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287 results for “courtship”
Data and code from: Computational analyses of dynamic visual courtship display reveal diet-dependent male signaling in <em>Rabidosa rabida</em> wolf spiders
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Computational analyses of dynamic visual courtship display reveal diet-dependent and plastic male signaling in Rabidosa rabida wolf spiders
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Female audience shapes the complexity and syntax of male courtship displays in a lek-mating bird
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The evolution of dynamic and flexible courtship displays that reveal individual quality
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Developmental temperature alters the thermal sensitivity of courtship activity and signal-preference relationships, but not mating rates
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Data from: Phenotypic evolution shaped by current enzyme function in the bioluminescent courtship signals of sea fireflies
Mating behaviours are diverse and noteworthy, especially within species radiations where they may contribute to speciation. Studying how differences in mating behaviours arise between species can help us understand how diversity is generated at multiple biological levels. The bioluminescent courtship displays of cypridinid ostracods (or sea fireflies) are an excellent system for this since amazing variety evolves while using a conserved biochemical mechanism. We find that the evolution of one aspect in this behavioural phenotype - the duration of bioluminescent courtship pulses - is shaped by biochemical function. First, by measuring light production from induced bioluminescence in 38 species, we discovered differences between species in their biochemical reactions. Then, for 16 species of which biochemical, phylogenetic, and behavioral data are all available, we used phylogenetic comparative models to show that differences in biochemical reaction are nonlinearly correlated with the duration of courtship pulses. This relationship indicates that changes to both enzyme (c-luciferase) function and usage have shaped the evolution of courtship displays, but that they differentially contribute to these phenotypic changes. This nonlinear dynamic may have consequences for the disparity of signaling phenotypes observed across species, and demonstrates how unappreciated diversity at the biochemical level can lead to inferences about behavioural evolution.
Data from: Flightin maintains myofilament lattice organization required for optimal flight power and courtship song quality in Drosophila
The indirect flight muscles (IFMs) of Drosophila and other insects with asynchronous flight muscles are characterized by a crystalline myofilament lattice structure. The high-order lattice regularity is considered an adaptation for enhanced power output, but supporting evidence for this claim is lacking. We show that IFMs from transgenic flies expressing flightin with a deletion of its poorly conserved N-terminal domain (flnΔN62) have reduced inter-thick filament spacing and a less regular lattice. This resulted in a decrease in flight ability by 33% and in skinned fibre oscillatory power output by 57%, but had no effect on wingbeat frequency or frequency of maximum power output, suggesting that the underlying actomyosin kinetics is not affected and that the flight impairment arises from deficits in force transmission. Moreover, we show that flnΔN62 males produced an abnormal courtship song characterized by a higher sine song frequency and a pulse song with longer pulses and longer inter-pulse intervals (IPIs), the latter implicated in male reproductive success. When presented with a choice, wild-type females chose control males over mutant males in 92% of the competition events. These results demonstrate that flightin N-terminal domain is required for optimal myofilament lattice regularity and IFM activity, enabling powered flight and courtship song production. As the courtship song is subject to female choice, we propose that the low amino acid sequence conservation of the N-terminal domain reflects its role in fine-tuning species-specific courtship songs.
Vibroacoustic courtship signals of the cricket Acheta domesticus
<p>Dataset accompanying the publication: More than stridulation: signal interaction and constraint in the<br>complex vibroacoustic courtship of a cricket, by Nataša Stritih-Peljhan and Alenka Žunič-Kosi, Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 2024 (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00265-024-03530-y)</p> <p>Temporal, spectral and amplitude parameters of signals produced by wing stridulation, leg drumming, and body tremulation during courtship by male<em> Acheta domesticus</em>, recorded as sound and substrate vibration.</p>
Data from: Courtship behaviour, nesting microhabitat and assortative mating in sympatric stickleback species-pairs
<p>The maintenance of reproductive isolation in the face of gene-flow is a particularly contentious topic, but differences in reproductive behaviour may provide the key to explaining this phenomenon. However, we do not yet fully understand how behaviour contributes to maintaining species boundaries. How important are behavioural differences during reproduction? To what extent does assortative mating maintain reproductive isolation in recently diverged populations and how important are 'magic traits'? Assortative mating can arise as a by-product of accumulated differences between divergent populations as well as an adaptive response to contact between those populations, but this is often overlooked. Here we address these questions using recently described species-pairs of three-spined stickleback (<i>Gasterosteus aculeatus</i>), from two separate locations and a phenotypically intermediate allopatric population on the island of North Uist, Scottish Western Isles. We identified stark differences in the preferred nesting substrate, and courtship behaviour of species-pair males. We showed that all males selectively court females of their own ecotype and all females prefer males of the same ecotype, regardless of whether they are from species-pairs or allopatric populations. We also showed that mate choice does not appear to be driven by body-size differences (a potential 'magic trait'). By explicitly comparing the strength of these mating preferences between species-pairs and single-ecotype locations we were able to show that present levels of assortative mating due to direct mate choice are likely a by-product of other adaptations between ecotypes, and not subject to obvious selection in species-pairs. Our results suggest that ecological divergence in mating characteristics, particularly nesting microhabitat may be more important than direct mate choice in maintaining reproductive isolation in stickleback species-pairs.</p>
Video of precopulatory tremulation during courtship in Nesoecia nigrispina (Orthoptera, Pseudophyllinae)
<p>When a pair is formed, up to copulation, the male and female alternately emit a series of vibratory signals. Insects produce such signals during tremulation - vibrations of the abdomen in the vertical plane. If the range of motion is large, the male can periodically hit the substrate with the tip of the abdomen. The female usually does not touch the substrate.</p> <p>Recordings were performed using a Nikon 1J4 video camera without an infrared filter under the light of an Orient SAL-130C infrared illuminator.</p>
Varied female and male courtship behavior facilitated the evolution of a novel sexual signal
<p><span><span>Sexual selection can contribute to speciation when signals and preferences expressed during mate choice are coupled within groups, but come to differ across groups (generating assortative mating). When new sexual signals evolve, it is important to investigate their roles in both mate location and courtship contexts, as both signaling functions are critical in mate choice. In previous work, researchers identified two new male morphs (silent and purring) in Hawaiian populations of the Pacific field cricket, </span><span>Teleogryllus oceanicus.</span><span> These morphs likely evolved because they protect males from an acoustically orienting parasitoid, yet still obtain some reproductive success. But, it remains unknown how purring morphs function in close courtship encounters. We compared the relative success of the very recently evolved purring morph to that of the ancestral and silent morphs during courtship encounters. Purring males produce a novel courtship song and were not as successful in courtship as the ancestral type, but were mounted by females as often and as quickly as the obligately silent morph that arose and spread ~20 years ago. Purring males initiate courtship more quickly than other morphs, and females from populations where purring is common exhibit higher overall mounting rates. Thus, differences in the behavior of purring males and of females from populations where purring is common may have facilitated the origin of this novel sexual signal. We found no assortative mating between males of a given morph and females from their own population, and so we hypothesize that multiple male types will be maintained within the species because each achieves fitness in different ways. </span></span></p>
Figures 42-43. Primary courtship positions for P. pacosauritus. Figure 42. Stationary position. Figure 43 in Description of Phidippus pacosauritus sp. nov. (Salticidae: Salticinae: Dendryphantini: Dendryphantina), with a reanalysis of related species in the mystaceus group
Figures 42-43. Primary courtship positions for P. pacosauritus. Figure 42. Stationary position. Figure 43. Lateral display position. Photo credits: David Hill.
Figure 25 in Courtship display of the peacock spider Maratus aquilus (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)
Figure 25 (continued from previous page). Selected sequential frames (1-80, 25 fps video) showing the close fan dance of a male Maratus aquilus from the perspective of a closely attending female (blurred image in foreground). 62-71, 5 wave cycles to the left. 76-80, 2.5 wave cycles to the right.
Figure 22 in Courtship display of the peacock spider Maratus aquilus (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)
Figure 22. Sequential photographs (1-12) showing a female Maratus aquilus turning from side to side to follow the close fan dance of a male. Usually movement to display the lateral flap on one side is completed before the female can complete a turn to face the respective direction.
Figure 24 in Courtship display of the peacock spider Maratus aquilus (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)
Figure 24 (continued from previous page). Sequential photographs showing the close fan dance of a male Maratus aquilus from the perspective of a closely attending female (blurred image at lower left).
Figure 25 in Courtship display of the peacock spider Maratus aquilus (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)
Figure 25 (continued from previous page, continued on next page). Selected sequential frames (1-80, 25 fps video) showing the close fan dance of a male Maratus aquilus from the perspective of a closely attending female (blurred image in foreground). 43-55, 6.5 wave cycles to the right.
Figure 18 in Courtship display of the peacock spider Maratus aquilus (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)
Figure 18. Photographs depicting typical positions associated with either an elevated fan wave or an active fan dance of a male Maratus aquilus.
Figure 21 in Courtship display of the peacock spider Maratus aquilus (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)
Figure 21. Selected sequential frames (1-10) showing a female Maratus aquilus turning from side to side to follow the close fan dance of a male.
Figure 17 in Courtship display of the peacock spider Maratus aquilus (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)
Figure 17. Sequential photographs showing transition to a close fan dance by male Maratus aquilus as a female approached (6-7, blurred image in foreground).
Figure 16 in Courtship display of the peacock spider Maratus aquilus (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini)
Figure 16. Selected frames (25 fps video) showing movement of the fan and extended legs III during the active fan dance of a male Maratus aquilus. The female (blurred image at lower left) was directly in front of this male. Each time that this spider stepped to one side (3, 5, 7) the fan was lowered and legs III were raised to a near-vertical orientation.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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