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Using species distribution models and decision tools to direct surveys and identify potential translocation sites for a critically endangered species
<p>Aim: Occurrence records for cryptic species are typically limited or highly uncertain, leaving their distributions poorly resolved and hampering conservation. This can apply to well‐studied species, and increased survey effort and/or novel methods are required to improve distribution data. Here, we paired species distribution modelling (SDM) with decision tools to direct surveys for the critically endangered Leadbeater's possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) outside its current restricted range. We also assessed survey areas for their suitability to host translocations.</p> <p>Location: Victoria, Australia.</p> <p>Method: We used both recent and historic records (now out of range and spatially uncertain) of Leadbeater's possum to build SDMs using MaxEnt. The SDMs informed an initial multi‐criteria decision analysis (MCDA) that enabled prioritization of 80 survey sites across seven forest patches (13–145 km outside the known range), which we surveyed using camera traps. Site and vegetation data were used in a post‐survey MCDA to rank their potential translocation suitability.</p> <p>Results: The SDM predictions were consistent with the species' ecology, identifying cold areas with high rainfall that had not recently burnt as suitable. The spatial uncertainty of records did not exert a strong influence on either model predictions or the ranking of patches for surveys. Camera trap surveys yielded records of 19 native species, with Leadbeater's possum detected in only one survey patch, 13 km outside of its previously known range. The post‐survey MCDA identified three forest patches as potentially suitable for conservation translocations, and these priorities were not sensitive to the decision criteria used.</p> <p>Main conclusions: The approach outlined here prioritized survey effort over a large area, resulting in detection of Leadbeater's possum in one new patch. The potential translocation sites identified could present an important risk‐spreading measure for the species given the threat posed by bushfire. Combining SDMs and decision tools can help target surveys and guide subsequent conservation strategies.</p>
Maps of depths are created for the site of 50 m length. Flow types are turbulent, broken standing waves, unbroken standing waves, and rippled. The average width was 8 m and varied from 5.5 to 12 m. Bed elements included bars, rocks, and step/pools. The average depth was 0.35 m, with a maximum of 0.6 m. The average velocity was 0.4 m/s, with a maximum of 1.2 m/s (figs 10). Distribution of bottom habitats at the locations with the crayfish are as follows: megalital — 5 %, macrolithal — 30 %, mesolithal — 25 %, microlithal — 15 %, psammal — 15 %, CPOM — 10 %. Assessment by hydrobiological parameters showed that the presence of Lyngbya and Oscillatoria, as well as the increase of the number of Oligochae- in New Findings Of White Clawed Crayfish, Austropotamobius Pallipes (Decapoda, Astacidae), And Peculiarities Of Its Spatial Distribution In Neretvica (Bosnia And Herzegovina)
Maps of depths are created for the site of 50 m length. Flow types are turbulent, broken standing waves, unbroken standing waves, and rippled. The average width was 8 m and varied from 5.5 to 12 m. Bed elements included bars, rocks, and step/pools. The average depth was 0.35 m, with a maximum of 0.6 m. The average velocity was 0.4 m/s, with a maximum of 1.2 m/s (figs 10). Distribution of bottom habitats at the locations with the crayfish are as follows: megalital — 5 %, macrolithal — 30 %, mesolithal — 25 %, microlithal — 15 %, psammal — 15 %, CPOM — 10 %. Assessment by hydrobiological parameters showed that the presence of Lyngbya and Oscillatoria, as well as the increase of the number of Oligochae-
Рис. 1. РаспреΑеΛение кΛючевых мест гнезΑования ΑаΛьневосточного аиста в Хабаровском крае в 1999–2000 гг. (по: Δарман и Αр. 2000b; Сурмач, Шибаев 2000) Fig. 1. Distribution of key nesting sites of the Oriental White Stork in the Khabarovsk Territory in 1999–2000 (based on: Darmanet al. 2000b; Surmach, Shibaev 2000) in The number and distribution of the Oriental White Stork Ciconia boyciana Swinhoe, 1873 in the Khabarovskiy Region
Рис. 1. РаспреΑеΛение кΛючевых мест гнезΑования ΑаΛьневосточного аиста в Хабаровском крае в 1999–2000 гг. (по: Δарман и Αр. 2000b; Сурмач, Шибаев 2000) Fig. 1. Distribution of key nesting sites of the Oriental White Stork in the Khabarovsk Territory in 1999–2000 (based on: Darmanet al. 2000b; Surmach, Shibaev 2000)
Рис. 8. 3D–диаграммы пространственного распределениЯ обилиЯ моллюска M. catrusiana (А), фитомассы (В), твердости грунта на глубине 5–10 см (C) и доли агрегатных фракций 3–5 мм (D) на участке № 2 в 2011 г. (единицы иЗмерениЯ осей Х и Y даны в метрах). Fig. 8. 3D–diagrams of the abundance spatial distribution of the land snail M. catrusiana (A), phytomass (B), 0–10 cm layer soil penetration resistance (C), aggregate particle size 3–5 mm (D) at the site 1 in 2011 (axes X and Y presented in meters). in Analysis of the spatial distribution patterns of the land snail populations: a geostatistic method approach
Рис. 8. 3D–диаграммы пространственного распределениЯ обилиЯ моллюска M. catrusiana (А), фитомассы (В), твердости грунта на глубине 5–10 см (C) и доли агрегатных фракций 3–5 мм (D) на участке № 2 в 2011 г. (единицы иЗмерениЯ осей Х и Y даны в метрах). Fig. 8. 3D–diagrams of the abundance spatial distribution of the land snail M. catrusiana (A), phytomass (B), 0–10 cm layer soil penetration resistance (C), aggregate particle size 3–5 mm (D) at the site 1 in 2011 (axes X and Y presented in meters).
Рис. 6. Графики Зависимости оценок варианс (S2) от средней плотности (D) популЯций наЗемных моллюсков B. cylindrica (А) и M. cartusiana (В): 1 – участок № 1, 2010 г.; 2 – участок № 2, 2011 г.; 3 – участок № 4, 2012 г.; 4 – участок № 5, 2012 г. Fig. 6. Variance estimation (S2) and average density (D) of the land snail B. cylindrica (А) and M. cartusiana (В) population scatter plots: 1 – site 1, 2010; 2 – site 2, 2011; 3 – site 4, 2012; 4 – site 5, 2012. in Analysis of the spatial distribution patterns of the land snail populations: a geostatistic method approach
Рис. 6. Графики Зависимости оценок варианс (S2) от средней плотности (D) популЯций наЗемных моллюсков B. cylindrica (А) и M. cartusiana (В): 1 – участок № 1, 2010 г.; 2 – участок № 2, 2011 г.; 3 – участок № 4, 2012 г.; 4 – участок № 5, 2012 г. Fig. 6. Variance estimation (S2) and average density (D) of the land snail B. cylindrica (А) and M. cartusiana (В) population scatter plots: 1 – site 1, 2010; 2 – site 2, 2011; 3 – site 4, 2012; 4 – site 5, 2012.
Рис. 5. Коррелограммы покаЗателей обилиЯ наЗемных моллюсков раЗных воЗрастных групп (1 – ювенильные; 2 – вЗрослые; 3 – все вместе): A – H. lucorum, участок № 1, 2010 г.; B – Ch. tridens, участок № 2, 2011 г.; C – Ch. tridens, участок № 4, 2012 г.); D – Ch. tridens, участок № 5, 2012 г. (достоверные оценки индекса Морана отмечены Залитыми Значками). Fig. 5. Spatial correlogram of the land snail different age groups abundance (1 – juvenile; 2 – adult; 3 – total): A – H. lucorum, site 1, 2010; B – Ch. tridens, site 2, 2011; C – Ch. tridens, site 4, 2012; D – Ch. tridens, site 5, 2012 (Moran index confidence value presented by filled signs). in Analysis of the spatial distribution patterns of the land snail populations: a geostatistic method approach
Рис. 5. Коррелограммы покаЗателей обилиЯ наЗемных моллюсков раЗных воЗрастных групп (1 – ювенильные; 2 – вЗрослые; 3 – все вместе): A – H. lucorum, участок № 1, 2010 г.; B – Ch. tridens, участок № 2, 2011 г.; C – Ch. tridens, участок № 4, 2012 г.); D – Ch. tridens, участок № 5, 2012 г. (достоверные оценки индекса Морана отмечены Залитыми Значками). Fig. 5. Spatial correlogram of the land snail different age groups abundance (1 – juvenile; 2 – adult; 3 – total): A – H. lucorum, site 1, 2010; B – Ch. tridens, site 2, 2011; C – Ch. tridens, site 4, 2012; D – Ch. tridens, site 5, 2012 (Moran index confidence value presented by filled signs).
Рис. 4. Коррелограммы покаЗателей обилиЯ наЗемного моллюска M. cartusiana раЗных воЗрастных групп (1 – ювенильные; 2 – вЗрослые; 3 – все вместе): A – участок № 1, 2010 г.; B – участок № 2, 2011 г.; C – участок № 4, 2012 г.); D – участок № 5, 2012 г. (достоверные оценки индекса Морана отмечены Залитыми Значками). Fig. 4. Spatial correlogram of land snail M. cartusiana age groups abundance (1 – juvenile; 2 – adult; 3 – total): A – site 1, 2010; B – site 2, 2011; C – site 4, 2012; D – site 5, 2012 (Moran index confidence value presented by filled sings). in Analysis of the spatial distribution patterns of the land snail populations: a geostatistic method approach
Рис. 4. Коррелограммы покаЗателей обилиЯ наЗемного моллюска M. cartusiana раЗных воЗрастных групп (1 – ювенильные; 2 – вЗрослые; 3 – все вместе): A – участок № 1, 2010 г.; B – участок № 2, 2011 г.; C – участок № 4, 2012 г.); D – участок № 5, 2012 г. (достоверные оценки индекса Морана отмечены Залитыми Значками). Fig. 4. Spatial correlogram of land snail M. cartusiana age groups abundance (1 – juvenile; 2 – adult; 3 – total): A – site 1, 2010; B – site 2, 2011; C – site 4, 2012; D – site 5, 2012 (Moran index confidence value presented by filled sings).
Рис. 3. Коррелограммы покаЗателей обилиЯ наЗемного моллюска B. cylindrica раЗных воЗрастных групп (1 – ювенильные; 2 – вЗрослые; 3 – все вместе): A – участок № 1, 2010 г.; B – участок № 2, 2011 г.; C – участок № 4, 2012 г.); D – участок №5, 2012 г. (достоверные оценки индекса Морана отмечены Залитыми Значками). Fig. 3. Spatial correlogram of the land snail B. cylindrica age groups abundance (1 – juvenile; 2 – adult; 3 – total): A – site 1, 2010; B – site 2, 2011; C – site 4, 2012; D – site 5, 2012 (Moran index confidence value presented by filled signs). in Analysis of the spatial distribution patterns of the land snail populations: a geostatistic method approach
Рис. 3. Коррелограммы покаЗателей обилиЯ наЗемного моллюска B. cylindrica раЗных воЗрастных групп (1 – ювенильные; 2 – вЗрослые; 3 – все вместе): A – участок № 1, 2010 г.; B – участок № 2, 2011 г.; C – участок № 4, 2012 г.); D – участок №5, 2012 г. (достоверные оценки индекса Морана отмечены Залитыми Значками). Fig. 3. Spatial correlogram of the land snail B. cylindrica age groups abundance (1 – juvenile; 2 – adult; 3 – total): A – site 1, 2010; B – site 2, 2011; C – site 4, 2012; D – site 5, 2012 (Moran index confidence value presented by filled signs).
Рис. 7. 3D–диаграммы пространственного распределениЯ обилиЯ моллюска B. cylindrica (А), фитомассы (В), проективного покрытиЯ (С), твердости грунта на глубине 5–10 см (D) на участке № 1 в 2010 г. (единицы иЗмерениЯ осей Х и Y даны в метрах). Fig. 7. 3D–diagrams of the abundance spatial distribution of the snail B. cylindrica (A), phytomass (B), plants projective cover (C), 0–10 cm layer soil penetration resistance (D) at the site 1 in 2010. (axes X and Y presented in meters). in Analysis of the spatial distribution patterns of the land snail populations: a geostatistic method approach
Рис. 7. 3D–диаграммы пространственного распределениЯ обилиЯ моллюска B. cylindrica (А), фитомассы (В), проективного покрытиЯ (С), твердости грунта на глубине 5–10 см (D) на участке № 1 в 2010 г. (единицы иЗмерениЯ осей Х и Y даны в метрах). Fig. 7. 3D–diagrams of the abundance spatial distribution of the snail B. cylindrica (A), phytomass (B), plants projective cover (C), 0–10 cm layer soil penetration resistance (D) at the site 1 in 2010. (axes X and Y presented in meters).
Рис. 2. Диаграммы распределениЯ обилиЯ наЗемного моллюска M. cartusiana: A – участок № 1, 2010 г.; B – участок № 2, 2011 г.; C – участок № 4, 2012 г.; D – участок № 5, 2012 г. (единицы иЗмерениЯ осей Х и Y даны в метрах; численность особей пропорциональна раЗмерам Шариков). Fig. 2. Diagram of the abundance distribution of the land snail M. cartusiana: A – site 1, 2010; B – site 2, 2011; C – site 4, 2012; D – site 5, 2012 (Х and Y axes presented in meters; abundance proportional to sphere sizes). in Analysis of the spatial distribution patterns of the land snail populations: a geostatistic method approach
Рис. 2. Диаграммы распределениЯ обилиЯ наЗемного моллюска M. cartusiana: A – участок № 1, 2010 г.; B – участок № 2, 2011 г.; C – участок № 4, 2012 г.; D – участок № 5, 2012 г. (единицы иЗмерениЯ осей Х и Y даны в метрах; численность особей пропорциональна раЗмерам Шариков). Fig. 2. Diagram of the abundance distribution of the land snail M. cartusiana: A – site 1, 2010; B – site 2, 2011; C – site 4, 2012; D – site 5, 2012 (Х and Y axes presented in meters; abundance proportional to sphere sizes).
Fig. 9 in The black goby Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758 in the Marchica Lagoon (Alboran Sea, Morocco): spatio-temporal distribution, its environmental drivers, and the site-related footprint
Fig. 9: Histogram of the Mantel test assessing the relationship between genetic and morphologic distance for Gobius niger. Sim: simulations; Frequency: frequency values of the correlation between the genetic and morphologic distances. The dot represents the original value of the correlation between the distance matrices.
Fig. 6 in The black goby Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758 in the Marchica Lagoon (Alboran Sea, Morocco): spatio-temporal distribution, its environmental drivers, and the site-related footprint
Fig. 6: PCA of the morphological variables of Gobius niger (standard length, SL; body height, BH; head length, HL; snout length, SnL; eye diameter, ED; first dorsal fin, DF1; second dorsal fin, DF2; anal fin, AF; pectoral fin, PF; ventral fin, VF) with projection of phenotypic groups. PC1 vs. PC2 and PC2 vs. PC3. The percentage of variation explained by each PC axis is given within parentheses.
Fig. 3 in The black goby Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758 in the Marchica Lagoon (Alboran Sea, Morocco): spatio-temporal distribution, its environmental drivers, and the site-related footprint
Fig. 3: Cluster analysis associated with the similarity profile test (SIMPROF), based on abundances of Gobius niger, reveals reciprocal relations among the 20 sampled stations in the Marchica Lagoon using the Bray–Curtis distance.
Fig. 2 in The black goby Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758 in the Marchica Lagoon (Alboran Sea, Morocco): spatio-temporal distribution, its environmental drivers, and the site-related footprint
Fig. 2: Picture of Gobius niger from the Marchica Lagoon showing the main measurements taken: total length (TL), standard length (SL), head length (LT), snout length (SnL), body height (BH), and eye diameter (ED).
Fig. 7 in The black goby Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758 in the Marchica Lagoon (Alboran Sea, Morocco): spatio-temporal distribution, its environmental drivers, and the site-related footprint
Fig. 7: Linear regression of the principal component score axis (PC1) from morphometric measurements on the log standard length of Gobius niger with projection of phenotypic groups.
Fig. 8 in The black goby Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758 in the Marchica Lagoon (Alboran Sea, Morocco): spatio-temporal distribution, its environmental drivers, and the site-related footprint
Fig. 8: Haplotype network constructed from 16S rDNA sequences of Gobius niger. The size of a particular circle reflects the haplotype frequency. The numbers indicate the nodes.
Fig. 1 in The black goby Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758 in the Marchica Lagoon (Alboran Sea, Morocco): spatio-temporal distribution, its environmental drivers, and the site-related footprint
Fig. 1: Map showing the geographical localization of the Marchica Lagoon and the sampling stations of Gobius niger.
Fig. 4 in The black goby Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758 in the Marchica Lagoon (Alboran Sea, Morocco): spatio-temporal distribution, its environmental drivers, and the site-related footprint
Fig. 4: Two-dimensional redundancy analysis (RDA) ordination representing the spatial distribution of Gobius niger related to the predictor variables selected through the best linear models based on distance (DISTLM). SM: suspended matter.
Fig. 4 in Bats of Alpi Marittime Nature Park (North West Italy) and Site of Community Importance IT1160056: distribution and status
Fig. 4 - Social calls of Pipistellus nathusii were recorded with an Elekon Batlogger on 30th August 2011 at Valdieri. / Grida sociali di Pipistellus nathusii registrati con Elekon Batlogger il 30 agosto 2011 a Valdieri.
Fig. 1 in Bats of Alpi Marittime Nature Park (North West Italy) and Site of Community Importance IT1160056: distribution and status
Fig. 1 - Study area and mist-netting points. / Area di studio e localizzazione dei punti di cattura.
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