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Fig. 133 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 133. Distribution of eight species of Proechimys at the 16 primary sample sites along the Rio Jurua´, western Brazil.
Fig. 132 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 132. Distribution of discriminant scores on the single axis obtained in a comparison of cranial measurements for the upriver and downriver cytochromeb clades of Mesomys hispidus.
Fig. 160 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 160. Phenogram of Jaccard's similarity coefficients in comparisons of species composition between all documented species of marsupials, murid rodents, and echimyid rodents from each of the 16 primary sample sites along the Rio Jurua´. Terminal branches are identified by locality number (see map, fig. 1); hatched boxes at basal nodes represent 95% confidence limits. Mantel's matrix correlation coefficient for the association between the similarity matrix and the cophenetic correlation matrix is 0.873, p <0.001.
Fig. 131 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 131. Distribution of discriminant scores on the single axis obtained in a comparison of cranial measurements of Mesomys occultus and M. hispidus.
Fig. 167 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 167. (A) A maximumlikelihood tree of 47 cytochromeb haplotypes of the terrestrial spiny rat, Proechimys simonsi, recovered from 150 individuals from 11 localities along the Rio Jurua´. (B) A maximumlikelihood tree of 48 cytochromeb haplotypes of the terrestrial spiny rat, Proechimys steerei, recovered from 205 individuals from 13 localities along the Rio Jurua´. The locality (or localities) and river bank (R = right, L = left) for each haplotype are indicated. The solid circles indicate cases where individual haplotypes had to be transferred across the river given these particular tree topologies; those in a terminal position represent single haplotypes presently found on both banks, those at internal nodes hypothesize historical transfers to account for the genealogical distribution.
Fig. 163 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 163. The relationship between average sequence divergence (Kimura twoparameter distances for the mitochondrial cytochromeb gene and the relative degree of phylogeographic partitioning in 30 species or species pairs of nonvolant mammals of the Rio Juruá (following Avise et al., 1987). A high degree of phylogeographic structure indicates that haplotype lineages are confined to particular sections along the river, either left versus right bank or some pattern of regional partitioning. Medium structure is when some haplotype lineages are confined to single geographic areas while others are not. Finally low or no structure characterizes those taxa where there is no relationship between haplotype lineages and geography. The four phylogeographic categories of Avise et al. (1987; Avise, 1989) are indicated with Roman numerals.
Fig. 155 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 155. Bivariate plots of the first and second principal components axes (top, left) and second and third principal components axes (top, right) illustrating the morphometric relationships between samples of Proechimys steerei by geographic regions along the Rio Jurua´. (Bottom) Plot of the first and second principal components axes in comparisons between samples of P. steerei on opposite river banks of the Rio Jurua´.
Fig. 152 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 152. Bivariate relationship between morphometric distance (Mahalanobis D2; above) and genetic similarity (Slatkin's [1993] Mstatistic below) and the log of the straightline geographic distance between sample localities of Proechimys simonsi along the Rio Jurua´. Mantel's matrix correlation coefficients and their significance are indicated for each.
Fig. 145 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 145. (Above) Map of the distribution of Proechimys echinothrix (modified from da Silva, 1998 illustrating localities for which 801 bp of cytochromeb sequence are available, lettered or numbered as in the tree (bottom). Localities belonging to each of the three mtDNA clades are encompassed by ellipses. (Below) Single most parsimonious tree generated by the branchandbound procedure for 18 individual haplotypes from the eight localities in the map (top). Length = 341 steps; CI = 0.757; RI = 0.872. Sequences of other species of Proechimys and of Mesomys were used to root the tree. Bold numbers at internal nodes are bootstrap values, based on 1000 replicates; percentages are average Kimura twoparameter distances. Voucher catalog numbers and localities for each haplotype are given in table 69.
Fig. 164. Three alternative phylogeographic hypotheses. A in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 164. Three alternative phylogeographic hypotheses. A: Primary Diversification: reciprocally monophyletic and sister clades bounded by a river that imposed itself on an existing species range. B: Secondary Contact: reciprocally monophyletic, but nonsister clades, bounded by a river that served as the secondary meeting point of clades that evolved elsewhere. C: Dispersal: paraphyletic relationship of right bank haplotypes relative to left bank ones due to one episode of crossriver transfer. See text for further explanation.
Fig. 159 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 159. Karyotypes of three specimens of Proechimys: A, a male Proechimys goeldii; USNM 549573; 2n=24, FN=42; 52 km S Altamira, Rio Xingu, Para´, Brazil. B, A male Proechimys quadruplicatus; MVZ 157860; 2n=28, FN=42; La Poza, Río Santiago, Amazonas, Peru´. And, C, A female Proechimys quadruplicatus; JLP 16794; 2n=28, FN=42; Lago Meduiním, left bank Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil.
Fig. 143 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 143. Karyotypes of four specimens of Proechimys: A, a male Proechimys brevicauda; MNFS 1079; 2n = 28, NF = 48; Igarapé Porongaba (locality 1), right bank Rio Jurua´, Acre, Brazil. B, a male Proechimys cuvieri; JUR 238; 2n = 28, FN = 50; right bank Nova Vida (locality 3), Rio Jurua´, Acre Brazil. C, a female Proechimys cuvieri; LHE 538; 2n = 28, FN = 48; 52 km S of Altamira, Rio Xingu Para´, Brazil. D, a male Proechimys cuvieri; LPC 165; 2n = 28, FN = 46; Macaco, left bank Rio Jau´ Amazonas, Brazil.
Fig. 130 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 130. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull of Mesomys hispidus (JLP 15678, locality 6). Magnification = Χ2.
Fig. 129 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 129. Karyotypes of sympatric A, M. occultus (2n = 42, FN = 54; JUR 567 male) and B, M. hispidus (2n = 60, FN = 116; JUR 540, male).
Fig. 128 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 128. Occlusal surfaces of the right upper toothrows of sympatric A, M. occultus (JUR 502) and BC, M. hispidus (JUR 533 and JUR 453), all from locality 14.
Fig. 127 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 127. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral views of the skull of the holotype of Mesomys occultus (INPA 2690, locality 14). Magnification = Χ2.
Fig. 126 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 126. Lateral views of the terminal portion of the tails of Mesomys hispidus (top: MNFS 569 locality 5) and M. occultus (bottom: MNFS 201, upper Rio Urucu), illustrating differences in degree to which the tail is hairy as well as the length of terminal tuft.
Fig. 124 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 124. Map of the distribution of Mesomys in greater Amazonia (from Emmons and Feer, 1997) Localities from which individual specimens have been examined for sequence of the mtDNA cytochromeb gene are indicated; those from localities outside of the Rio Juruá are lettered, and all localities are listed in table 55. Solid circles indicate localities of M. hispidus, the open circle that of M. stimulax and the open box identifies the two localities from which the new species described herein was found Localities are grouped geographically according to the reciprocally monophyletic clades identified in the tree, fig. 127.
Fig. 122 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 122. Dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom) views of the cranium of Makalata macrura from the Rio Juruá (MNFS 1717, locality 14). Natural size.
Fig. 118 in Mammals Of The Rio Juruá And The Evolutionary And Ecological Diversification Of Amazonia
Fig. 118. Dorsal (top) and ventral (bottom) views of the skull of an adult Isothrix bistriata (MNFS 1188, locality 2). Natural size.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.