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99 results for “coastal dune”
FIGURE 2 in A molecular phylogeny of the " Madascincus polleni species complex ", with description of a new species of scincid lizard from the coastal dune area of northern Madagascar
FIGURE 2. Schematic drawings of the holotype of Madascincus arenicola sp. nov. (ZSM 1565/2008); (A) dorsal, (B) ventral and (C) lateral view of the right side of the head, (D) detail of right eye. Scale bars = 1 mm.
Habitat mapping of coastal dunes with deep learning - Scripts & Data
<p><strong>Authors</strong>: Eva M. Lansu, Valérie C. Reijers, Freek Daniëls, Rebecca James, Marjolijn J. A. Christianen, Tjisse van der Heide</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p><span lang="EN-GB">About one-third of the world's shoreline is defined by sandy coasts with developed dune ecosystems</span><span lang="EN-GB">. </span><span lang="EN-GB">These ecosystems </span><span lang="EN-GB">drastically degraded them due to anthropogenic pressures. </span><span lang="EN-GB">To develop strategic management that counteracts this degradation, it is essential to closely monitor ongoing habitat changes.</span><span lang="EN-GB"> Traditionally, coastal dune monitoring is based on field observations, which are labour intensive and costly. While automated analyses of aerial imagery could reduce monitoring efforts and enhance spatial coverage, t</span><span lang="EN-GB">o date, its application </span><span><span lang="EN-GB">has </span></span><span><span lang="EN-GB">remained limited to a single small-scale trial (<2 km</span></span><span><sup><span lang="EN-GB">2</span></sup></span><span><span lang="EN-GB">). </span></span><span><span lang="EN-GB">Here, we trained a Convolutional Neural Network to map the Dutch coastal dunes </span></span><span><span lang="EN-GB">(562 km<sup>2</sup>) </span></span><span><span lang="EN-GB">at 25 cm resolution using six habitat classes: bare sand, shrubs, fresh water, grass, broadleaf trees, and needleleaf trees. </span></span><span lang="EN-GB">Training the network on only RGB imagery resulted in predictions with 92% accuracy, 80% average recall and 70% precision. Model performance increased when the network was trained on all available data - RGB imagery, near-infrared, distance to sea, digital surface model, and canopy height - resulting in 95% accuracy, 88% averaged recall and 80% precision. Finally, we compared the predictions with 499 in-field observations across the Dutch coastal dunes and found 88% accuracy, 74% averaged recall and 62% precision. We used this model to create a map of the entire Dutch coastal dunes, which enables </span><span lang="EN-GB">rapid and precise </span><span lang="EN-GB">assessments of habitat diversity and extent</span><span lang="EN-GB">. As habitat and species diversity are intrinsically linked, our results showcase how automated image analysis can enable biodiversity monitoring on a national scale. </span></p> <p>==============================================</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>The analyses rely on the following datasets:</p> <ul> <li>Orthophoto mosaics including a near-infrared band (from <u><a href="http://geotiles.nl/">http://geotiles.nl/</a></u>)</li> <li>Digital surface model and a digital terrain model (from <a href="https://www.ahn.nl/">https://www.ahn.nl/</a>)</li> <li>A land-use map (from <u><a href="https://lgn.nl/basiskaart">https://lgn.nl/basiskaart)</a></u></li> </ul>
Effects of temperature on seed dormancy and germination of the coastal dune plant Viola grayi: Germination phenology and responses to winter warming
<p>PREMISE: In temperate sand dunes, rising air temperature owing to climate change could not only further elevate surface soil temperatures during summers but also drastically change the range of soil temperatures in other seasons. Winter warming may shift the timing of seed germination of dune species that require cold stratification for dormancy release.</p> <p>METHODS: We assessed the effects of temperature on dormancy and germination of <i>Viola grayi</i> seeds and evaluated whether winter warming could affect its germination phenology by conducting germination experiments and analyzing soil temperature data in cold and warm winters.</p> <p>RESULTS: <i>Viola grayi</i> seeds were dormant when dispersed in spring. One-month moist-chilling treatment (4°C) effectively released dormancy, while short, intermittent lower temperatures (alternating 20/5°C) did not. Continuous higher temperatures induced secondary dormancy in non-dormant seeds. During a cold, snowy winter, the surface soil temperatures of the sand dune remained at 0–2°C for approximately one month owing to the accumulated snow, while the period of such stable low soil temperatures was much shorter during a warm, less snowy winter, and the highest soil temperature class reached 20–25°C. These results suggest that dispersed seeds germinate in the following spring after winter chilling, but they may remain dormant after warm winters.</p> <p>CONCLUSIONS: With winter warming, prolonged seed dormancy and associated germination delay could occur in <i>V. grayi</i> seeds. Assessing the minimum requirements for dormancy release and the potential to form persistent soil seed banks is important for judging the necessity and urgency of conservation efforts for temperate dune species.</p>
Distribution. SE Brazil, restricted to the coastal dunes of Rio Grande do Sul State, from Arroio do Sal (29°33°05" S and 49°52°53" W) S to Chui Beach (33°44'46" S and 53°22' 54" W) and the Rio Chui; possibly also in coastal S Santa Catarina State and N Uruguay. in Ctenomyidae
Distribution. SE Brazil, restricted to the coastal dunes of Rio Grande do Sul State, from Arroio do Sal (29°33°05" S and 49°52°53" W) S to Chui Beach (33°44'46" S and 53°22' 54" W) and the Rio Chui; possibly also in coastal S Santa Catarina State and N Uruguay.
FIGURE 15. a, sandy coastal dunes with O in Immature stages of the genus Oxythyrea (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) with a key to third instar larvae, and notes on the biology of the genus
FIGURE 15. a, sandy coastal dunes with O. dulcis (Greece: Stomio, May 2015) © P. Šípek; b, O. dulcis in Calystegia soldanella (Greece: Stomio, May 2015) © D. Vondráček; c, O. dulcis on Anthemis sp. flower (Greece: Stomio, May 2015) © P. Šípek; d–e, sandy coastal dunes with O. dulcis (Greece: Crete, Phalasarna, April 2018) © D. Král; f, sandy coastal dunes with O. dulcis (Greece: Peloponnese, Phalasarna, Kaiafa, April 2018) © D. Král; g, Salvia cf. fructicosa visited by adults of O. dulcis (Greece: Peloponnese, Phalasarna, Kaiafa, April 2018) © D. Král; h, Medicago marina visited by adults of O. dulcis (Greece: Peloponnese, Phalasarna, Kaiafa, April 2018) © D. Král.
FIGURE 14. a, sandy coastal dunes with O in Immature stages of the genus Oxythyrea (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) with a key to third instar larvae, and notes on the biology of the genus
FIGURE 14. a, sandy coastal dunes with O. abigail (Cyprus: Pachyammos, March 2016) © M. Hadjiconstantis; b, mating pair of O. abigail on Centaurea aegialophila (Cyprus: Pachyammos, March 2016) © M. Hadjiconstantis; c, grassland locality with O. albopicta (Georgia: Kacheti, May 2016) © A. Damaška; d, steppic rocky hills with O. albopicta (Macedonia: Negotino, May 2015) © D. Vondráček; e, mating pair of O. albopicta on Onopordum sp. inflorescence (Macedonia: Negotino, May 2015) © P. Šípek; f, male of O. albopicta with typical white pattern on the abdomen sitting on Carduus sp. inflorescence (Macedonia: Negotino, May 2015) © D. Vondráček; g, one of the many biotopes with O. cinctella (Greece: Thessaly, Mt. Оssa, May 2015) © D. Vondráček; h, adults of O. cinctella on Silybum marianum (Macedonia: Negotino, May 2015) © D. Vondráček.
Figure 2 in An isolated crested newt population in Dutch coastal dunes: distribution relict or introduction?
Figure 2. Bayesian phylogeny based on all ND4 mtDNA haplotypes of the northern crested newt Triturus cristatus. The outgroup is not shown. The scale bar shows the expected changes per site. The partitioning into three main clades is based on Wielstra et al. (2015). Haplotypes in blue are (also) present in the Netherlands. See supplementary table S1 for details.
Figure 1 in The conservation paradox of an introduced population of a threatened species: spadefoot toads in the coastal dunes of the Netherlands
Figure 1. Sampling sites of the common spadefoot toad (Pelobates fuscus). The main map shows localities sampled outside and the inset localities sampled inside the Netherlands (see main text for details). A rough outline of the natural distribution range in the Netherlands is shaded grey. Localities that contain haplotypes found in the Netherlands are colour coded; otherwise they are left grey (FUS stands for P. fuscus). Sampling details are in supplementary table S1.
Figure 4 in The introduction of three cryptic tree frog species in the Dutch coastal dunes challenges conservation paradigms
Figure 4. Majority rule consensus phylogenetic tree resulting from Bayesian inference for Hyla orientalis haplotypes. Grey branches indicate the backbone phylogeny with representatives for each Western Palearctic Hyla species; the relatively distinct H. meridionalis and H. carthaginiensis were used as outgroup and are not shown. The pink haplotype is newly identified in the Netherlands; black haplotypes have not been reported in the Netherlands. Haplotype labels correspond to supplementary table S1.
Figure 2 in The introduction of three cryptic tree frog species in the Dutch coastal dunes challenges conservation paradigms
Figure 2. Majority rule consensus tree resulting from Bayesian inference to allocate new Hyla haplotypes to species. Grey branches indicate the backbone phylogeny with representatives for each Western Palearctic Hyla species; the relatively distinct H. meridionalis and H. carthaginiensis were used as outgroup and are not shown. New haplotypes are coloured blue (H. arborea) or pink (H. orientalis). Haplotype labels correspond to supplementary table S1.
Figure 1 in The introduction of three cryptic tree frog species in the Dutch coastal dunes challenges conservation paradigms
Figure 1. Map of the Netherlands showing sampled localities for Hyla tree frogs. A rough outline of the natural tree frog distribution range is shaded grey. Pies are sampled localities. Pie slices are coloured according to haplotype and pie sizes reflect sample sizes. Previously identified haplotypes are labelled 'old' and those newly identified in this study 'new'. The five populations introduced in the coastal dunes are labelled with the (approximate) date of appearance. Sampling details are in supplementary table S1.
Figure 3 in The conservation paradox of an introduced population of a threatened species: spadefoot toads in the coastal dunes of the Netherlands
Figure 3. Haplotype network for the common spadefoot toad (Pelobates fuscus) Haplotypes relevant to the current study are colour coded; the remainder is left grey (details in supplementary table S1). The prefix 'FUS' is not shown for the haplotype codes.
Figure 3 in The introduction of three cryptic tree frog species in the Dutch coastal dunes challenges conservation paradigms
Figure 3. Majority rule consensus phylogenetic tree resulting from Bayesian inference for Hyla arborea haplotypes. Grey branches indicate the backbone phylogeny with representatives for each Western Palearctic Hyla species; the relatively distinct H. meridionalis and H. carthaginiensis were used as outgroup and are not shown. Blue haplotypes are newly identified and orange haplotypes were previously reported haplotypes in the Netherlands; black haplotypes have not been reported in the Netherlands. Haplotype labels correspond to supplementary table S1.
Figure 1 in An isolated crested newt population in Dutch coastal dunes: distribution relict or introduction?
Figure 1. Sampled localities for the northern crested newt Triturus cristatus. The inset shows localities in the Netherlands, coloured based on ND4 mtDNA haplotype. Arrows highlight populations discussed in the text: 1) Meijendel and Westduinpark; 2) Krimpen aan den IJssel and Oudeland; 3) Norg; and 4) Breda. A rough outline of the natural distribution range in the Netherlands is shaded grey. See supplementary table S1 for details. The main map shows haplotype distribution in the rest of Europe and particularly focusses on those haplotypes also present in the Netherlands (see text for details).
Figure 2 in The conservation paradox of an introduced population of a threatened species: spadefoot toads in the coastal dunes of the Netherlands
Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree for common spadefoot toad (Pelobates fuscus) and Pallas's spadefoot toad (P. vespertinus). Haplotypes relevant to the current study are colour coded; the remainder is left grey (details in Table S1). Haplotype abbreviations are: FUS = P. fuscus, VES = P. vespertinus, BAL = P. balcanicus, SYR = P. syriacus, CUL = P. cultripes, and VAR = P. varaldii.
FIGURE 2 in Scaevola rialagartensis (Goodeniaceae), a new species from coastal sand dunes of Rio Lagartos, Yucatan, Mexico
FIGURE 2. Illustration of Scaevola rialagartensis. a, portion of the habit; b, branch with flowers and fruits; c, detail of the leaf; d, portion of the inflorescence; e, flower with stigma details; f, stamen, g, portion of the infrutescence; h, fruit, longitudinal section; i, seed covered with the aril; j, seeds. Illustration by Edmundo Saavedra based on the holotype specimen G. Castillo-Campos & J.J. Pale P. 29321.
FIGURE 3 in Scaevola rialagartensis (Goodeniaceae), a new species from coastal sand dunes of Rio Lagartos, Yucatan, Mexico
FIGURE 3. Scaevola rialagartensis Cast.-Campos sp. nov. in its habitat. a) shrub lying on the sand dune and parasitized by Cassytha filiformis L.; b) branch with inflorescences, flowers in anthesis, and revolute leaves. (Photos G. Castillo-Campos).
FIGURE 3. Salacia frutiplatensis a in Salacia frutiplatensis (Celastraceae, Salacioideae), a new species of the coastal sand dunes of Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico
FIGURE 3. Salacia frutiplatensis a) mature fruits; b) branch with immature fruit; c) immature fruit on tree branch; d) cross-sectional view of a fruit with seeds coated with mucilaginous aril; e) fruit shell without seeds; f) seeds without mucilaginous aril. (Photographs by G. Castillo-Campos).
FIGURE 2 in Salacia frutiplatensis (Celastraceae, Salacioideae), a new species of the coastal sand dunes of Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico
FIGURE 2. Illustration of Salacia frutiplatensis. a, branch with fruit; b, c, leaves; d, petiole; e, f, flowers; g, infructescence; h, i, fruit, cross-section; j, k, l, seeds with and without aril; m, seed, cross-section. Illustration by Edmundo Saavedra based on the holotype specimen G. Castillo-Campos & O. Palacios W. 29785 and G. CastilloCampos & M. Escamilla 29844.
FIGURE 1 in Salacia frutiplatensis (Celastraceae, Salacioideae), a new species of the coastal sand dunes of Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico
FIGURE 1. Location map of Salacia frutiplatensis Cast.-Campos, sp. nov. on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico.
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