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opencc-by-4.0Mar 2020View details →

Disaster Tweet Corpus 2020

This dataset consists of tweets collected during 48 disasters over 10 disaster types with human annotations denoting if a tweet is related to this disaster or not. This collection is intended as a benchmarking dataset for filtering algorithms.    Dataset Specification Tweets are separated into files based on individual disasters, where each file contains a balanced number of positive and negative examples. The naming scheme is as follows: <pre><code><disaster type>-<name or region>[-<sub-type>]-<year>.ndjson</code></pre> Each line in the data files is a complete json-object, containing the tweet-id, the text, and the annotations as: <pre><code class="language-json">{"id": "12345", "text": "let's all pray for nepal!", "relevance": 1}</code></pre>   References To reference this collection as a whole, please use the following citation: Wiegmann, M., Kersten, J., Klan, F., Potthast, M., Stein, B. (2020). Analysis of Filtering Models for Disaster-Related Tweets. Proceedings of the 17th ISCRAM.    This dataset compiles tweets collected, annotated, and published in several other works. Please consider to cite those too: 1. Imran, M., Castillo, C., Lucas, J., Meier, P., and Vieweg, S. (2014). AIDR: artificial intelligence for disaster response. In: WWW (Companion Volume).  2. Olteanu, A., Castillo, C., Diaz, F., and Vieweg, S. (2014). CrisisLex: A Lexicon for Collecting and Filtering Microblogged Communications in Crises. Proceedings of the 8th ICWSM. 3. Olteanu, A., Vieweg, S., and Castillo, C. (2015). What to Expect When the Unexpected Happens: Social Media Communications Across Crises. Proceedings of the 18th ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work & Social Computing. 4. Imran, M., Mitra, P., and Srivastava, J. (2016). Enabling Rapid Classification of Social Media Communications During Crises. IJISCRAM 8. 5. Alam, F., Ofli, F., and Imran, M. (2018). CrisisMMD: Multimodal Twitter Datasets from Natural Disasters. Proceedings of the 12th ICWSM. 6. Stowe, K., Palmer, M., Anderson, J., Kogan, M., Palen, L., Anderson, K. M., Morss, R., Demuth, J., and Lazrus, H. (2018). Developing and Evaluating Annotation Procedures for Twitter Data during Hazard Events. Proceedings of the LAW-MWE-CxG-2018. 7. McMinn, A. J., Moshfeghi, Y., and Jose, J. M. (2013). Building a Large-scale Corpus for Evaluating Event Detection on Twitter. Proceedings of the 22nd ACM CIKM.

opencc-by-4.0May 2020View details →

Interdependency of port clusters during regional disasters

Ports play a vital role in the economy of nations and provide a critical link in the supply chain. Ports form the gateway by which essential goods are received within large geographic regions. Because of their function, ports are exposed to a substantial risk of flooding, storm events, sea-level rise, and climate change. The resiliency of ports is essential for the economy, the people, and national readiness. The contribution of this research work is in providing a methodology to quantify port resiliency that is applicable at the individual port level and regionally. The research approach first defines a quantifiable measure of systematic resiliency. Then applies this measure to quantify the resiliency of six ports located in the Southeast US impacted by Hurricane Matthew (2016). The details are presented in the final report. Also, the data set used for the report is included.

dryad32/100

Data from: Patterns and limitations of urban human mobility resilience under the influence of multiple types of natural disaster

Natural disasters pose serious threats to large urban areas, therefore understanding and predicting human movements is critical for evaluating a population's vulnerability and resilience and developing plans for disaster evacuation, response and relief. However, only limited research has been conducted into the effect of natural disasters on human mobility. This study examines how natural disasters influence human mobility patterns in urban populations using individuals' movement data collected from Twitter. We selected fifteen destructive cases across five types of natural disaster and analyzed the human movement data before, during, and after each event, comparing the perturbed and steady state movement data. The results suggest that the power-law can describe human mobility in most cases and that human mobility patterns observed in steady states are often correlated with those in perturbed states, highlighting their inherent resilience. However, the quantitative analysis shows that this resilience has its limits and can fail in more powerful natural disasters. The findings from this study will deepen our understanding of the interaction between urban dwellers and civil infrastructure, improve our ability to predict human movement patterns during natural disasters, and facilitate contingency planning by policymakers.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

dryad32/100

Emergent social cohesion for coping with community disruptions in disasters

Social cohesion is an important determinant of community well-being, especially in times of distress such as disasters. This study investigates the phenomena of emergent social cohesion, which is characterized by abrupt, temporary, and extensive social ties with the goal of sharing and receiving information regarding a particular event influencing a community. In the context of disasters, emergent social cohesion, enabled by social media usage, could play a significant role in improving the ability of communities to cope with disruptions in recent disasters. In this study, we employed a network reticulation framework to examine the underlying mechanisms influencing emergent social cohesion in online social media while communities cope with disaster-induced disruptions. We analyzed neighborhood-tagged social media data (social media data whose users are tagged by neighborhoods) in Houston during Hurricane Harvey to characterize four modalities of network reticulation (i.e., enactment, activation, reticulation, and performance) giving rise to emergent social cohesion. Our results show that, unlike regular social cohesion, communication history and physical proximity do not significantly affect emergent social cohesion. The results also indicate that weak social ties play an important role in bridging different social network communities, and hence reinforce emergent social cohesion. The findings can inform public officials, emergency managers and decision-makers regarding the important role of neighborhood-tagged social media, as a new form of community infrastructure, for improving the ability of communities to cope with disaster disruptions through enhanced emergent social cohesion.

opencc-zeroFeb 2020View details →

FIGURE 9 in Billions and billions sold: Pet-feeder crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), commercial cricket farms, an epizootic densovirus, and government regulations make for a potential disaster

FIGURE 9. Timberline Live Pet Foods ad from May, 2012, issue of Reptiles, a trade magazine, promoting the advantages of A. domestica (sic) over other available crickets.

FIGURE 3. Gryllus bimaculatus. a in Billions and billions sold: Pet-feeder crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), commercial cricket farms, an epizootic densovirus, and government regulations make for a potential disaster

FIGURE 3. Gryllus bimaculatus. a. Adult male (left) and adult female (right) both from pet store, San Diego Co., California. Note shiny pronotums and prominence of "bimacula" areas (red arrow pointing to left macula) at base of tegmina, although typically less so in the female. b. Adult male, more unusual light colored phase with cream colored eyes, from pet store in France. DNA profiles of both these "populations" are shown in Fig. 6.

FIGURE 6. Fast distance based analysis tree for 16s ribosomal RNA gene. Note total genetic uniformity among 28 in Billions and billions sold: Pet-feeder crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), commercial cricket farms, an epizootic densovirus, and government regulations make for a potential disaster

FIGURE 6. Fast distance based analysis tree for 16s ribosomal RNA gene. Note total genetic uniformity among 28 individuals of G. locorojo from eight "localities" on three continents. See Appendix A for specimen source data.

FIGURE 4. Gryllus locorojo a in Billions and billions sold: Pet-feeder crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), commercial cricket farms, an epizootic densovirus, and government regulations make for a potential disaster

FIGURE 4. Gryllus locorojo a. Adult male from Ghann's Cricket Farm showing characteristic head stripes. Adult male genitalia consistent with Gryllus: b. lateral view (arrow points to middle lobe) and c. ventral view (arrow points to middle lobe). d. Right adult male tegmen.

FIGURE 1 in Billions and billions sold: Pet-feeder crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), commercial cricket farms, an epizootic densovirus, and government regulations make for a potential disaster

FIGURE 1. Gryllodes sigillatus (adult male left) and Acheta domesticus (adult male right). Both species are usually light brown/tan in color with a black bar between the eyes. Adults of both sexes of G. sigillatus always have short tegmina (top wings) covering about half of the abdomen. Adults of both sexes of A. domesticus have longer tegmina reaching near tip of abdomen and hind (bottom) wings (see arrows) that extend beyond tip of abdomen. In culture, some adults of the latter species shed their hind wings (Walker 1977). Such an occurrence can be confirmed by the absence of any hind wing or the presence of just a stump.

FIGURE 2. Gryllus assimilis. a in Billions and billions sold: Pet-feeder crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), commercial cricket farms, an epizootic densovirus, and government regulations make for a potential disaster

FIGURE 2. Gryllus assimilis. a. Adult male from Mexico, Quintana Roo, near Cobá, more typical dark phase. Note dull pronotum (arrow) due to covering of fine hairs. b. Adult male from Mexico, Quintana Roo, Cancun, rarer light color phase, showing dull pronotum and head with indications of stripes. Field collected adults of both sexes are always long winged. Such color variation in natural specimens confirms the importance of male calling song for positive identification.

FIGURE 5 in Billions and billions sold: Pet-feeder crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), commercial cricket farms, an epizootic densovirus, and government regulations make for a potential disaster

FIGURE 5. Oscillograms (a,b) and sonogram (b) of the calling song of G. locorojo. a (upper). Male from S(top) 11–124, Rainbow Meal Worms, R(ecording) 12–4 @ 23°C showing only pairs which are sometimes grouped. B (lower). Male from S12–15, Monkfield Nutrition, R12–19 at 24°C, showing a triplet, doublet, and singlet pulse chirps with a dominant frequency of 5.4 kHz (Interestingly, dominant frequency is 4.2 kHz in Shestakov & Vedenina 2012).

FIGURE 8 in Billions and billions sold: Pet-feeder crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), commercial cricket farms, an epizootic densovirus, and government regulations make for a potential disaster

FIGURE 8. Joint Ghann's Cricket Farm – Top Hat Cricket Farm ad from May, 2012, issue of Reptiles, a trade magazine, promoting USDA authorized G. assimilis over illegal G. locorojo.

FIGURE 6 in Stoneflies left over from a mining disaster: new species and records of Perlidae (Plecoptera) from the Doce River basin, southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 6. Photographs of the habitat of Anacroneuria piranga sp. nov. located on the Piranga River, Minas Gerais, Brazil.

FIGURE 5 in Stoneflies left over from a mining disaster: new species and records of Perlidae (Plecoptera) from the Doce River basin, southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 5. (A–G): Anacroneuria piranga sp. nov. male. A. Habitus; B. Head and pronotum; C. Forewing and hindwing; D. Male sternum 9 and hammer; E. penial armature, ventral view; F. penial armature, dorsal view; G. penial armature, lateral view. Scales—Fig. 5: A and C. 2 mm; B and D. 1 mm; E, F and G. 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 4 in Stoneflies left over from a mining disaster: new species and records of Perlidae (Plecoptera) from the Doce River basin, southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 4. (A–G): Anacroneuria itatiaiensis male. A. Habitus; B. Head and pronotum; C. Forewing and hindwing; D. Male sternum 9 and hammer; E. penial armature, ventral view; F. penial armature, dorsal view; G. penial armature, lateral view. Scales—Fig. 4: A and C. 2 mm; B and D. 1 mm; E, F and G. 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Stoneflies left over from a mining disaster: new species and records of Perlidae (Plecoptera) from the Doce River basin, southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 3. (A–G): Anacroneuria mineira male. A. Habitus; B. Head and pronotum; C. Forewing and hindwing; D. Male sternum 9 and hammer; E. penial armature, ventral view; F. penial armature, dorsal view; G. penial armature, lateral view. Scales—Fig. 3: A and C. 2 mm; B and D. 1 mm; E, F and G. 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 2 in Stoneflies left over from a mining disaster: new species and records of Perlidae (Plecoptera) from the Doce River basin, southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 2. (A–G): Anacroneuria atrifrons male. A. Habitus; B. Head and pronotum; C. Forewing and hindwing; D. Male sternum 9 and hammer; E. penial armature, ventral view; F. penial armature, dorsal view; G. penial armature, lateral view. Scales—Fig. 2: A and C. 2 mm; B and D. 1 mm; E, F and G. 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 1 in Stoneflies left over from a mining disaster: new species and records of Perlidae (Plecoptera) from the Doce River basin, southeastern Brazil

FIGURE 1. Sampling sites in Doce River basin. White circles are samples unaffected by tailings, orange circles are samples affected, black dots in the center of the circles are records of Plecoptera. Orange triangle is dam ruptured, orange lines are rivers affected by tailings and blue lines are unaffected tributaries.