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84 results for “colour variation”
FIGURE 6 in Discrimination of the bumble bee species Bombus occidentalis Greene and B. terricola Kirby by morphometric, colour and RAPD variation
FIGURE 6. Right forewing of a Bombus queen. The distance to point E from each of the other 13 points was measured.
FIGURE 2 in Discrimination of the bumble bee species Bombus occidentalis Greene and B. terricola Kirby by morphometric, colour and RAPD variation
FIGURE 2. Two variant colour patterns of B. occidentalis found in Alberta. The specimen on the left has faint yellow hair on the abdomen and some additional yellow on the rear of the thorax, while the specimen on the right has a definite yellow band on abdominal tergum IV.
FIGURE 7 in Discrimination of the bumble bee species Bombus occidentalis Greene and B. terricola Kirby by morphometric, colour and RAPD variation
FIGURE 7. Plot of the first two Canonical scores for the 1985 and 1986 specimens of B. occidentalis and B. terricola. Yellow squares = occidentalis, 1985; green triangles = occidentalis 1986; red circles = terricola, 1985; blue pentagons = terricola 1986.
FIGURE 5 in Discrimination of the bumble bee species Bombus occidentalis Greene and B. terricola Kirby by morphometric, colour and RAPD variation
FIGURE 5. Bumble bee collection locations in Alberta: 1 = Ya-Ha Tinda Ranch, 2 = Calgary, 3= Sibbald Flats, 4 = Barrier Lake, 5 = Fortress Mountain, 6 = High Level, 7 = Fort McMurray, 8 = Lesser Slave Lake.
FIGURE 3. Tepal colour variation between Calochortus occidentalis and C. fuscus. A in Calochortus occidentalis (Liliaceae), a new species from western Mexico
FIGURE 3. Tepal colour variation between Calochortus occidentalis and C. fuscus. A. Calochortus occidentalis with trichomes strong red and brilliant yellow apically, extended to the mid surface (Rodríguez et al. 4943). B. Calochortus occidentalis type collection with dark red trichomes extended beyond the middle (Rodríguez et al. 7794). C. Calochortus occidentalis posterior view (Rodríguez et al. 5657). D. Calochortus fuscus reddish orange form (García-Martínez 334). E. Calochortus fuscus greenish yellow form (García-Martínez 330). F. Calochortus fuscus posterior view (García-Martínez 335).
Data from: Colour pattern variation forms local background matching camouflage in a leaf-mimicking toad
<p>Optimal camouflage can, in principle, be relatively easily achieved in simple, homogeneous, environments where backgrounds always have the same color, brightness, and patterning. Natural environments are, however, rarely homogenous and species often find themselves viewed against varied backgrounds where the task of concealment is more challenging. One result of variable backgrounds is the evolution of intraspecific phenotypic variation which may either be generalized, with multiple similarly cryptic patterns, or specialized, with each discrete color form maximizing concealment against a single component of the background. We investigated the role of phenotypic variation in a highly variable population of the Neotropical toad <em>Rhinella margaritifera</em> using visual modeling and a computer-based detection task. We found that phenotypic variation was not divided into discrete color morphs and all toads were well camouflaged against the forest floor. However, although the whole population may appear to consist of random samples from the background, the toads were a particularly close match to the leaf litter, suggesting that they masquerade as dead leaves, which are themselves variable. Furthermore, rather than each color form being equally effective against a single background, each toad was specialized towards its own particular local surroundings, as suggested by a specialist strategy. Taken together, these data highlight the importance of background matching to a nominally masquerading species, as well as how habitat heterogeneity at multiple spatial scales may affect the evolution of camouflage and phenotypic variation.</p>
Figure 20. Neolinycus michaelis Heinrich, 1971, colour variation. a in Platylabini (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Ichneumoninae) of the south-eastern United States: new distributional data, taxonomic notes, illustrated keys, and an annotated catalogue of the genera and species
Figure 20. Neolinycus michaelis Heinrich, 1971, colour variation. a) Habitus, lateral view, ♂. b) Habitus, dorsal view, ♂. c) Habitus, dorsal view, ♂. d) Habitus lateral view, ♂. e) Habitus, lateral view, ♀. f) Habitus, dorsal view, ♀.
Data from: Red carotenoids and associated gene expression explain colour variation in frillneck lizards
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Data for: Genetics of continuous colour variation in a pair of sympatric sulphur butterflies
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Data from: Phylogeography and support vector machine classification of colour variation in panther chameleons
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Data from: Colour pattern variation forms local background matching camouflage in a leaf-mimicking toad
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Data from: Avian predation intensity as a driver of clinal variation in colour morph frequency
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Data from: Proximate mechanisms of colour variation in the frillneck lizard: geographical differences in pigment contents of an ornament
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Data from: Roses are red, violets are blue - so how much replication should you do? An assessment of variation in the colour of flowers and birds
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Data from: A genome-wide scan study identifies a single nucleotide substitution in ASIP associated with white versus non-white coat-colour variation in sheep (Ovis aries)
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Data from: Heritability of plumage colour morph variation in a wild population of promiscuous, long-lived Australian magpies
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Data on expert assessments of colour pattern variation in Erebidae and Noctuidae moths in Sweden
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Data from: Temperature-driven colour lightness and body size variation scale to local assemblages of European Odonata but are modified by propensity for dispersal
<p>1. Previous macrophysiological studies suggested that temperature-driven colour lightness and body size variations strongly influence biogeographical patterns in ectotherms. However, these trait-environment relationships scale to local assemblages and the extent to which they can be modified by dispersal remains largely unexplored. We test whether the predictions of the thermal melanism hypothesis and the Bergmann's rule hold for local assemblages. We also assess whether these trait-environment relationships are more important for species adapted to less stable (lentic) habitats, due to their greater dispersal propensity compared to those adapted to stable (lotic) habitats.</p> <p>2. We quantified the colour lightness and body volume of 99 European dragon- and damselflies (Odonata) and combined these trait information with survey data for 518 local assemblages across Europe. Based on this continent-wide yet spatially explicit dataset, we tested for effects temperature and precipitation on the colour lightness and body volume of local assemblages and assessed differences in their relative importance and strength between lentic and lotic assemblages, while accounting for spatial and phylogenetic autocorrelation.</p> <p>3. The colour lightness of assemblages of odonates increased and body size decreased with increasing temperature. Trait-environment relationships in the average and phylogenetic predicted component were equally important for assemblages of both habitat types but were stronger in lentic assemblages when accounting for phylogenetic autocorrelation.</p> <p>4. Our results show that the mechanism underlying colour lightness and body size variations scale to local assemblages, indicating their general importance. These mechanisms were of equal evolutionary significance for lentic and lotic species, but higher dispersal ability seems to enable lentic species to cope better with historical climatic changes. The documented differences between lentic and lotic assemblages also highlight the importance of integrating interactions of thermal adaptations with proxies of the dispersal ability of species into trait-based models, for improving our understanding of climate-driven biological responses.</p>
Spatial and temporal variation in prey colour patterns for background-matching across a continuous heterogeneous environment
<p>In heterogeneous habitats, camouflage via background-matching can be challenging because visual characteristics can vary dramatically across small spatial scales. Additionally, temporal variation in signalling functions of colouration can affect crypsis, especially when animals use colouration seasonally for intraspecific signalling (e.g. mate selection). We currently have a poor understanding of how wild prey optimise background-matching within continuously heterogeneous habitats, and whether this is affected by requirements of intraspecific signalling across biological seasons. Here, we quantified colour patterns of a wild population of shore skink (<i>Oligosoma smithi</i>), a variably coloured lizard endemic to New Zealand, to 1) investigate whether background-matching varies across a vegetation gradient; 2) assess potential signalling functions of colour; and 3) to determine whether there is a trade-off between requirements for crypsis and intraspecific signalling in colouration across seasons. Although all pattern types occurred throughout the vegetation gradient, we found evidence for background-matching in skinks across the vegetation gradient, where dorsal brightness and pattern complexity corresponded with the proportion of vegetation cover. There was also a significant disparity between ventral colour (saturation) of juveniles and adults, and also between sexes, suggestive of sex recognition. However, there was little indication that colour was condition-dependent in adults. Despite some evidence for a potential role in signalling, crypsis did not greatly differ across seasons. Our study suggests that selection favours a mix of generalist and specialist background-matching strategies across continuously heterogeneous habitats.</p>
Data from: Using adaptive traits to consider potential consequences of temporal variation in selection: male guppy colour through time and space
Temporal variation in selection is typically evaluated by estimating and comparing selection coefficients in natural populations. Meta-analyses of these coefficients have yielded important insights, but selection coefficients are limited in several respects, including low statistical power, imperfect fitness surrogates, and uncertainty regarding consequences for trait change. A complementary approach without these limitations is to examine temporal variation in adaptive traits themselves, which is mechanistically easier and more directly relevant to evolutionary consequences. We illustrate this approach by analyzing the colour patterns of male guppies, Poecilia reticulata, from each of six sites in Trinidad in each of 6 years. This system is particularly appropriate for our study because key aspects of colour variation are genetically-based and responsive to selection. However, although spatial patterns of colour variation have been extensively considered in this system, no study has yet formally assessed annual temporal variation in non-manipulated populations. Matching previous conclusions for the guppy system, we find that guppies from different sites manifest different colour patterns in association with different predation regimes. We here add the new finding that, although some temporal variation is present, spatial patterns of colour variation are generally consistent across years. These results suggest that, when considering adaptive traits, spatial variation is more important than temporal variation, although our study system might be exceptional in this regard. Additional studies examining spatiotemporal variation in adaptive traits could help to improve our understanding of the role that spatiotemporal variation in selection plays in the evolutionary process.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.