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85 results for “correlated selection”
Data from: Correlations of life-history and distributional-range variation with salamander diversification rates: evidence for species selection
Evolutionary biologists have long debated the relative influence of species selection on evolutionary patterns. As a test, we apply a statistical phylogenetic approach to evaluate the influence of traits related to species distribution and life-history characteristics on patterns of diversification in salamanders. We use independent contrasts to test trait-mediated diversification while accommodating phylogenetic uncertainty in relationships among all salamander families. Using a neontological data set, we find several species-level traits to be variable, heritable, and associated with differential success (i.e., higher diversification rates) at higher taxonomic categories. Specifically, the macroecological trait of small geographic-range size is strongly correlated with a higher rate of net diversification. We further consider the role that plasticity in life-history traits appears to fulfill in macroevolutionary processes of lineage divergence and durability. We find that pedotypy—wherein some, but not all, organisms of a species mature in the gilled form without metamorphosing—is also associated with higher net diversification rate than is the absence of developmental plasticity. Often dismissed as an insignificant process in evolution, we provide direct evidence for the role of species selection in lineage diversification of salamanders.
Data from: Correlated paternity measures mate monopolization and scales with the magnitude of sexual selection
Indirect measures of sexual selection have been criticized because they can overestimate the magnitude of selection. In particular, they do not account for the degree to which mating opportunities can be monopolized by individuals of the sex that compete for mates. We introduce a measure of mate monopolization (m) based on the magnitude of correlated paternity and evaluate its ability to track changes in the magnitude of sexual selection. Simulation models were used to compare how well m tracked changes in the selection differential (s) for a trait regulating mating success. We further evaluated the association between m and s using ten replicate mating arrays of Sagittaria latifolia in which plants with contrasting alleles at microsatellite loci competed for siring opportunities. The computer models and mating arrays both demonstrated a positive linear association between m and s, supporting the utility of m as an index of sexual selection. Commonly used measures of sexual selection are not easily applied to organisms, such as the flowering plants, for which mating events are difficult to observe. The measure of mate monopolization introduced here could prove to be a useful addition to studies of sexual selection in these organisms.
Data from: Evolution of pre- and post-copulatory traits in male Drosophila melanogaster as a correlated response to selection for resistance to cold stress
Background: In Drosophila melanogaster the fitness of males depends on a broad array of reproductive traits classified as pre- and post-copulatory traits. Exposure to cold stress, can reduce sperm number, male mating ability and courtship behavior. Therefore, it is expected that the adaptation to cold stress will involve changes in pre- and post-copulatory traits. Such evolution of reproductive traits in response to cold stress is not well studied. Methods: We selected replicate populations of D. melanogaster for resistance to cold shock. Over 37–46 generations of selection, we investigated pre- and post-copulatory traits such as mating latency, copulation duration, mating frequency, male fertility, fitness (progeny production) and sperm competitive ability in male flies subjected to cold shock and those not subjected to cold shock. Results: We found that post cold shock, the males from the selected populations had a significantly lower mating latency along with, higher mating frequency, fertility, sperm competitive ability and number of progeny relative to the control populations. Conclusion: While most studies of experimental evolution of cold stress resistance have documented the evolution of survivorship in response to selection, our study clearly shows that adaptation to cold stress involves rapid changes in the pre- and post-copulatory traits. Additionally, improved performances under stressful conditions need not necessarily trade-off with performance under benign conditions.
Data from: Faithfulness-boost effect: loyal teammate selection correlates with skill acquisition improvement in online games
The problem of skill acquisition is ubiquitous and fundamental to life. Most tasks in modern society involve the cooperation with other subjects. Notwithstanding its fundamental importance, teammate selection is commonly overlooked when studying learning. We exploit the virtually infinite repository of human behavior available in Internet to study a relevant topic in anthropological science: how grouping strategies may affect learning. We analyze the impact of team play strategies in skill acquisition using a turn-based game where players can participate individually or in teams. We unveil a subtle but strong effect in skill acquisition based on the way teams are formed and maintained during time. "Faithfulness-boost effect" provides a skill boost during the first games that would only be acquired after thousands of games. The tendency to play games in teams is associated with a long-run skill improvement while playing loyally with the same teammate significantly accelerates short-run skill acquisition.
Data from: Spatially correlated extinctions select for less emigration but larger dispersal distances in the spider mite Tetranychus urticae
Dispersal is a central process to almost all species on earth, as it connects spatially structured populations and thereby increases population persistence. Dispersal is subject to (rapid) evolution and local patch extinctions are an important selective force in this context. In contrast to the randomly distributed local extinctions considered in most theoretical studies, habitat fragmentation or other anthropogenic interventions will lead to spatially correlated extinction patterns. Under such conditions natural selection is thought to lead to more long-distance dispersal, but this theoretical prediction has not yet been verified empirically. We test this hypothesis in experimental spatially structured populations of the spider mite Tetranychus urticae and supplement these empirical results with insights from an individual-based evolutionary model. We demonstrate that the spatial correlation of local extinctions changes the entire distribution of dispersal distances (dispersal kernel) and selects for overall less emigration but more long-distance dispersal.
Data from: Environmentally induced changes in correlated responses to selection reveal variable pleiotropy across a complex genetic network
Selection in novel environments can lead to a coordinated evolutionary response across a suite of characters. Environmental conditions can also potentially induce changes in the genetic architecture of complex traits, which in turn could alter the pattern of the multivariate response to selection. We describe a factorial selection experiment using the nematode Caenorhabditis remanei in which two different stress-related phenotypes (heat and oxidative stress resistance) were selected under three different environmental conditions. The pattern of covariation in the evolutionary response between phenotypes or across environments differed depending on the environment in which selection occurred, including asymmetrical responses to selection in some cases. These results indicate that variation in pleiotropy across the stress response network is highly sensitive to the external environment. Our findings highlight the complexity of the interaction between genes and environment that influences the ability of organisms to acclimate to novel environments. They also make clear the need to identify the underlying genetic basis of genetic correlations in order understand how patterns of pleiotropy are distributed across complex genetic networks.
Fig. 2. Selected 1H–1H COSY and HMBC correlations for 3 in Bond reactivity indices approach analysis of the [2+2] cycloaddition of jatrophane skeleton diterpenoids from Euphorbia gaditana Coss to tetracyclic gaditanone
Fig. 2. Selected 1H–1H COSY and HMBC correlations for 3.
Fig. 4. Selected NOE correlations for 1–9 in Cirrhosinones A-H, 24-hydroxy cevanine-type alkaloids from Fritillaria cirrhosa
Fig. 4. Selected NOE correlations for 1–9.
Fig. 2. 1H–1H COSY and selective HMBC correlations for 1, 3 in Chemical constituents of Entandrophragma angolense and their anti-inflammatory activity
Fig. 2. 1H–1H COSY and selective HMBC correlations for 1, 3/4, 10, and 13.
Fig. 3. 1H–1H COSY and selected HMBC correlations for 1–5 in Molecular networking-based discovery of anti-inflammatory chromene dimers from Melicope pteleifolia
Fig. 3. 1H–1H COSY and selected HMBC correlations for 1–5.
Fig. 2. Selected 1H–1H COSY and HMBC correlations for compounds 1–3, 6 and 10 in Sesquiterpene coumarins from Ferula samarkandica Korovin and their bioactivity
Fig. 2. Selected 1H–1H COSY and HMBC correlations for compounds 1–3, 6 and 10.
Fig. 2. Selected HMBC correlations for brevianthrones A1 in Brevianthrones, bianthrones from a Chinese isolate of the endophytic fungus Colletotrichum brevisporum
Fig. 2. Selected HMBC correlations for brevianthrones A1 (1), B1 (4) and B4 (7).
Fig. 7. Selected key NOESY correlations for compound 3 in Ten undescribed cembrane-type diterpenoids from the gum resin of Boswellia sacra and their biological activities
Fig. 7. Selected key NOESY correlations for compound 3.
Fig. 3. Selected key ROESY correlations for compound 1 in Ten undescribed cembrane-type diterpenoids from the gum resin of Boswellia sacra and their biological activities
Fig. 3. Selected key ROESY correlations for compound 1.
Data from: Correlations of life-history and distributional-range variation with salamander diversification rates: evidence for species selection
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Data from: Equivalence between step selection functions and biased correlated random walks for statistical inference on animal movement
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Data from: Selection for associative learning of color stimuli reveals correlated evolution of this learning ability across multiple stimuli and rewards.
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Data from: The evolution of trade-offs under directional and correlational selection
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Data from: Evolution of pre- and post-copulatory traits in male Drosophila melanogaster as a correlated response to selection for resistance to cold stress
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Data from: Correlated paternity measures mate monopolization and scales with the magnitude of sexual selection
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
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