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177 results for “ecological interactions”

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dryad36/100

Interactions between phenanthrene exposure and historical chemical stress: Implications for fitness and ecological resilience of the sentinel species Daphnia magna

<div> Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) arise from incomplete combustion of oil, coal, and gasoline, with lipophilic properties facilitating their widespread distribution and persistence. Due to their biochemical attributes, PAHs can accumulate in animal tissues, potentially causing mutagenic and carcinogenic effects. Since the industrial revolution, PAH concentrations in the environment have risen, with some areas showing levels from 0.159 to 33,090 µg/kg sediment. Despite acute toxicity studies showing adverse effects on freshwater organisms, the long-term impacts and synergistic interactions with other pollutants remain largely unexplored. </div> <div> This study investigates the impact of phenanthrene (PHE), a prominent PAH found in aquatic environments, on Daphnia magna, a species of significant ecological importance in freshwater ecosystems globally, being both a sentinel species for chemical pollution and a keystone organism in freshwater aquatic ecosystems. Leveraging the dormancy of D. magna, which spans decades or even centuries, we exposed strains with diverse histories of chemical contaminant exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of PHE. Initially, acute exposure experiments were conducted in accordance with OECD guidelines across 16 Daphnia strains, revealing substantial variation in acute toxic responses, with strains naïve to chemical pollutants showing the lowest toxicity. Utilizing the median effect concentration EC10 derived from acute exposures, we assessed the impacts of chronic PHE exposure on the life history traits and ecological endpoints of the 16 strains. To elucidate how historical exposure to other environmental stressors may modulate the toxicity of PHE, temporal populations of D. magna resurrected from a lake with a well-documented century-spanning history of environmental impact were utilized. Our findings demonstrate that PHE exposure induces developmental failure, delays sexual maturation, and reduces adult size in Daphnia. Populations of Daphnia historically exposed to chemical stress exhibited significantly greater fitness impacts compared to naïve populations. This study provides crucial insights into the augmented effects of PAHs interacting with other environmental stressors. </div>

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

zenodo36/100

Fig. 11 in Ecological interactions between arthropods and small vertebrates in a lowland Amazon rainforest

Fig. 11. Juvenile Pamphobeteus sp. infested by fly larvae. Photo by Emanuele Biggi.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2019View details →

zenodo36/100

Coopetition as an ecological dynamic: interactions between dense seasonal macroalgal mats and oysters on temperate shellfish reefs

We document the proliferation of dense algal mats on intertidal oyster reefs in the Southeastern USA. We also use data from a small field experiment to understand the effects that oysters have on macroalgae. The data and code included here can be used to replicate all analyses and figures in the manuscript.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

dryad36/100

Data and code: Global and regional ecological boundaries explain abrupt spatial discontinuities in avian frugivory interactions

Species interactions can propagate disturbances across space via direct and indirect effects, potentially connecting species at a global scale. However, ecological and biogeographic boundaries may mitigate this spread by demarcating the limits of ecological networks. We tested whether large-scale ecological boundaries (ecoregions and biomes) and human disturbance gradients increase dissimilarity among plant-frugivore networks, while accounting for background spatial and elevational gradients and differences in network sampling. We assessed network dissimilarity patterns over a broad spatial scale, using 196 quantitative avian frugivory networks (encompassing 1,496 plant and 1,004 bird species) distributed across 67 ecoregions, 11 biomes, and 6 continents. We show that dissimilarities in species and interaction composition, but not network structure, are greater across ecoregion and biome boundaries and along different levels of human disturbance. Our findings indicate that biogeographic boundaries delineate the world's biodiversity of interactions and likely contribute to mitigating the propagation of disturbances at large spatial scales.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Data for: Ecological interactions mediate projected loss of kelp biomass under climate change

This dataset contains the data used to define a stacked species distribution model (SDM) for kelp (Ecklonia radiata) and urchins (Centrostephanus rodgersii) in eastern Australia. The spatial extent of this study encompasses the eastern coast of Australia, between 28.0–37.5°S. Within this region, E. radiata is the only laminarian kelp species, while C. rodgersii is the dominant urchin species, with ecological interactions between these two species creating a patchwork of kelp forests and urchin barrens on shallow reefs.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

dryad36/100

Data for: Capturing complex interactions in disease ecology with simplicial sets

Here we provide archived code for: Code for Capturing Complex Interactions in Disease Ecology with Simplicial Sets. Ecology Letters. The code provided can be used to generate the figures used in the manuscript as well as to generate appendix 3 in the supplementary materials. In the paper, we describe how higher-order network approaches can be applied in disease ecology research. We explain what simplicial sets are; why their use would be beneficial in different subject areas; where these areas are: social, transmission, movement/spatial and ecological networks; and when using them would help most in each context. To demonstrate their application, we develop a novel approach to identify how pathogens persist within a host population (see code for Appendix 3 in this repository). We also provide an overview of how to use simplicial sets, highlighting specific metrics, generative models and software. Finally, we synthesize key research questions simplicial sets will help us answer and highlight the methodological developments required.

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

dryad36/100

The structure and ecological function of the interactions between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi through multilayer networks

<ol> <li>Arbuscular mycorrhizas are one of the most frequent mutualisms in terrestrial ecosystems. Although studies on plant mutualistic interaction networks suggest that they may leave their imprint on plant community structure and dynamics, this has not been explicitly assessed. Thus, in the context of plant-fungi interactions, studies explicitly linking plant-mycorrhizal fungi interaction networks with key ecological functions of plant communities, such as recruitment, are lacking. </li> <li>In this study, we analyse, in two Mediterranean forest communities of southern Iberian Peninsula, how plant-AMF networks modulate plant-plant recruitment interaction networks. We use a new approach integrating plant-AMF and plant recruitment networks into a single multilayer structure. We also develop a new metric (Interlayer Node Neighbourhood Integration, INNI) to explore the impact of a given node on the structure across layers.</li> <li>Similarity of plant species in their AMF communities is positively related to the observed frequency of recruitment interactions in the field. Results reveal that properties of plant-AMF networks, such as plant degree and centrality, contribute to explaining properties of the plant recruitment network, such as in- and out-degree (i.e. sapling bank and canopy service) and its modular structure. However, these relationships differed between the two forest communities. Finally, we identify particular AMF that contribute to integrating the neighbourhood of recruitment interactions between plants.</li> <li>This multilayer network approach is useful to explore the role of plant-AMF interactions on recruitment, a key ecosystem function enhanced by fungi. Results provide evidence that the complex structure of plant-AMF interactions impacts functional and structurally plant-plant interactions, which in turn may potentially influence plant community dynamics, through their effects on the structure of the recruitment network.</li> </ol>

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

zenodo36/100

Entangled Ecologies. Interactive Documentary between Living Archive, Responsible Witnessing and Relational Co-Creation

The videoessay is also accessible: <a href="https://trametrami.avinus.org/publikationen/3-2023">https://trametrami.avinus.org/publikationen/3-2023</a> Recent re-conceptualizations of participation as well as theories of digital transformation culture have shifted the notion of the archive seeing not so much as a static, institutional body but rather as a dynamic, living epistemic environments. Building on these approaches, this presentation discusses emerging phenomena in interactive documentary focusing on ecological emergency – seeing this crisis itself as a complex ecology of issues where images and conceptualization past, present and future meet. Taking paradigmatic projects addressing the issue of climate change – The Shore Line (2017) and Climate Witness Project (2019) – I suggest tentative answers to the question in which way i-docs can contribute to tackle complex change. Are there images from the past which help us to better cope with the present and to envision a more sustainable future? How can one raise awareness of immanent ecological risks when menace is almost invisible, unprecedented and un-imaginable? Is there a way to negotiate multifaceted entanglements through documentaries which are neither paralyzing ecodystopian narratives nor naive ecotopian success-stories? The hypothesis underlying my approach is that one possible solution resides in documentaries which are built on principles of pluri-perspectivity and polyphony to transcend dualisms and to build bridges leading from history to the forthcoming. Discourses from various traditions are brought into dialogue: theories of documentary film meet ecocriticism; network theory encounters reflections on the epistemic dimension of non-fiction; and concepts of co-creation and intervention are related to processes of witnessing, doing documentary and responsible action-taking.   more information: <a href="https://did.avinus.org/">https://did.avinus.org/</a> and <a href="https://trametrami.avinus.org/publikationen">https://trametrami.avinus.org/publikationen </a>

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

dryad36/100

On the de novo emergence of ecological interactions during evolutionary diversification: A conceptual framework and experimental test

Ecological interactions are crucial to the structure and function of biological communities, but we lack a causal understanding of the forces shaping their emergence during evolutionary diversification. Here we provide a conceptual framework linking different modes of diversification (e.g. ecological diversification), which depend on environmental characteristics, to the evolution of particular interactions (e.g. resource partitioning) in asexual lineages. We tested the framework by examining the net interactions in communities of Pseudomonas aeruginosa produced via experimental evolution in nutritionally simple (SIM) or complex (COM) environments by contrasting the productivity and competitive fitness of whole evolved communities relative to their component isolates. As expected, we found that nutritional complexity drove the evolution of communities with net positive interactions whereas SIM communities had similar performance as their component isolates. A follow-up experiment revealed that high fitness in two COM communities was driven by rare variants (frequency <0.1%) that antagonized PA14, the ancestral strain and common competitor used in fitness assays. Our study suggests that the evolution of de novo ecological interactions in asexual lineages is predictable at a broad scale from environmental conditions. Further, our work demonstrates that rare variants can disproportionately impact the function of relatively simple microbial communities.

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Influence of model complexity, training collinearity, collinearity shift, predictor novelty, and their interactions on ecological forecasting

This is a repository for revised manuscript submitted to Global Ecology and Biogeography. Update: The manuscript was accepted by Global Ecology and Biography and published online on 29 November 2023. Preprint: The 1st version submitted to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) can be found at: <a href="https://doi.org/10.32942/X2MS38" rel="nofollow">https://doi.org/10.32942/X2MS38</a> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13793" rel="nofollow">https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.13793</a> Citation: Chen, X., Liang, Y., & Feng, X. (2023). Influence of model complexity, training collinearity, collinearity shift, predictor novelty and their interactions on ecological forecasting. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 33, 371-384. GitHub repository: https://github.com/xinxxxin/Influence-of-collinearity-and-novelty-on-ecological-forecasting/tree/main

openother-openJul 2023View details →

dryad36/100