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Fig. 7 in Morphology and life cycle of an epiphytic pherusellid ctenostome bryozoan from the Mediterranean Sea

Fig. 7 Autozooidal musculature and formation and degeneration of the parietal musculature of Pherusella sp. with retracted polypide. a Overview of autozooidal musculature from the basal side. Volume rendering. b Musculature of a degenerating zooid from the basal side. Volume rendering. c Developing parietal musculature in a young bud. Musculature is indicated in orange, cell nuclei in blue. Maximum intensity projection. Abbreviations: ap – aperture, db – duplicature band, ds – diaphragmatic sphincter, es – esophagus, int – intestine, mo – mouth opening, rm – retractor muscle, tm – tentacle muscle, ph – pharynx, pm – parietal muscle, pv – parieto-vestibular muscle, py – pylorus, v – vestibulum

Fig. 5 in Morphology and life cycle of an epiphytic pherusellid ctenostome bryozoan from the Mediterranean Sea

Fig. 5 Communication pore complex in Pherusella sp. a Volume rendering based on a semithin section series showing a pore complex of the proximal body wall. b Histological semithin section through two adjacent zooids along the longitudinal axis, toluidine blue staining. Special cell runs through minute pore within the ectocyst of two adjacent zooids. c + d Frontal view of the cystid wall between two adjacent zooids. Special cell passes through the pores and connect two zooids. Surrounding cells creating a rosette-shaped complex. F-actin elements indicated in orange and cell nuclei in blue. Maximum intensity projection (c) and volume rendering (d). Abbreviations: bc – body cavity, e – ectocyst, lc – limiting cell, p – pore, rm – retractor muscle, sc – special cell

Fig. 4 in Morphology and life cycle of an epiphytic pherusellid ctenostome bryozoan from the Mediterranean Sea

Fig. 4 Schematic representation of the muscular system of Pherusella sp. with retracted polypide. The musculature is indicated in red. a Frontal view. b Lateral view. Abbreviations: at – atrium, c – coelom, ca – cardia, cae – caecum, db – duplicature band, ds – diaphragmatic sphincter, es – esophagus, f – funiculus, int – intestine, or – orifice, ph – pharynx, pm – parietal muscle, pv – parietovestibular muscle, py – pylorus, rm – retractor muscle, t – tentacle, ts – tentacle sheath, v – vestibulum

Fig. 2 in Morphology and life cycle of an epiphytic pherusellid ctenostome bryozoan from the Mediterranean Sea

Fig. 2 Colony formation in Pherusella sp. Note the proximolateral budding pattern which leads to the establishment of two rows of zooids opposing each other with their proximo-lateral sides. On the left side are light microscopic pictures with the corresponding schematic representation on the right side. a Foundation of a colony with a mature ancestrula and a young developing bud on its left side. b Colony in a 2-zooid stage with two budding loci. c Colony in 4- zooid stage. Colony already started with the production of larvae and embryos. d Colony in a 6-zooid stage. The arrangement into two series of zooids is now evident

Fig. 3 in Morphology and life cycle of an epiphytic pherusellid ctenostome bryozoan from the Mediterranean Sea

Fig. 3 Morphological overview of the lophophore, the frontal cystid wall, and the partitioning of the digestive system in adult Pherusella sp. a Histological semithin cross-section through a retracted lophophore surrounded by the tentacle sheath, bearing 21 tentacles. b Histological semithin cross-section through tentacles within the tentacle sheath. Note the different cilia. c Histological semithin longitudinal section through the cystid wall and the attached parietal muscle bundles. d Frontal view of a retracted polypide with its digestive system. Note the ciliation pattern of the digestive system particularly on the foregut, cardia, and pylorus. Staining against acetylated alpha-tubulin is indicated in green and cell nuclei in blue. Maximum intensity projection. Abbreviations: at – atrium, bc – body cavity, ca – cardia, cae – caecum, e – ectocyst, ecm – extracellular matrix, es – esophagus, fci – frontal cilia, int – intestine, lci – lateral cilia, ph – pharynx, pm – parietal muscle, py – pylorus, t – tentacle, tc – tentacle coelom, tm– tentacle muscle, ts – tentacle sheath

Fig. 1 in Morphology and life cycle of an epiphytic pherusellid ctenostome bryozoan from the Mediterranean Sea

Fig. 1 Gross morphological overview of colonies of Pherusella sp. a Frontal view of a mature ancestrula with a young bud on its proximo-lateral side. b Frontal view of a colony in a 4- zooid stage with several larvae and embryos developing within one zooid. c Lateral view of a protruded lophophore. d Scanning electron microscopic image of a colony in a 3-zooid stage with the ancestrula on the right side. e Scanning electron microscopic image of the remains of the larval valves on the ancestrula. f Scanning electron microscopy image of the orifice with its characteristic rectangular shape. Abbreviations: b – bud, ca – cardia, cae – caecum, dp – developing polypide, eb – embryo, es – esophagus, l – lophophore, la – larva, mo – mouth opening, or – orifice, t – tentacle, ph – pharynx, py – pylorus, rlv – remain of larval valves, ts – tentacle sheath, vw – vestibular wall

Fig. 36 in Gastrotricha - not only in sediments: new epiphytic species of Chaetonotida from the Jubilee Greenhouse of the Botanical Garden in Kraków

Fig. 36. Lepidodermella aff. squamata (Dujardin, 1841). Adult specimen. A. Habitus, phase contrast microphotograph. B–G. Bright field microphotographs. B. Head, dorsal view. C. Head, ventral view. D. Trunk, dorsal view. E. Trunk, ventral view. F. Posterior trunk region, furca base and furcal appendages, dorsal view. G. Posterior trunk region, furca base and furcal appendages, ventral view.

Fig. 35. Heterolepidoderma aff. majus Remane, 1927. Adult specimen. Bright field microphotographs. A. Habitus. B. Dorsal view. C in Gastrotricha - not only in sediments: new epiphytic species of Chaetonotida from the Jubilee Greenhouse of the Botanical Garden in Kraków

Fig. 35. Heterolepidoderma aff. majus Remane, 1927. Adult specimen. Bright field microphotographs. A. Habitus. B. Dorsal view. C. Ventral view.

Fig. 32 in Gastrotricha - not only in sediments: new epiphytic species of Chaetonotida from the Jubilee Greenhouse of the Botanical Garden in Kraków

Fig. 32. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) inaequabilis sp. nov. Adult specimen. Bright field microphotographs. A. Detail of pharynx. B. X-organ and sperm pockets.

Fig. 23 in Gastrotricha - not only in sediments: new epiphytic species of Chaetonotida from the Jubilee Greenhouse of the Botanical Garden in Kraków

Fig. 23. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) horridus sp. nov. Adult specimen. A. Spines lateral view, bright field microphotograph. B. Spines with lamellae, phase contrast microphotograph.

Fig. 22 in Gastrotricha - not only in sediments: new epiphytic species of Chaetonotida from the Jubilee Greenhouse of the Botanical Garden in Kraków

Fig. 22. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) horridus sp. nov. Adult specimen. Bright field microphotographs. A. Posterior trunk, furca base and furcal appendage, scales lateral view. B. Posterior trunk, furca base and furcal appendage scales, dorsal view. C. Central and posterior trunk scales, dorsal view. D. Posterior trunk, furca base and furcal appendage scales, ventral view.

Fig. 21 in Gastrotricha - not only in sediments: new epiphytic species of Chaetonotida from the Jubilee Greenhouse of the Botanical Garden in Kraków

Fig. 21. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) horridus sp. nov. Adult specimen. Bright field microphotographs. A. Trunk spines, dorsal view. B. Trunk spines, dorsolateral view. C–D. Trunk spines, lateral view.

Fig. 31 in Gastrotricha - not only in sediments: new epiphytic species of Chaetonotida from the Jubilee Greenhouse of the Botanical Garden in Kraków

Fig. 31. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) inaequabilis sp. nov. Adult specimen. A. Head, neck, anterior and central trunk spines, dorsal view, bright field microphotograph. B. Head, neck, anterior and central trunk spines, ventral view, bright field microphotograph. C. Ventrolateral spines with lamellae, phase contrast microphotograph.

Fig. 19 in Gastrotricha - not only in sediments: new epiphytic species of Chaetonotida from the Jubilee Greenhouse of the Botanical Garden in Kraków

Fig. 19. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) horridus sp. nov. Adult specimen. Bright field microphotographs. A. Dorsal body view. B. View of internal morphology. C. Ventral body view.

Fig. 18 in Gastrotricha - not only in sediments: new epiphytic species of Chaetonotida from the Jubilee Greenhouse of the Botanical Garden in Kraków

Fig. 18. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) horridus sp. nov. Schematic drawings of the spine types. A. First type of spines. B. Second type of spines. C. Third type of spines. D. Fourth type of spines. E. Fifth type of spines.

Fig. 17 in Gastrotricha - not only in sediments: new epiphytic species of Chaetonotida from the Jubilee Greenhouse of the Botanical Garden in Kraków

Fig. 17. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) horridus sp. nov. Schematic drawings of the scales. A. Head anteriormost scale (scale 1). B. Head dorsal scale (scale 2). C. Head dorsolateral, lateral and ventrolateral scale (scale 3). D. Head ventral scale (scale 4). E. Neck dorsal scale (scale 5). F. Neck dorsolateral, lateral and ventrolateral scale (scale 6). G. Neck ventral scale (scale 7). H. Trunk dorsal scale (scale 8). I. Trunk dorsolateral, lateral and ventrolateral scale (scale 9). J. Trunk ventral scale (scale 10). K. Scale 11. L. Scale 12. M. Scale 13. N. Scale 14. O. Scale 15. P. Scale 16. Q. Scale 17. R. Scale 18. S. Scale 19. T. Scale 20. U. Scale 21. V. Scale 22. W. Scale 23. X. Scale 24. Y. Scale 25. Z. Scale 26.

Fig. 15 in Gastrotricha - not only in sediments: new epiphytic species of Chaetonotida from the Jubilee Greenhouse of the Botanical Garden in Kraków

Fig. 15. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) hystrix Mečnikow, 1865. Adult specimen. Bright field microphotographs. A. Head dorsal spines. B. Head ventral spines. C. Neck and trunk dorsal spines. D. Neck and trunk ventral spines. E. Trunk dorsal spines. F. Trunk ventral spines.

Fig. 16 in Gastrotricha - not only in sediments: new epiphytic species of Chaetonotida from the Jubilee Greenhouse of the Botanical Garden in Kraków

Fig. 16. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) horridus sp. nov. Schematic drawings. A. Dorsal view. B. View of internal morphology. C. Ventral view. Light grey areas indicate the areas of insertion of ciliary bands.

Fig. 28 in Gastrotricha - not only in sediments: new epiphytic species of Chaetonotida from the Jubilee Greenhouse of the Botanical Garden in Kraków

Fig. 28. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) inaequabilis sp. nov. Schematic drawings of the spine types. A. First type of spines. B. Second type of spines. C–D. Third type of spines. E–F. Fourth type of spines. G. Fifth type of spines.

Fig. 14 in Gastrotricha - not only in sediments: new epiphytic species of Chaetonotida from the Jubilee Greenhouse of the Botanical Garden in Kraków

Fig. 14. Chaetonotus (Hystricochaetonotus) hystrix Mečnikow, 1865. Adult specimen. A. Habitus, phase contrast microphotograph. B. Dorsal scales, bright field microphotograph. C. Ventral scales, bright field microphotograph.