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113 results for “field distribution”
Dataset of ``Plasma Distribution Solver: A Model for Field-Aligned Plasma Profiles Based on Spatial Variation of Velocity Distribution Functions"
<p>This dataset contains the plasma distribution data in the Jupiter–Io system, calculated from the Plasma Distribution Solver and used for figures in the paper “Plasma Distribution Solver: A model for field-aligned plasma profiles based on spatial variation of velocity distribution functions” by K. Saito et al. (2023).</p> <p> </p> <p>The contents of files ‘all_Case_1.csv’ and ‘all_Case_2.csv’ are as follows:</p> <ul> <li>Position along the magnetic field line (0 at the magnetic equator) [m] (column 1)</li> <li>Distance from the Jovian center [km] (column 2)</li> <li>Magnetic latitude [rad]([degree]) (column 3(4))</li> <li>Magnetic flux density [T] (column 5)</li> <li>The initial condition of electrostatic potential [V] (column 6)</li> <li>The result of electrostatic potential [V] (column 7)</li> <li>Number density profiles [m<sup>-3</sup>] (columns 8-17)</li> <li>Charge density profiles obtained from the integration of velocity distribution functions [C m<sup>-3</sup>] (column 18)</li> <li>Charge density profiles obtained from Poisson’s equation [C m<sup>-3</sup>] (column 19)</li> <li>Convergence value (column 20)</li> <li>Particle flux density [m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>] (columns 21-30)</li> <li>Mean flow velocity parallel to the field line [m s<sup>-1</sup>] (columns 31-40)</li> <li>Plasma pressure perpendicular to the field line [Pa] (columns 41-50)</li> <li>Plasma pressure parallel to the field line [Pa] (columns 51-60)</li> <li>Plasma dynamic pressure [Pa] (columns 61-70)</li> <li>Perpendicular temperature [J] (columns 71-80)</li> <li>Parallel temperature [J] (columns 81-90)</li> <li>Alfvén speed considering the displacement current term in Ampère’s law [m s<sup>-1</sup>] (column 91)</li> <li>Alfvén speed per the speed of light (column 92)</li> <li>Ion inertial length using averaged mass [m] (column 93)</li> <li>Electron inertial length [m] (column 94)</li> <li>Ion Larmor radius using averaged mass [m] (column 95)</li> <li>Ion acoustic gyroradius using averaged mass [m] (column 96)</li> <li>Electron Larmor radius [m] (column 97)</li> <li>Current density [A m<sup>-2</sup>] (column 98)</li> </ul> <p>The Python codes ‘plot_all.py,’ ‘plot_plasma_beta_comparison.py,’ and ‘plot_Alfven_speed_comparison.py’ can plot Figures 5, 6, 7, and 9 of the paper using the above CSV files.</p> <p> </p> <p>The files ‘boundary_conditions_Case_1.csv’ and ‘boundary_conditions_Case_2.csv’ contain the boundary conditions for Cases 1 and 2.</p> <p> </p> <p>The zip files ‘probability_density_function_Case_1_H_Io.zip’ and ‘probability_density_function_Case_1_H_Jupiter_North.zip’ are zipped CSV files with the same name. The contents of these files are as follows:</p> <ul> <li>Magnetic latitude [degree] (column 1)</li> <li>Perpendicular velocity at the particle position [m s<sup>-1</sup>] (column 2)</li> <li>Parallel velocity at the particle position [m s<sup>-1</sup>] (column 3)</li> <li>Perpendicular velocity at the boundary [m s<sup>-1</sup>] (column 4)</li> <li>Parallel velocity at the boundary [m s<sup>-1</sup>] (column 5)</li> <li>Probability density function [s<sup>3</sup> m<sup>-3</sup>] (column 6)</li> <li>Differential flux per number density [cm<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> sr<sup>-1</sup> keV<sup>-1</sup>] (column 7)</li> </ul> <p>The Python code ‘plot_velocity_distribution_function.py’ can plot Figure 8 of the paper using this CSV file.</p>
Data from: Mapping ferroelectric fields reveals the origins of the coercivity distribution
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
e052 Field B Microplot Arthropod Sweepnet Sampling:Interactive Effects of Fertility and Distribution on Plant Community Diversity and Structure
There are four levels of nitrogen, corresponding to treatments A, C, F and G in E001, applied at the same time as in that experiment. For a description of fertilizer added to E052, see file fertilization details. There are four levels of soil disturbance designated 1, 2, 3 and 4. Level 1: undisturbed Level 2: 1 pass with a 7 HP Honda rear-tined rototiller with the elevator set to till to a depth of 9 inches Level 3: 2 passes or however many required to produce about 50% bare ground Level 4: 3 passes or however many required to produce 100% bare ground. This requires 3 passes in some plots but 5 or 6 in others. In addition, all woody vegetation not destroyed by tilling is cut at the base. Rototilling is applied in late April. Each fertilization treatment receives each disturbance treatment, for a total of sixteen treatments. There are four replicates of each of the sixteen treatments. In addition, the four extreme ends (lowest N, lowest disturbance; highest N, lowest disturbance, etc. ) are replicated an additional ten times. Treatments are applied in a completely randomized design. Each of the 104 plots is 5m x 5m. Measurements taken at E052 will include: 1) species abundances, 2) community biomass allocation to leaves/roots/stems/flowers, 3) above and below ground net primary production and 4) rates of nitrogen mineralization. For a list of treatments, see the treatment layouts in file trmte52. The plots in E052 are enclosed by a fence to exclude mammalian herbivores. Galvanized welded-wire hardware cloth with 6mm x 6mm openings was buried to a depth of 50cm. Additional hardware cloth extends 60cm above the ground and poultry netting extends to 2m above the ground. In 1990, ten plots of each of four treatments (N1D1, N1D4, N4D1, N4D4, where N is the level of nitrogen added and D is the disturbance treatment) were randomly selected for the competition experiment. The above and belowground effects of neighbors on transplanted grass seedlings were measured using three
Data for "The Origin of the Bimodal Distribution of Magnetic Fields in Early-type Stars"
<p>Accompanying data and inlists for Jermyn & Cantiello 2020 (ApJ). Models have been computed using MESA revision 11701. A Jupyter notebook is provided to reproduce the figures in the main text. </p>
Data from: Field measurements give biased estimates of functional response parameters, but help explain foraging distributions
1. Mechanistic insights and predictive understanding of the spatial distributions of foragers are typically derived by fitting either field measurements on intake rates and food abundance, or observations from controlled experiments, to functional response models. It has remained unclear, however, whether and why one approach should be favoured above the other, as direct comparative studies are rare. 2. The field measurements required to parameterize either single or multi-species functional response models are relatively easy to obtain, except at sites with low food densities and at places with high food densities, as the former will be avoided and the second will be rare. Also, in foragers facing a digestive bottleneck, intake rates (calculated over total time) will be constant over a wide range of food densities. In addition, interference effects may further depress intake rates. All of this hinders the appropriate estimation of parameters such as the 'instantaneous area of discovery' and the handling time, using a type II functional response model also known as 'Holling's disc equation'. 3. Here we compare field- and controlled experimental measurements of intake rate as a function of food abundance in female bar-tailed godwits Limosa lapponica feeding on lugworms Arenicola marina. 4. We show that a fit of the type II functional response model to field measurements predicts lower intake rates (about 2.5 times), longer handling times (about 4 times) and lower 'instantaneous areas of discovery' (about 30 to 70 times), compared with measurements from controlled experimental conditions. 5. In agreement with the assumptions of Holling's disc equation, under controlled experimental settings both the instantaneous area of discovery and handling time remained constant with an increase in food density. The field data, however, would lead us to conclude that although handling time remains constant, the instantaneous area of discovery decreased with increasing prey densities. This will result into highly underestimated sensory capacities when using field data. 6. Our results demonstrate that the elucidation of the fundamental mechanisms behind prey detection and prey processing capacities of a species necessitates measurements of functional response functions under the whole range of prey densities on solitary feeding individuals, which is only possible under controlled conditions. Field measurements yield 'consistency tests' of the distributional patterns in a specific ecological context.
Data from: A metagenetics approach to determine the diversity and distribution of cyst nematodes at the level of the country, the field and the individual
Distinct populations of the potato cyst nematode (PCN) Globodera pallida exist in the UK that differ in their ability to overcome various sources of resistance. An efficient method for distinguishing between populations would enable pathogen-informed cultivar choice in the field. Science and Advice for Scottish Agriculture (SASA) annually undertake national DNA diagnostic tests to determine the presence of PCN in potato seed and ware land by extracting DNA from soil floats. These DNA samples provide a unique resource for monitoring the distribution of PCN and further interrogation of the diversity within species. We identify a region of mitochondrial DNA descriptive of three main groups of G. pallida present in the UK, and adopt a metagenetics approach to the sequencing and analysis of all SASA samples simultaneously. Using this approach we describe the distribution of G. pallida mitotypes across Scotland with field-scale resolution. Most fields contain a single mitotype, one fifth contain a mix of mitotypes, and less than 3 % contain all three mitotypes. Within mixed fields we were able to quantify the relative abundance of each mitotype across an order of magnitude. Local areas within mixed fields are dominated by certain mitotypes and indicate towards a complex underlying "pathoscape". Finally, we assess mitotype distribution at the level of the individual cyst, and provide evidence of "hybrids". This study provides a method for accurate, quantitative and high throughput typing of up to one thousand fields simultaneously, while revealing novel insights into the national genetic variability of an economically important plant-parasite.
A field-validated ensemble species distribution model of Eriogonum pelinophilum, an endangered subshrub in Colorado, USA
<p>Understanding the suitable habitat of endangered species is crucial for agencies such as the Bureau of Land Management to plan management and conservation. However, few species distribution models are directly validated, potentially limiting their application. In preparation for a Species Status Assessment of clay‐loving wild buckwheat (<em>Eriogonum pelinophilum</em>), an endangered subshrub found in southwest Colorado, we ran a series of species distribution models to estimate the species' potential occupied habitat and validated these models in the field. A 1‐meter resolution digital elevation model derived from LiDAR and a high‐resolution geology mapping helped identify biologically relevant characteristics of the species' habitat. We employed a weighted ensemble model based on two Random Forest and one Boosted Regression Tree model, and the discrimination performance of the ensemble model was high (AUC-PR = 0.793). We then conducted a systematic field survey of model habitat suitability predictions, during which we discovered 55 new subpopulations of the species and demonstrated that new species observations were strongly associated with model predictions (p < .0001, Cliff's delta = 0.575). We then further refined our original models by incorporating the additional species occurrences collected in the field survey, a new explanatory variable, and a more diverse set of models. These iterative changes to the model marginally improved performance (AUC‐PR = 0.825). Direct validation of species distribution models is extremely rare, and our field survey provides strong validation of our model results. This helps increase confidence in utilizing predictions in planning. The final model predictions greatly improve the Bureau of Land Management's understanding of the species' habitat and increase our ability to consider potential habitat in planning land use activities such as road development and travel management.</p>
Data of "Modulating Electric Field Distribution by Alkali Cations for CO2 Electroreduction in Strongly Acidic Medium"
<p>Data of the paper "Modulating Electric Field Distribution by Alkali Cations for CO2 Electroreduction in Strongly Acidic Medium"</p>
Supporting data for "The Initial Magnetic Field Distribution in AB Stars"
<p>These are the inlist and run_star_extras required to reproduce the results of 'The Initial Magnetic Field Distribution in AB Stars', originally used with MESA r15140. The history output files are also included.</p>
Distribution. Lowland forests of W Brazil, E Peru, and N Bolivia, S of the Amazon River. Because of abundance of individuals in the C. castanea complex, hampering precise species identification in the field and in collections, a detailed assessment ofits distribution is still needed. in Phyllostomidae
Distribution. Lowland forests of W Brazil, E Peru, and N Bolivia, S of the Amazon River. Because of abundance of individuals in the C. castanea complex, hampering precise species identification in the field and in collections, a detailed assessment ofits distribution is still needed.
Subspecies and Distribution. C.i.intermediusMerriam,1889—SWUSAandNMexico(SonoranDesertofWArizonaacrossSArizonaandNSonora,ChihuahuanDesertofC&SNewMexico,WTexas,andNChihuahua). C.i.aterDice,1929—SWUSA(restrictedtotheCarrizozolavafieldofSCNewMexico). C.i.beardiWeckerly,Gennaro&Best,1988—SWUSA(restrictedtothePedroArm-endarizlavafieldofSNewMexico). C.i.eninitusBenson,1934—SWUSA(SCUtahandNArizona). C.i.lithophilusHuey,1937NWMexico(NWSonora). C.i.minimusBurt,1932—NWMexico(Turner[=Datil]I,GulfofCalifornia,Sonora). C.i.phasmaGoldman,1918—SWUSAandNWMexico(restricteddistributioninextremeSWArizonaandextremeNWSonora). C. i. rupestris Benson, 1932 — SW USA (restricted to the Afton lava field of S New Mexico). in Heteromyidae
Subspecies and Distribution. C.i.intermediusMerriam,1889—SWUSAandNMexico(SonoranDesertofWArizonaacrossSArizonaandNSonora,ChihuahuanDesertofC&SNewMexico,WTexas,andNChihuahua). C.i.aterDice,1929—SWUSA(restrictedtotheCarrizozolavafieldofSCNewMexico). C.i.beardiWeckerly,Gennaro&Best,1988—SWUSA(restrictedtothePedroArm-endarizlavafieldofSNewMexico). C.i.eninitusBenson,1934—SWUSA(SCUtahandNArizona). C.i.lithophilusHuey,1937NWMexico(NWSonora). C.i.minimusBurt,1932—NWMexico(Turner[=Datil]I,GulfofCalifornia,Sonora). C.i.phasmaGoldman,1918—SWUSAandNWMexico(restricteddistributioninextremeSWArizonaandextremeNWSonora). C. i. rupestris Benson, 1932 — SW USA (restricted to the Afton lava field of S New Mexico).
Distribution. NW coastal Madagascar, restricted to the Sahamalaza Peninsula and the adjacent mainland; the biogeography of this area and the distribution pattern of the sympatric Blue-eyed Black Lemur (Eulemurflavifrons) make it likely that the boundaries of the range of the Sahamalaza Sportive Lemur are the Andranomalaza River in the N and the Maevarano Riverin the S. Field studies to determine the full extent of the distribution and that of neighboring Mittermeier's Sportive Lemur (L. mittermeiert) are underway. in Lepilemuridae
Distribution. NW coastal Madagascar, restricted to the Sahamalaza Peninsula and the adjacent mainland; the biogeography of this area and the distribution pattern of the sympatric Blue-eyed Black Lemur (Eulemurflavifrons) make it likely that the boundaries of the range of the Sahamalaza Sportive Lemur are the Andranomalaza River in the N and the Maevarano Riverin the S. Field studies to determine the full extent of the distribution and that of neighboring Mittermeier's Sportive Lemur (L. mittermeiert) are underway.
Distribution. Restricted to Borneo; probably widespread, although just known from a few scattered localities in N Borneo: Sabah (Kinabalu Park, Crocker Range, and Sepilok), Sarawak (Bakong River, Mulu, and Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary), and Brunei (Belalong). Future field studies in Kalimantan (Indonesia) will likely expand its range. in Soricidae
Distribution. Restricted to Borneo; probably widespread, although just known from a few scattered localities in N Borneo: Sabah (Kinabalu Park, Crocker Range, and Sepilok), Sarawak (Bakong River, Mulu, and Lanjak Entimau Wildlife Sanctuary), and Brunei (Belalong). Future field studies in Kalimantan (Indonesia) will likely expand its range.
Actual and predicted distributions of Adoxotoma and Helpis, triangles: actual distribution from field data, and predicted distribution based upon bioclimatic profile for each genus. Growing shade intensity illustrates likelihood of occurrence. in A new genus and five new species of Astieae (Araneae: Salticidae) from Australia, with remarks on distribution
Actual and predicted distributions of Adoxotoma and Helpis, triangles: actual distribution from field data, and predicted distribution based upon bioclimatic profile for each genus. Growing shade intensity illustrates likelihood of occurrence.
Fig. 1 in The northernmost discovery of Aradus brenskei (Reuter, 1884) (Heteroptera: Aradidae). Considerations on the local distribution and the habitat preferences of this new Belgian species following a nine-months field survey
Fig. 1 Male adult Aradus brenskei, collected by Robin Van Heghe on 4.VII.2020 on a Fomes fomentarius infested poplar cultivar in Erpe-Mere © Theodoor Heijerman.
Fig. 5 in The northernmost discovery of Aradus brenskei (Reuter, 1884) (Heteroptera: Aradidae). Considerations on the local distribution and the habitat preferences of this new Belgian species following a nine-months field survey
Fig. 5. Numbers of exposed individuals during the 20 days observation period at location 01. (Only on three occasions, adults were spotted in the morning. Each time, they had not moved since the evening before. The peak on 3.VI.2020 represents the appearance of seven larvae).
Fig. 20. Nutritional competition with Bolitophagus reticulatus, location 32 in The northernmost discovery of Aradus brenskei (Reuter, 1884) (Heteroptera: Aradidae). Considerations on the local distribution and the habitat preferences of this new Belgian species following a nine-months field survey
Fig. 20. Nutritional competition with Bolitophagus reticulatus, location 32, Erpe-Mere, 25.VII.2020. © Brecht Verkempinck.
Fig. 22. Adult hanging under a fruitbody, location 4 in The northernmost discovery of Aradus brenskei (Reuter, 1884) (Heteroptera: Aradidae). Considerations on the local distribution and the habitat preferences of this new Belgian species following a nine-months field survey
Fig. 22. Adult hanging under a fruitbody, location 4, Lede, 28.V.2020. © Brecht Verkempinck. Fig. 23. Mating, location 4, Lede, 3.VI.2020. © Brecht Verkempinck.
Fig. 2. Location 1 in The northernmost discovery of Aradus brenskei (Reuter, 1884) (Heteroptera: Aradidae). Considerations on the local distribution and the habitat preferences of this new Belgian species following a nine-months field survey
Fig. 2. Location 1, Lede, 21.IV.2019. © Brecht Verkempinck. Fig. 3. Location 1, Lede, 07.V.2020. © Brecht Verkempinck.
Fig. 8 in The northernmost discovery of Aradus brenskei (Reuter, 1884) (Heteroptera: Aradidae). Considerations on the local distribution and the habitat preferences of this new Belgian species following a nine-months field survey
Fig. 8. Post-sunset inspection of habitat structures, Lede, location 44, 17.VIII.2020. © Brecht Verkempinck.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.