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101 results for “conservation breeding”
Figure 7. A in Building capacity to implement conservation breeding programs for frogs in Madagascar: Results from year one of Mitsinjo's amphibian husbandry research and captive breeding facility
Figure 7. A) Fruit fly cultures on shelves at the facility. B) Fruit flies are cultured in discarded plastic water bottles collected in Andasibe. Fabric is secured in place, over the top with rubber bands, and strips of plastic bag are placed inside (above the media) on which the flies can deposit eggs.
Data from: Breeding Sternula antillarum (Least Terns) disturbance distances and duration of escape behaviors: pedestrians necessitate larger conservation buffers than do passing vehicles
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Data from: Using molecular and crowd-sourcing methods to assess breeding ground diet of a migratory brood parasite of conservation concern
<p>Breeding ground food availability is critical to the survival and productivity of adult birds. The common cuckoo <i>Cuculus canorus</i> is a brood-parasitic Afro-Palearctic migrant bird exhibiting long-term (breeding) population declines in many European countries. Variation in population trend between regions and habitats suggests breeding ground drivers such as adult food supply. However, cuckoo diet has not been studied in detail since before the most significant population declines in Europe began in the mid-1980s. 20th century studies of cuckoo diet largely comprised field observations likely to carry bias towards larger prey taxa. Here we demonstrate the potential value of 1) using high-throughput DNA sequencing of invertebrate prey in faeces to determine cuckoo diet with minimal bias towards large prey taxa, and 2) using crowd-sourced digital photographs from across Britain to identify lepidopteran cuckoo prey taxa during recent years post-decline (2005-2016). DNA analysis found a high frequency of Lepidoptera, including moths of family Lasiocampidae, prominent within the past literature, but also grasshoppers (Orthoptera) and flies (Diptera) that may be overlooked by field observation methodologies. The range of larval lepidopteran prey identified from photographs largely agreed with those previously documented, with potential signs of reduced diversity, and identities of key adult prey taxa were supported by molecular results. Notably, many identified cuckoo prey taxa have shown severe declines due to agricultural intensification, suggesting this has driven spatial patterns of cuckoo loss. Landscape-scale, lowland rewilding interventions provide opportunities to understand the scale of reversal of previous agricultural intensification that may be necessary to restore prey populations sufficiently to permit recolonization by cuckoos.</p>
Data from: Deciphering genetic mate choice: not so simple in group-housed conservation breeding programs
Incorporating mate choice into conservation breeding programs can improve reproduction and the retention of natural behaviours. However, different types of genetic-based mate choice can have varied consequences for genetic diversity management. As a result, it is important to examine mechanisms of mate choice in captivity to assess its costs and benefits. Most research in this area has focused on experimental pairing trials, however this resource-intensive approach is not always feasible in captive settings and can interfere with other management constraints. We used generalised linear mixed models and permutation approaches to investigate overall breeding success in group-housed Tasmanian devils at three non-mutually exclusive mate choice hypotheses: (i) advantage of heterozygous individuals, (ii) advantage of dissimilar mates, and (iii) optimum genetic distance, using both 1,948 genome-wide SNPs and 12 MHC-linked microsatellites. The managed devil insurance population is the largest such breeding program in Australia and is known to have high variance in reproductive success. We found that non-genetic factors such as age were the best predictors of breeding success in a competitive breeding scenario, with younger females and older males being more successful. We found no evidence of mate choice under the hypotheses tested. Mate choice varies among species and across environments, so we advocate for more studies in realistic captive management contexts as experimental or wild studies may not apply. Conservation managers must weigh up the need to wait for adequate sample sizes to detect mate choice with the risk that genetic changes may occur during this time in captivity. Our study shows that examining and integrating mate choice into the captive management of species housed in realistic, semi-natural group-based contexts may be more difficult than previously considered.
Mapping multiscale breeding bird species distributions across the United States and evaluating their conservation applications
<p>Species distribution models are vital to management decisions that require understanding habitat use patterns, particularly for species of conservation concern. However, the production of distribution maps for individual species is often hampered by data scarcity, and existing species maps are rarely spatially validated due to limited occurrence data. Furthermore, community-level maps based on stacked species distribution models lack important community assemblage information (e.g., competitive exclusion) relevant to conservation. Thus, multispecies, guild, or community models are often used in conservation practice instead. To address these limitations, we aimed to generate fine-scale, spatially-continuous, nationwide maps for species represented in the North American Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) between 1992-2019. We generated ensemble models for each species at three spatial resolutions – 0.5, 2.5, and 5 km – across the conterminous United States. We also compared species richness patterns from stacked single-species models with those of 19 functional guilds developed using the same data to assess the similarity between predictions. We successfully modeled 192 bird species at 5-km resolution, 160 species at 2.5-km resolution, and 80 species at 0.5-km resolution. However, the species we could model represent only 28-56% of species found in the conterminous US BBS surveys across resolutions owing to data limitations. We found stacked maps and guild maps generally had high correlations across resolutions (median = 84%), but spatial agreement varied regionally by resolution and was most pronounced between the East and West at the 5-km resolution. The spatial differences between our stacked maps and guild maps illustrate the importance of spatial validation in conservation planning. Overall, our species maps are useful for single-species conservation and can support fine-scale decision-making across the United States, and can also support community-level conservation when used in tandem with guild maps. However, there are still data scarcity issues for many species of conservation concern when using the BBS for single-species models.</p>
Figure 21 in Breeding behavior, distribution, and conservation of the Sharp-tailed Tyrant Culicivora caudacuta (Vieillot, 1818) (Aves: Tyrannidae), a South American grassland specialist
Figure 21. Records of Culicivora caudacuta. Yellow stars indicate museum specimens, dots indicate other categories of records. See Appendix 1 for details.
Figure 22 in Breeding behavior, distribution, and conservation of the Sharp-tailed Tyrant Culicivora caudacuta (Vieillot, 1818) (Aves: Tyrannidae), a South American grassland specialist
Figure 22. Culicivora caudacuta habitat occupation by Eucalyptus sp. monoculture, Araxá, Ribeirão do Inferno (07 May 2014). Photo: RSS.
Figure 1 in Breeding behavior, distribution, and conservation of the Sharp-tailed Tyrant Culicivora caudacuta (Vieillot, 1818) (Aves: Tyrannidae), a South American grassland specialist
Figure 1. Adult Sharp-tailed Tyrant Culicivora caudacuta, (11 October 2011), Patrocínio, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Photo: RSS.
Figure 20 in Breeding behavior, distribution, and conservation of the Sharp-tailed Tyrant Culicivora caudacuta (Vieillot, 1818) (Aves: Tyrannidae), a South American grassland specialist
Figure 20. Specimen of young Culicivora caudacuta at Zoologische Staatssammlung München. Photo: Markus Unsöld.
Fig. 4 in Captive breeding program for Scinax alcatraz (Anura: Hylidae): introducing amphibian ex situ conservation in Brazil
Fig. 4. Frequency of the founder Scinax alcatraz breeding events from 2012 to 2017.
Fig. 1 in Captive breeding program for Scinax alcatraz (Anura: Hylidae): introducing amphibian ex situ conservation in Brazil
Fig. 1. Adult male of Scinax alcatraz. Photo by Cybele Lisboa.
Figure 11 in The conservation breeding of two foot-flagging frog species from Borneo, Staurois parvus and Staurois guttatus
Figure 11. Tadpoles of Staurois guttatus. Image by N. Potensky.
Figure 8 in The conservation breeding of two foot-flagging frog species from Borneo, Staurois parvus and Staurois guttatus
Figure 8. Juvenile Staurois parvus. Image by D. Zupanc.
Figure 7 in The conservation breeding of two foot-flagging frog species from Borneo, Staurois parvus and Staurois guttatus
Figure 7. Tadpoles of Staurois parvus. Image by N. Potensky.
Figure 1 in The conservation breeding of two foot-flagging frog species from Borneo, Staurois parvus and Staurois guttatus
Figure 1. Male and female Staurois guttatus in amplexus resting at a waterfall. Image by M. Böckle.
Male diversity matters: Genetic structuring of insular male date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) revealed valuable breeding and conservation resources
Most male date palms available for pollinating different female cultivars have mainly originated from seed propagation resulting in many different local males that represent a source of genetic diversity. Favorable fruit production is related to quality of pollen and its compatibility with a certain female variety. Therefore, the genetic characterization of the male pollen as a superior one for each female cultivar should be the first step to establish an intensive program to produce superior males through different procedures. In this study, the genetic diversity and population structure of 72 male date palm accessions were investigated using 15 microsatellite loci. A total number of 125 alleles was detected with an average of 8.33 alleles per locus. Bayesian model-based clustering analysis indicated the presence of two differentiated endemic male date palm genetic clusters, continental and insular, with the presence of introduced accessions originating from the Middle East. The diversity analysis in the insular region of Tunisia, which had never been performed before, revealed that this germplasm enclosed valuable endemic resources supporting the hypothesis of the presence of wild material. These findings are crucial for identifying interesting genotypes that can be integrated into international coordinated actions of Phoenix dactylifera L. breeding programs as well as for the protection and conservation of valuable resources.
Mapping multiscale breeding bird species distributions across the United States and evaluating their conservation applications
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Data from: Using molecular and crowd-sourcing methods to assess breeding ground diet of a migratory brood parasite of conservation concern
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Data from: Can sustainable biocommerce continue to support conservation, or will the captive breeding of offspring be its Achilles heel?
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Data from: Deciphering genetic mate choice: not so simple in group-housed conservation breeding programs
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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