geographic variation in the abiotic environment. Although precipitation and seasonality explained some of the geographic variation in morphology, temperature was the best predictor. Specifically, geographic variation in body size was positively related to temperature, meaning that ants are smaller in cold than in warm environments. Moreover, the strength of the relationship between size and temperature was stronger for the reproductive castes (i.e. queens and males) than for the worker caste. The shape of workers and males also varied along these large-scale abiotic gradients. Specifically, the relative length of workers' legs, thoraxes and antennae positively related to temperature, meaning that they had shorter appendages in cold environments. In contrast, males had smaller heads, but larger thoraxes in more seasonal environments. Overall, our results suggest that geographic variation in ambient temperature influences the morphology of ants, but that the strength of this effect is caste-specific. The effect of temperature on the queen caste may play an important role in determining colony fitness, and perhaps, limiting northern distributional limits. In conclusion, whereas ant ecology has traditionally focused on the worker caste, our study shows that considering the ecology of the reproductive castes is imperative to move forward in this field. 04-Aug-2020
ClinePlotR: Visualizing genomic clines and detecting outliers in R
<p class="Normal1">Patterns of multi-locus differentiation (i.e., genomic clines) often extend broadly across hybrid zones and their quantification can help diagnose how species boundaries are shaped by adaptive processes, both intrinsic and extrinsic. In this sense, the transitioning of loci across admixed individuals can be contrasted as a function of the genome-wide trend, in turn allowing an expansion of clinal theory across a much wider array of biodiversity. However, computational tools that serve to interpret and consequently visualize 'genomic clines' are limited.</p> <p>Here, we introduce the <span class="MsoSubtleReference">ClinePlotR R</span>-package for visualizing genomic clines and detecting outlier loci using output generated by two popular software packages, <span class="MsoSubtleReference">bgc </span>and <span class="MsoSubtleReference">Introgress.</span></p> <p><span class="MsoSubtleReference">ClinePlotR </span>bundles both input generation (i.e, filtering datasets and creating specialized file formats) and output processing (e.g., MCMC thinning and burn-in) with functions that directly facilitate interpretation and hypothesis testing. Tools are also provided for post-hoc analyses that interface with external packages such as <span class="MsoSubtleReference">ENMeval </span>and <span class="MsoSubtleReference">RIdeogram</span></p> <p>Our package increases the reproducibility and accessibility of genomic cline methods, thus allowing an expanded user base and promoting these methods as mechanisms to address diverse evolutionary questions in both model and non-model organisms.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.