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364 results for “developmental stage”
Data from: Water regime and nitrogen enrichment facilitate the encroachment of woody plants at various developmental stages in freshwater marshes
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Data from: Legacy effects of developmental stages determine the functional role of predators
Predators are instrumental in structuring natural communities and ecosystem processes. The strong effects of predators are often attributed to their high trophic position in the food web. However, most predators have to grow and move up the food chain before reaching their final trophic position and during this developmental process, their traits, interactions, and abundances change. Here we show that this process of "moving up" the food chain during development strongly determines the ecological role of a predator. By experimentally manipulating the succession of developmental stages of a predatory salamander in seasonal aquatic ecosystem, we found that effects of this apex predator on the ecosystem typically declined with age and size. Furthermore, younger, smaller predator stages had long-lasting effects on community structure and ecosystem function that determined effects of subsequent older, larger stages. Consequently, legacy effects of early stages largely shaped the impact of the predator on the ecosystem, which could not simply be inferred from its final trophic position. Our results highlight that accounting for all life stages when managing natural populations is crucial to preserve functioning of natural ecosystems, especially given that early life stages of species are often particularly vulnerable to natural and anthropogenic disturbances.
1H-NMR acquisition data of different developmental stages of Coriander fruits
<p>This is the raw 1H-NMR acquisition data acquired with 400 MHz, Bruker Broad Band NMR Spectrometer. </p>
Fig. 49 in Morphology Of Developmental Stages Of Philonthus Fumarius (Gravenhorst, 1806) (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) With Notes On Biology
Fig. 49. Number of eggs laid per day by 5 females of Ph. fumarius at 20±2°C.
Figs 33-35 in Morphology Of Developmental Stages Of Philonthus Fumarius (Gravenhorst, 1806) (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) With Notes On Biology
Figs 33-35. Ph. fumarius, pupa. 33 = Ventral aspect; 34 = lateral aspect; 35 = dorsal aspect.
Data from: Potential of MALDI−TOF MS-based proteomic fingerprinting for species identification of Cnidaria across classes, species, regions and developmental stages
<p><span>Morphological identification of cnidarian species can be difficult throughout all life stages due to the lack of distinct morphological characters. Moreover, in some cnidarian taxa genetic markers are not fully informative, and in these cases combinations of different markers or additional morphological verifications may be required. Proteomic fingerprinting based on MALDI-TOF mass spectra was previously shown to provide reliable species identification in different metazoans including some cnidarian taxa. For the first time, we tested the method across four cnidarian classes (Staurozoa, Scyphozoa, Anthozoa, Hydrozoa) and included different scyphozoan life-history stages (polyp, ephyra, medusa) into our dataset. Our results revealed reliable species identification based on MALDI-TOF mass spectra across all taxa with species-specific clusters for all 23 analyzed species. In addition, proteomic fingerprinting was successful for distinguishing developmental stages, still by retaining a species specific signal. Furthermore, we identified the impact of different salinities in different regions (North Sea and Baltic Sea) on proteomic fingerprints to be negligible. In conclusion, the effects of environmental factors and developmental stages on proteomic fingerprints seem to be low in cnidarians. This would allow using reference libraries built up entirely of adult or cultured cnidarian specimens for the identification of their juvenile stages or specimens from different geographic regions in future biodiversity assessment studies.</span></p>
Data from: Legacy effects of developmental stages determine the functional role of predators
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Data from: Larval developmental histories, phenotypes, and stage-specific fitness of a temperate reef fish (<em>Forsterygion lapillum</em>)
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Data from: Potential of MALDI−TOF MS-based proteomic fingerprinting for species identification of Cnidaria across classes, species, regions and developmental stages
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Data from: Life stage hypothesis modeling determines insect vulnerability during developmental life stages to climate extremes
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Post-embryonic development of Fritzolenellus suggests the ancestral morphology of the early developmental stages in Trilobita
<p>Trilobite development has been intensively explored during past decades, but information about ancestral character combinations in the early developmental stages of trilobites remains virtually unknown. Trilobites of the superfamily Olenelloidea are one of the earliest diverging groups. Study of their development coupled with the development of other early diverging trilobite groups can provide crucial information about the ancestral morphology of trilobite early stages. Herein we describe numerous well-preserved specimens of the olenelloid trilobite <em>Fritzolenellus lapworthi</em>. The earliest stages have circular cephala bearing intergenal spines and lacking genal spines. During subsequent development, morphological changes comprise the modification of the cephalic shape from circular to semi-circular, expansion of LA, gradual shortening of intergenal spines and origin and prolongation of genal spines. Trunk development of <em>Fritzolenellus</em> suggest that the development of macropleurae and macrospines are two independent processes and that origin of the opistotrunk is linked with the onset of phase 5 of cephalic development. The morphology of the early developmental stages of <em>Fritzolenellus</em> and some related taxa differs in many aspects from the morphology of equivalent stages of some other members of Olenelloidea. Consequently, two basic morphotypes are recognized during the early development of Olenelloidea – the <em>Fritzolenellus</em> and the <em>Olenellus</em> morphotypes. Comparison with Fallotaspidoidea and Redlichiina reveals that early developmental stages of these taxa share character combinations that are typical for <em>Fritzolenellus</em> morphotype. Such a comparison suggests that characters defining <em>Fritzolenellus</em> morphotype are ancestral for Trilobita. The <em>Olenellus</em> morphotype is likely a derived condition within Olenelloidea and might be related to predator deterrence.</p>
Data from: Tissue-specific carbon concentration, carbon stock, and distribution in Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hookplantations at various developmental stages in subtropical China
Key message Carbon (C) concentrations in Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook plantations differed significantly among tissue types and were greater for aboveground than belowground tissues. Plantation C stock increased with developmental stage from young to mature to overmature, but at all stages the majority occurred as soil organic carbon (SOC) and was more influenced by belowground fine roots than by aboveground litterfall. Context Failing to account for tissue-specific variation in the C concentration can result in inaccurate forest C stock estimates. Aims We aimed to quantify the relative magnitudes of C stock for Chinese fir plantations at different developmental stages. Specifically, we focused on assessing tissue-specific C concentrations and C dynamics return of above- and belowground litterfall. Methods Carbon traits (C concentration, C flux, C stock and distribution at tree and ecosystem scales) were quantified in a chronosequence of Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook) monoculture plantation stands at young (10), mature (22), and overmature (34 years old) developmental stages. Results Carbon concentrations differed significantly among tissue types, with mean values of 48.5 ± 0.1% and 42.5 ± 0.2% for above- and belowground biomass, respectively. The aboveground tissue C concentration, tree- and plantation-scale C stock, and SOC stock depended on developmental stage. Carbon return in litterfall, tree C stock, and SOC increased from the young to the overmature stage. SOC stock accounted for the majority of plantation C stock at all developmental stages (78.3, 59.6 and 55.7% in the young, mature and overmature stages, respectively) and was more highly influenced by belowground fine roots than aboveground litterfall. Carbon stocks in Chinese fir plantations were 86, 129, and 153 t ha-2 at the young, mature, and overmature stages. Conclusion Prolonging Chinese fir rotation increases C sequestration potential and should be the focus of forest management strategies. The tissue-specific C concentrations provide detailed information for more accurate biomass C stock estimates for Chinese fir plantations and other subtropical coniferous forest. They indicate that current guidelines result in an overestimation of belowground biomass C stocks. Using the standard 0.47 biomass to C conversion factor, the belowground C stock would have been overestimated by 7.6-13.0% for the Chinese fir developmental stages investigated, while tree C stock would be underestimated by 0.08-3.24%. Therefore, developing species- and tissue-specific conversion factors are required for supporting C plantation and forest C accounting strategies.
Data from: Ontogenetic stage-specific quantitative trait loci contribute to divergence in developmental trajectories of sexually dimorphic fins between medaka populations
Sexual dimorphism can evolve when males and females differ in phenotypic optima. Genetic constraints can, however, limit the evolution of sexual dimorphism. One possible constraint is derived from alleles expressed in both sexes. Because males and females share most of their genome, shared alleles with different fitness effects between sexes are faced with intralocus sexual conflict. Another potential constraint is derived from genetic correlations between developmental stages. Sexually dimorphic traits are often favoured at adult stages, but selected against as juvenile, so developmental decoupling of traits between ontogenetic stages may be necessary for the evolution of sexual dimorphism in adults. Resolving intralocus conflicts between sexes and ages is therefore a key to the evolution of age-specific expression of sexual dimorphism. We investigated the genetic architecture of divergence in the ontogeny of sexual dimorphism between two populations of the Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) that differ in the magnitude of dimorphism in anal and dorsal fin length. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping revealed that few QTL had consistent effects throughout ontogenetic stages and the majority of QTL change the sizes and directions of effects on fin growth rates during ontogeny. We also found that most QTL were sex-specific, suggesting that intralocus sexual conflict is almost resolved. Our results indicate that sex- and age-specific QTL enable the populations to achieve optimal developmental trajectories of sexually dimorphic traits in response to complex natural and sexual selection.
FIGURES 5–9. Bemisia afer. 5 in Morphological and molecular identification of all developmental stages of four whitefly species (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) commonly intercepted in quarantine
FIGURES 5–9. Bemisia afer. 5, ovum on Laurus nobilis from Italy; 6, first instar on L. nobilis from Italy; 7, second instar on L. nobilis from Italy; 8, third instar on L. nobilis from Italy; 9, fourth instar on Manihot esculenta from Mauritius.
FIGURE 48 in Morphological and molecular identification of all developmental stages of four whitefly species (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) commonly intercepted in quarantine
FIGURE 48. CO1 sequence alignments showing sequence polymorphisms between species in the annealing sites of primers and probes. Mismatches are shown in bold, forward primer, probe and reverse primer annealing sites are boxed, left to right respectively.
FIGURES 39–47. Trialeurodes vaporariorum. 39 in Morphological and molecular identification of all developmental stages of four whitefly species (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) commonly intercepted in quarantine
FIGURES 39–47. Trialeurodes vaporariorum. 39, third instar on E. pulcherrima from Italy; 40, fourth instar on E. pulcherrima from Italy; 41, diagrammatic representation of left compound eye of adult female; 42, upper and lower compound eyes separate; 43, mesotibia combs; 44, male abdomen with dorsal discoidal pores; 45, female antenna; 46, aedeagus; 47, female cement gland.
FIGURES 31–38. Trialeurodes spp. 31, T in Morphological and molecular identification of all developmental stages of four whitefly species (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) commonly intercepted in quarantine
FIGURES 31–38. Trialeurodes spp. 31, T. ricini, diagrammatic representation of left compound eye of adult female; T. ricini, 32, upper and lower compound eyes linked by two to four ommatidia; T. ricini, 33, male antenna; T. ricini, 34, aedeagus; T. ricini, 35, female cement gland; 36, T. vaporariorum, ovum on Euphorbia pulcherrima from Italy; 37, T. vaporariorum, first instar on E. pulcherrima from the UK; 38, T. vaporariorum, second instar on E. pulcherrima from Italy.
FIGURES 3–4 in Morphological and molecular identification of all developmental stages of four whitefly species (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) commonly intercepted in quarantine
FIGURES 3–4. General morphology of a whitefly. 3, third-larval instar; 4, fourth-larval instar (puparium).
FIGURES 25–30. Trialeurodes ricini. 25 in Morphological and molecular identification of all developmental stages of four whitefly species (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) commonly intercepted in quarantine
FIGURES 25–30. Trialeurodes ricini. 25, ovum on Ricinus communis from Gran Canaria; 26, first instar on R. communis from Gran Canaria; 27, second instar on R. communis from Gran Canaria; 28, third instar on R. communis from Gran Canaria; 29–30, fourth instar on Telfairia sp. from Nigeria showing variation in submarginal tubercles.
FIGURES 18–24. B. tabaci. 18 in Morphological and molecular identification of all developmental stages of four whitefly species (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) commonly intercepted in quarantine
FIGURES 18–24. B. tabaci. 18, third instar on E. pulcherrima; 19, fourth instar on E. pulcherrima; 20, diagrammatic representation of left compound eye of adult female; 21, upper and lower compound eyes linked by one ommatidium; 22, female antenna; 23, aedeagus; 24, female cement gland.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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