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Fig. 5 in Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group - the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Fig. 5. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of of Echinoderes gerardi Higgins, 1978. A, F. Holotype, ♀ (USNM-54841). B–E, G–H. ♀, non-type from Turkey (NHMD-616810). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1 to 6, dorsal view. C. Segments 1 to 4, ventral view. D. Segments 5 to 9, dorsal view. E. Segments 6 to 8, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. F. Segments 8 to 9, dorsal view. G. Detail of segments 7 to 8 showing middorsal spines. H. Segments 10 to 11, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism.

Fig. 3 in Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group - the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Fig. 3. Diagram of mouth cone (grey area), introvert and placids in Echinoderes dujardinii Claparède, 1863, showing distribution of inner oral styles (full circles), outer oral styles (diamonds), primary scalids (triangles), spinoscalids (thick open circles), and trichoscalids (stars), with positions of trichoscalid plates and placids indicated. Table shows the scalid arrangement by sector; single-lined boxes mark quincunxes, double-lined boxes mark 'double diamonds'.

Fig. 4 in Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group - the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Fig. 4. Scanning electron micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes dujardinii Claparède, 1863. A–B, D, G–H, K. ♀ (MVS, personal reference collection). C, E–F, I–J. ♂ (MVS, personal reference collection). A. Lateroventral overview. B. Head with mouth cone and introvert, ventral view; inset shows detail of primary spinoscalid fringes attaching along a longitudinal line, and the median basal sheath spike of the Ring 03 spinoscalid. C. Segments 1 to 2, dorsal view. D. Segments 1 to 2, lateral view. E. Segments 1 to 2, ventral view. F. Segments 4 to 7, subdorsal view; inset shows the minute midlateral sensory spot on segment 4. G. Segments 8 to 9, lateral view; inset shows detail of sieve plate and lateroventral spine of segment 9. H. Segments 5 to 8, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism; inset shows detail of glandular cell outlet type 1, sensory spot and female papillae on left sternal plate of segment 6. I. Segments 10 to 11 ventrolateral view, showing male sexual dimorphism. J. Segments 10 to 11 lateral view, showing male sexual dimorphism. K. Segments 10 to 11 ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism.

Fig. 2 in Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group - the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Fig. 2. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes dujardinii Claparède, 1863, non-types from Ria Formosa, Faro, Portugal.A–D, F–G. ♂ (NHMD-616804). E, H. ♀ (NHMD-616824). A. Ventral overview. B. Segments 1 to 3, dorsal view. C. Segments 1 to 3, ventral view. D. Segments 4 to 9, dorsal view. E. Segments 5 to 9, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. F. Segments 7 to 10, dorsal view. G. Segments 10 to 11, ventral view, showing male sexual dimorphism. H. Segments 10 to 11, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism.

Fig. 1 in Description, redescription and revision of sixteen putatively closely related species of Echinoderes (Kinorhyncha: Cyclorhagida), with the proposition of a new species group - the Echinoderes dujardinii group

Fig. 1. Light micrographs showing overviews and details of Echinoderes aureus Adrianov et al., 2002. A. Allotype, ♀ (SMBL-397). B–C. Non-type ♀ from Tanegashima (NHMD-664220). D–K. Topotype, ♀ (ICHUM-6124). A. Ventral overview. B. Dorsal overview. C. Ventral overview. D. Segments 1 to 3, dorsal view. E. Segments 1 to 3, ventral view. F. Segments 3 to 6, dorsal view. G. Segments 6 to 8, dorsal view. H. Segments 6 to 8, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism. I. Segments 7 to 9, dorsal view. J. Segments 10 to 11, focused on posterior margin of tergal plate of segment 11, showing female sexual dimorphism. K. Segments 10 to 11, ventral view, showing female sexual dimorphism.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

FIGURE 4 in Redescriptions of two closely related East Asian flatfish species of the genus Pleuronichthys

FIGURE 4. Trunk squamation (ocular side) of Pleuronichthys lighti (A, B) and P. cornutus (C, D). A: BSKU 37610; B: SNFR 13740; C: SNFR 1428; D: SNFR 15497 - 2.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

FIGURE 3 in Redescriptions of two closely related East Asian flatfish species of the genus Pleuronichthys

FIGURE 3. Scales of Pleuronichthys lighti (A – C) and P. cornutus (D – F). A, D: ocular side, trunk, area above lateral line; B, E: ocular side, trunk, area below lateral line; C, F: blind side, trunk, area above lateral line. Bars indicate 0.2 mm. Photographs selectively cited from Yokogawa & Watanabe (2011).

Fig. 6 in A new vanilla species from Costa Rica closely related to V. planifolia (Orchidaceae)

Fig. 6. Croquis drawing of a Fower of Vanilla sotoarenasii M.Pignal, Azofeifa-Bolaños & Grisoni sp. nov.

Fig. 5 in A new vanilla species from Costa Rica closely related to V. planifolia (Orchidaceae)

Fig. 5. Phylogenetic tree derived from the partial matK sequences (725 positions) of the 55 accessions listed in Table 1, showing the Vanilla sotoarenasii M.Pignal, Azofeifa-Bolaños & Grisoni sp. nov. accessions (red dots) within the V. planifolia clade but distinct from other related species. The tree was inferred using the Maximum Likelihood method based on the Hasegawa-Kishino-Yano model and Gamma distribution of evolutionary rates. The Fgures indicate the percentage of bootstrap support. Countries of origin: Bra = Brazil; CR = Costa Rica; FGu = French Guiana; FPo = French Polynesia; Mad = Madagascar; Mex = Mexico; Run = La Réunion; na = geographic origin not available. Numbers in brackets indicate the number of similar accessions merged in one branch for outgroup species.

Fig. 4 in A new vanilla species from Costa Rica closely related to V. planifolia (Orchidaceae)

Fig. 4. Phylogenetic tree derived from the partial ITS sequences (506 positions) of the 125 accessions listed in Table 1, showing the differentiation of the Vanilla sotoarenasii M.Pignal, Azofeifa-Bolaños & Grisoni sp. nov. clade from V. planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews and all other related species. The tree was inferred using the Maximum Likelihood method based on the Tamura-Nei model with invariant sites and Gamma distribution of evolutionary rates. The Fgures indicate the percentage of bootstrap support. Branches with less than 65% support were collapsed. Countries of origin: Bra = Brazil; Com = Comoros: CR = Costa Rica; FGu = French Guiana; FPo = French Polynesia; Gua = Guatemala; Hon = Honduras; Mad = Madagascar; May = Mayotte; Mex = Mexico; Run = La Réunion; na = geographic origin not available. Numbers in brackets indicate the number of similar accessions merged in one branch for outgroup species.

Fig. 3 in A new vanilla species from Costa Rica closely related to V. planifolia (Orchidaceae)

Fig. 3. Comparison of morphological traits between Vanilla sotoarenasii M.Pignal, Azofeifa-Bolaños & Grisoni sp. nov. (accession CR0068) and V. planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews (CR0196) cultivated under shade house in La Réunion. A. Front view of entire Fowers. B. Separated Fower parts. C. Mature fruits. D. Leaves.

Fig. 2 in A new vanilla species from Costa Rica closely related to V. planifolia (Orchidaceae)

Fig. 2. Natural biotope of Vanilla sotoarenasii M.Pignal, Azofeifa-Bolaños & Grisoni sp. nov. (VanL) at Refugio Nacional Mixto de Vida Silvestre, Gandonca Manzanillo, Costa Rica. A. View of the littoral region of Limón Province harboring VanL populations. B. Important development of VanL in the humid littoral forests of Limón. C. Flower of VanL. D. Naturally pollinated fruits of VanL at maturity.

Fig. 1 in A new vanilla species from Costa Rica closely related to V. planifolia (Orchidaceae)

Fig. 1. Localization of Vanilla sotoarenasii M.Pignal, Azofeifa-Bolaños & Grisoni sp. nov. (VanL) and V. planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews samples collected in Costa Rica.

opencc-zeroNov 2023View details →

dryad40/100

Data for: Pollinator and habitat-mediated selection as potential contributors to ecological speciation in two closely related species

In ecological speciation, incipient species diverge due to natural selection that is ecologically based. In flowering plants, different pollinators could mediate that selection (pollinator-mediated divergent selection) or other features of the environment that differ between habitats of two species could do so (environment-mediated divergent selection). Although these mechanisms are well understood, they have received little rigorous testing, as few studies of divergent selection across sites of closely related species include both floral traits that influence pollination and vegetative traits that influence survival. This study employed common gardens in sites of the two parental species and a hybrid site, each containing advanced generation hybrids along with the parental species, to test these forms of ecological speciation in plants of the genus Ipomopsis. Three vegetative traits (specific leaf area, leaf trichomes, and photosynthetic water-use efficiency) and five floral traits (corolla length and width, anther insertion, petal color, nectar production) were analyzed for impacts on fitness components (survival to flowering and seeds per flower, respectively). These traits exhibited strong clines across the elevational gradient in the hybrid zone, with narrower clines in theory reflecting stronger selection or higher genetic variance. Plants with long corollas and inserted anthers had higher seeds per flower at the I. tenuituba site, whereas selection favored the reverse condition at the I. aggregata site, a signature of divergent selection. In contrast, no divergent selection due to variation in survival was detected on any vegetative trait. Selection within the hybrid zone most closely resembled selection within the I. aggregata site. Across traits, the strength of divergent selection was not significantly correlated with width of the cline, which was better predicted by evolvability (standardized genetic variance). These results support the role of pollinator-mediated divergent selection in ecological speciation and illustrate the importance of genetic variance in determining divergence across hybrid zones.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Dataset from Castel et al. 'Genetic sex determination in three closely related hydrothermal vent gastropods, including one species with intersex individuals'

This is the dataset used in "Genetic sex determination in three closely related hydrothermal vent gastropods, including one species with intersex individuals" Castel J, Pradillon F, Cueff V, Leger G, Daguin-Thiébaut C, Ruault S, Mary J, Hourdez S, Jollivet D, and Broquet T

Figure 4 in Phlebotomus (Paraphlebotomus) chabaudi and Phlebotomus riouxi: closely related species or synonyms?

Figure 4. Phylogenetic tree inferred from Phlebotomus chabaudi and Ph. riouxi specimens using the data of elongation factor 1-a gene. Sequences of Ph. chabaudi published by Tabbabi et al. (2014) were added to the analyses. The phylogram results from bootstrapped data sets obtained using the PhyML 3.0 program [21] using the HKY85 [25] + I (proportion of invariant sites) model. The tree was visualized using the TreeDyn program, version 198.3 [7]. Percentages shown above the branches are the frequencies at which a given branch appeared in 500 bootstrap replications. Only bootstrap values higher than 50% on the early branches are shown. A sequence of Ph. sergenti (EF416841) was used as the outgroup. The sequences marked by * were published by Tabbabi et al. (2014); R = sequences found in specimens morphologically characterized as Ph. riouxi. RC = sequences found in specimens morphologically characterized as Ph. chabaudi or Ph. riouxi. Int = sequences found in specimens morphologically characterized as intermediate between Ph. riouxi and Ph. chabaudi. RCint = sequences found in specimens morphologically characterized as Ph. riouxi, Ph. chabaudi and intermediate specimens between the two species.

Figure 7 in Phlebotomus (Paraphlebotomus) chabaudi and Phlebotomus riouxi: closely related species or synonyms?

Figure 7. Differentiation criteria of males (A to F) 100X. A and D: aedeagus and basal lobe of coxite of Ph. chabaudi (SMO562); B and E: aedeagus and basal lobe of coxite of Ph. riouxi from Algeria (RX2); C and F: aedeagus and basal lobe of coxite of Ph. riouxi from Tunisia (TAT63). All photographs are set on the same scale.

Figure 8 in Phlebotomus (Paraphlebotomus) chabaudi and Phlebotomus riouxi: closely related species or synonyms?

Figure 8. Differentiation criteria of females (A to D), 100X. A and C: pharynx and spermathecae of Ph. chabaudi (CBZAT583); B and D: pharynx and spermathecae of Ph. riouxi (TAT186 and TAT24). All photographs are set on the same scale.

Figure 1 in Phlebotomus (Paraphlebotomus) chabaudi and Phlebotomus riouxi: closely related species or synonyms?

Figure 1. Sampling locations. Numbers indicate the number of specimens studied with round and square symbols corresponding to Ph. chabaudi and Ph. riouxi, respectively. Samples with a black fill come from Tabbabi's sampling while those with a white fill come from our sampling. The three uncertain specimens of Tabbabi are indicated by a rounded square.

Figure 3. Phylogenetic tree inferred from cytochrome B in Phlebotomus (Paraphlebotomus) chabaudi and Phlebotomus riouxi: closely related species or synonyms?

Figure 3. Phylogenetic tree inferred from cytochrome B data of Phlebotomus chabaudi and Ph. riouxi specimens. We added to the analysis the sequences of Ph. chabaudi published by Tabbabi et al. (2014). The phylogram results from bootstrapped data sets obtained using the PhyML 3.0 program [21] using GTR (general time reversible) + G distribution (gamma distribution of rates with four rate categories). The tree was visualized using the TreeDyn program, version 198.3 [7]. The percentages above the branches are the frequencies with which a given branch appeared in 500 bootstrap replications. Only bootstrap values higher than 50% on the early branches are shown. A sequence of Ph. sergenti (AF161216) was used as the outgroup. The sequences marked by * were published by Tabbabi et al. (2014); R = sequences found in specimens morphologically characterized as Ph. riouxi. C = sequences found in specimens morphologically characterized as Ph. chabaudi. RC = sequences found in specimens morphologically characterized as Ph. chabaudi or Ph. riouxi. Int = sequences found in specimens morphologically characterized as intermediate between Ph. riouxi and Ph. chabaudi.