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154 results for “croplands”
Dataset for Modelling the long-term carbon storage potential from recalcitrant matter inputs in tropical arable croplands
<p>Soil organic carbon dynamics for Ecuadorian croplands on the period 2020-2070, under RCP4.5, for various carbon sequestration alternatives, relative to a business as usual situation. Results obtained from adapted version of RothC for carbon sequestration technologies.</p>
Cropland area database by country circa 2020
<p>This dataset describes a new estimate of cropland area circa the year 2020, with global coverage, with data for 221 countries and territories and 34 regional aggregates. Data are generated from geospatial information on the agreement-disagreement characteristics of six open access high-resolution cropland maps derived from remote sensing (ESRI LU/LC, FROM-GLC Plus, GLAD, GLC-FCS30, Globeland30 and Worldcover). This cropland area mapping (CAM) dataset provides information on: i) mean cropland area and its uncertainty; ii) cropland area by six distinct cropland agreement classes; and iii) cropland area by specific combinations of underlying land cover product.</p> <p>The file contains data on the mean cropland area obtained from 6 high resolution cropland layers and the corresponding standard error and the area for six simple cropland agreement classes are reported. Cropland area from the 6 high resolution land cover layers. And area of detailed agreement classes describing the cropland area for each combination of the land cover layers.</p> <p>For additional information a lookup table is included for the detailed agreement data, here you find an overview of the corresponding land cover layers that map cropland for each detailed agreement class.</p> <p>This dataset was generated from the cropland agreement map (Tubiello, 2022), previously used to estimate cropland areas across the world (Tubiello, 2023). The data was further used in an analysis of global cropland area in comparison with FAOSTAT cropland data.</p> <p>Tubiello, Francesco N., Conchedda, Giulia, Casse, Leon, Hao, Pengyu, Chen, Zhongxin, De Santis, Giorgia, Fritz, Steffen, & Muchoney, Douglas. (2022). High resolution cropland agreement map (30 m) circa 2020 (v1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7244124</p> <p>Tubiello, F.N., Conchedda, G., Casse, L. et al. Measuring the world’s cropland area. Nat Food 4, 30–32 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43016-022-00667-9</p>
Data from: A global reference database in FAOSTAT of cropland nutrient budgets and nutrient use efficiency: nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, 1961–2020
<p class="MsoNormal">Agricultural nutrient budgets help to identify an excess or an insufficiency in use of fertilizers and other nutrient sources. Nutrient budgets allow for indicators such as the nutrient balance (surplus or deficit) and nutrient use efficiency to be estimated. This can help in the monitoring of agricultural productivity and sustainability globally. The present dataset is a global database of country-level budget estimates for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in cropland. The database is disseminated in FAOSTAT and provides a global reference, synthesizing and continuously updating the state-of-the-art on this topic. The database covers the period 961 to 2020 for 205 countries and territories, as well as regional and global aggregates. Results indicate the wide range in nutrient use and use efficiencies across regions, nutrients, and time. This dataset introduces improvements over previous work in relation to key nutrient coefficients affecting nutrient budgets and use efficiency estimates. This is especially for nutrient removal in crop products, manure nutrient content, atmospheric deposition and crop biological N fixation rates. </p>
Data for "The neglected role of abandoned cropland in supporting both food security and climate change mitigation"
<p><strong>Data for "The neglected role of abandoned cropland in supporting both food security and climate change mitigation"</strong></p> <p><strong>All files will be made publicly accessible before publication.</strong></p> <p>Version: 2.0 (Round 2 revision)</p> <p>Content (spatial resolution, data info)</p> <ol> <li>Abandoned cropland map (10arcsec, 1 raster file)</li> <li>Suitabability of abanonded cropland for reforestation and recultivation (5arcmin, 3 raster files)</li> <li>Food production potential of global abandoned cropland (5arcmin,1 raster file)</li> <li>Climate change mitigation potential of global abandoned cropland (5arcmin, 1 raster file)</li> <li>outcomes of key scenarios <ul> <li>4 key Scenarios: Maximizing food production, Maximizing climate change mitigation, Equal Allocation, Maximizing combined potential</li> <li>Data included in the output of each scenario: <ul> <li>Land allocated for reforestation and recultivation (5arcmin/1arcdeg, 5 raster files)</li> <li>Climate change mitigation potential and food production potential (5arcmin/1arcdeg, 5 raster files)</li> <li>Emission for land clearing (5arcmin, 1 raster)</li> <li>Foregone climate change mitigation potential (5arcmin, 1 raster)</li> <li>Summary table</li> </ul> </li> <li>Summary table for 4 key scenarios</li> </ul> </li> <li>Codes for generating 4 key scenarios</li> </ol>
Improving nitrogen cycling in a land surface model (CLM5) to quantify soil N2O, NO and NH3 emissions from enhanced rock weathering with croplands
<p>This repository contains CLM5 model soil nitrogen (N2O, NO and NH3) output and metadata, and soil N<sub>2</sub>O fluxes from the Energy Farm ERW field trials used in the paper "Improving nitrogen cycling in a land surface model (CLM5) to quantify soil N2O, NO and NH3 emissions from enhanced rock weathering with croplands" (https://gmd.copernicus.org/preprints/gmd-2023-47/).</p>
Direct evidence for atmospheric carbon dioxide removal via enhanced weathering in cropland soil: Supporting data
<p>Datasets (climate, alkalinity, moisture sensors) associated with the manuscript "Direct evidence for atmospheric carbon dioxide removal via enhanced weathering in cropland soil."</p>
Data from: A global FAOSTAT reference database of cropland nutrient budgets and nutrient use efficiency (1961–2020): nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Cropland Data Layer Data for the Snake River Basin, USA, 2010-2017
<p>Cropland Data Layer (CDL) data from the US Department of Agriculture's National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS), subset spatially to cover the Snake River Basin, USA for years 2010-2017, inclusive. This data is the raw data used to support initialization of the Janus agent based model of land use land cover change. It was developed by downloading CDL data from the USDA NASS site for an area of interest encompassing the Snake River Basin for individual years from 2010-2017. Data were converted to a georeferenced GeoTiff format using the Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL) command line interface. They were then concatenated into a single dataset using the rioxarray python library and saved as a CF-compliant NetCDF4 file using the xarray python library. Note that this file is saved with zlib compression level 1 and, therefore, users may experience a slowdown upon initial reading of the file. </p>
Data from: Cropland connectivity affects genetic divergence of Colorado potato beetle along an invasion front
<p>The population genetic structure of invasive species can be strongly affected by environmental and landscape barriers to dispersal. Disentangling the relative contributions of these factors to genetic divergence among invading populations is a fundamental goal of landscape genetics with important implications for invasion management. Here, we relate patterns of genetic divergence in a global invasive agricultural pest, Colorado potato beetle (CPB; Leptinotarsa decemlineata), to environmental and landscape factors along an invasion front in Northwestern China. We first used microsatellite markers and spatial-temporal samples to assess broad patterns of genetic diversity as well as fine-scale changes in patterns of genetic divergence. We then distinguished the relative contributions of five factors to genetic divergence among front populations: geographic distance (isolation by distance), climate dissimilarity (isolation by environment), and least-cost distances (isolation by resistance) modelled with three factors: climate suitability, cropland cover, and road networks. Genetic diversity broadly decreased from West to East, with the exception being Eastern China. Low levels of genetic diversity and varying degrees of divergence were observed in Northwestern China, reflecting the potential effect of landscape heterogeneity. Least-cost distance across cropland cover was most positively correlated with genetic divergence, suggesting a role of croplands in facilitating gene flow. The contribution of climate to genetic divergence was secondary, whether modelled in terms of local adaptability or connectivity of the climatic landscape, suggesting that constraints to CPB gene flow imposed by a harsh climate may be ameliorated in agricultural landscapes. No evidence was found for an obvious effect of road networks on genetic divergence and population structuring. Our study provides an example of how agricultural landscape connectivity can facilitate the spread of invasive pests, even across a broad climatic gradient. More broadly, our findings can guide decisions about future land management for mitigating further spread.</p>
Dataset - Hot spots of opportunity for improved cropland nitrogen management across the United States
<p>Dataset for manuscript "Hot spots of opportunity for improved cropland nitrogen management across the United States"</p>
The super-rich and cropland expansion via direct investments in agriculture
<p>Cropland expansion represents an important cause of tropical deforestation, contributing to the loss of ecosystems' functions. Flex-crops (e.g., oil palm, soy, sugar cane) account for an increasing share of cropland and contribute significantly to carbon emissions and biodiversity loss. Various forms of inequality have been shown to impact on agricultural expansion, yet the effect of wealth concentration among the super-rich is understudied. Here I show how, over the period 1991-2014, the large amount of wealth in the hands of high net worth individuals (HNWI) stimulated foreign direct investments in agriculture in Latin America and South-East Asia. This, in turn, drove the expansion of flex-crops areas. The combination of these two effects implies that, a 1% increase in the wealth of HNWI generated an expansion of the flex-crops area share of up to 2.4-10%. The results point to the urgency of addressing wealth inequality to protect the remaining forests.</p>
A meta-analysis reveals increases in soil organic carbon following the restoration and recovery of croplands in Southwest China
<p>In China, the Grain for Green Program (GGP) is an ambitious project to convert croplands into natural vegetation, but exactly how changes in vegetation translate into changes in soil organic carbon remains less clear. Here we conducted a meta-analysis using 734 observations to explore the effects of land recovery on the soil organic carbon and nutrients in 4 provinces in Southwest China. Following GGP, the soil organic carbon content (SOCc) and soil organic carbon storage (SOCs) increased by 33.73% and 22.39%, respectively. Likewise, soil nitrogen increased, while phosphorus decreased. Outcomes were heterogeneous, however, depending on variation in soil and environmental characteristics. Both the regional land use and cover change indicated by landscape type transfer matrix and net primary production from 2000 to 2020 further confirmed that GGP promoted the forest area (2.95%) and regional mean net primary production (52.94%). Our findings suggest that GGP could enhance soil and vegetation carbon sequestration in Southwest China and help to develop carbon neutral strategy.</p>
Dataset for "Overwinter and spring thaw nitrous oxide fluxes in a northern Prairie cropland are limited but a significant proportion of annual emissions"
<p>This dataset contains the data used in the publication "Overwinter and spring thaw nitrous oxide fluxes in a northern Prairie cropland are limited but a significant proportion of annual emissions" in Global Biogeochemical Cycles. This study presented micrometeorological N2O fluxes measured using the flux-gradient method over 4 years in Saskatchewan, Canada, to evaluate the magnitude of freeze-thaw N2O emissions and investigate its driving factors. The files contain the daily average N2O emissions and supporting environmental data.</p>
ChinaSoybean10:An Annual 10-m Soybean cropland Mapping Dataset in China from 2019 to 2022
<p>This dataset consists of soybean annual maps from 2019 to 2022 in China's main soybean producing areas with a pixel size of 10 m x 10 m, including Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Liaoning, Anhui, Henan, Shandong, Hubei, Jiangsu, and Sichuan.The maps use the ESPG: 4326 (WGS_1984) spatial reference system. The maps contain values of null and 1, representing non-crop land (including other crops) and soybeans. The maps are shown at the provincial administrative unit level, including the four prefecture-level cities in Eastern Inner Mongolia. You can analyze and visualize these maps with software like ArcGIS, QGIS, or similar applications.</p>
Data from:Modelling the spatiotemporal dynamics of soil nitrogen in croplands of Northeast China from 1980 to 2023 using multisource data and machine learning
<p>This dataset include the spatiotemporal distribution and uncertainty of cropland soil total nitrogen content at 0-30, 30-60, 60-100 cm depths in Northeast China from 1980 to 2023. The long-time series of TN were estimated by using an space-time automatic machine learning. The detail information on the products were given below:</p> <p>Period: 1980-2023</p> <p>Spatial resolution: 0.004166667 degree (~500 m)</p> <p>Temporal resolution: 1 year</p> <p>CRS: geographic latitude/longitude (EPSG:4326 - WGS 84 – Geographic)</p> <p>Data format: GeoTIFF</p>
Woodland, cropland and hedgerows promote pollinator abundance in intensive grassland landscapes, with saturating benefits of flower cover
<p>To enable reproduction of analyses in the linked journal article, we provide a table of habitats, woody linear features and elevation of all pollinator survey transect sections. This table can be linked to the publicly available data, based on square ID and section ID, to reproduce the analyses (except for one discontinued square with ID marked 'NA' in the publicly available data).</p> <p>Journal article abstract:</p> <p>1. Pollinating insects provide economic value by improving crop yield. They are also functionally and culturally important across ecosystems outside of cropland. To understand landscape-level drivers of pollinator declines, and guide policy and intervention to reverse declines, studies must cover (1) multiple insect and plant taxa and (2) a range of agricultural and semi-natural land uses. Furthermore, in an era of woodland restoration initiatives and rewilding ideologies, the contribution of woodland and woody linear features (WLFs; e.g. hedgerows) to pollinator abundance demands further investigation. 2. We demonstrate fine-scale analysis of high-quality, co-located measurements from a national environmental survey. We relate pollinator transect counts to ground-truth habitat and WLF maps across 300 1km squares in Wales, UK. We look at effects of habitat type, flower cover, WLF density and habitat diversity on summer abundance (July and August) of eight insect groups, representing three insect orders (Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera). 3. Compared with improved grassland (the dominant habitat in Wales), pollinator abundance is consistently higher in cropland and woodland - especially broadleaved woodland. For solitary bees and two hoverfly groups, abundance is predicted to be at least 1.5× higher in woodland ecosystems than elsewhere. Furthermore, we estimate contributions of WLFs to abundance in agriculturally improved habitats to be up to 14% for honeybees and up to 21% for hoverflies. 4. The abundance of all insect groups increases with flower cover, which is a key mechanism through which woodland, cropland and grassland support pollinators. Importantly, we observe diminishing returns of increasing flower cover for abundance of non-Apis pollinator groups, expecting roughly twice the increase in abundance per % flower cover from 0-5%, as compared with 10-15%. However, the shape of the relationship was inverted for honeybees, which showed steeper increases in abundance at higher flower cover. 5. Synthesis & applications: We provide a holistic view of the drivers of pollinator abundance in Wales, in which flower cover, woodland, WLFs and cropland are critical. We propose a key role for woodland creation, hedge-laying and farmland heterogeneity within future land management incentive schemes. Finally, we suggest targeting of interventions to maximise benefits for non-Apis pollinators. Specifically, increasing floral provision in areas where existing flower cover is low – e.g. in flower-poor improved grasslands - could effectively increase pollinator abundance and diversity, while prioritising wild over managed species.</p>
Survey data on joint cropland management among agri-food cooperatives in Mediterranean Spanish Regions
<p>This dataset presents data collected from joint cropland management practices survey in agri-food cooperatives of Mediterranean Spanish Regions. The objective was to examine to what extent cooperatives offer joint services, including joint management or integral exploitation of smallholdings, for the incorporation of new professionals. Data collection was conducted to five agri-food organizations: three agri-food cooperatives federations -Castilla-La Mancha, Comunitat Valenciana, and Murcia-, two second degree agri-food cooperatives -Anecoop and Unió Nuts-, all of them located in Mediterranean Spanish Regions. A total of 1.168 survey questionnaires were distributed between July 2020 and February 2021 across five organizations through the snowball sampling method. Data from 112 collected questionnaires were correctly answered, but 106 were selected for analysis. The dataset includes socio-economic data, productive information, and innovative characteristics from agri-food cooperatives surveyed, all in order to be able to examine the relationship between those factors and joint cropland management practices they carry on.</p>
A synthesis of nitric oxide emissions across global fertilized croplands from crop-specific emission factors
<p><span>Nitrogen (N)-fertilizer application to agricultural soils results in substantial emissions of nitric oxide (NO), a key substance in tropospheric chemistry involved in climate forcing and air pollution. </span><span>However, estimates of global cropland NO emissions remain uncertain due to a lack of information on direct NO emission factors (EF<sub>d<sup>s</sup></sub>) of applied N for variours cropping systems at seasonal or annual scales. Here we quantified the crop-specific seasonal and annual-scale NO EF<sub>d<sup>s</sup></sub> through synthesizing </span><span>1094 measurements from 125 field-based studies worldwide. </span><span>The global mean crop-specific seasonal EF<sub>d</sub> was 0.53%, with the highest for vegetables (0.75%). Among cereal crops, the EF<sub>d</sub> of maize (0.45%) or wheat (0.47%) was about three-times higher than for rice (0.12%). At annual scale, the mean EF<sub>d</sub> across all cropping systems was</span><span> 0.58%, with tea plantations having the highest (1.54%). For other cropping systems, the annual-scale EF<sub>d<sup>s</sup></sub> ranged from 0.02% to 1.07%. Besides crop type, also soil organic carbon, total N and pH as well as N fertilizer type were the main factors explaining the variations of NO EF<sub>d<sup>s</sup></sub>. Based on obtained specific EF<sub>d<sup>s</sup></sub> for each crop type, we estimated that NO emissions due to the use of synthetic fertilizers from global croplands are about 0.42–0.62 Tg N yr<sup>−1</sup>. Our budgets are relatively lower if compared to estimates derived by the use of IPCC defaults for NO emissions (0.72–1.66 Tg N yr<sup>−1</sup>) or reported elsewhere (0.67–1.04 Tg N yr<sup>−1</sup>). In our estimates, cash crops (vegetable, tea and orchard), which cover only 9% of the world cropland area, contributed about 31% to total NO emissions from global fertilized croplands. Overall, our meta-analysis provides improved crop-specific NO EF<sub>d<sup>s</sup></sub> reflecting current stage of knowledge. The work also highlights the relative importance of cash crop production as sources for atmospheric NO, i.e., agricultural systems on which mitigation efforts may focus</span><span>.</span></p>
LS-500: Global 500m-resolution Cropland Suitability
<p><strong>LS-500</strong> is a global cropland suitability dataset at the highest-ever resolution of <strong>500 m</strong> (18 arcsec) developed from a brand-new cropland extent data. The data incorporated the topographical effects on the cropland growth by using recently developed digital elevation model. Cropland suitability with the distinction of irrigation, i.e. the suitability of crop cultivation in a natural condition was also estimated and archived in the dataset. Please refer to the following published paper for the detailed description and the methodology.</p> <p>Ishikawa Y., & Yamazaki D. Global high-resolution estimation of cropland suitability and its comparative analysis to actual cropland distribution, <em>Hydrological Research Letters</em>, 15(2), 9-15. 2021. https://doi.org/10.3178/hrl.15.9</p>
Additional data for Insights for the Partitioning of Ecosystem Evaporation and Transpiration in Short-Statured Croplands
<p>Data includes LAI and SPA-Crop model outputs for the 2018-2019 winter wheat and for the 2019-2020 winter barley crop seasons.<br> Eddy covariance and meteorological data from Oensingen (CH-Oe2) are available at http://www.europe-fluxdata.eu/home/site-details?id=CH-Oe2</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.