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137 results for “fish endemism”
FIGURE 3 in Description of two new Labeo (Labeoninae; Cyprinidae) endemic to the Lulua River in the Democratic Republic of Congo (Kasai ecoregion); a hotspot of fish diversity in the Congo basin
FIGURE 3. Simplified phylogram of subclade K modified after Liyandja et al. (2022) showing placement of L. mbimbii, n. sp., and L. manasseeae, n. sp. (in bold).
FIGURE 9. A in Description of two new Labeo (Labeoninae; Cyprinidae) endemic to the Lulua River in the Democratic Republic of Congo (Kasai ecoregion); a hotspot of fish diversity in the Congo basin
FIGURE 9. A. Labeo luluae, holotype (ANSP 51740). B. Labeo lugubris, holotype (AMNH 12334). Scale bars = 1 cm.
Dominance of endemics in the reef fish assemblages of the Hawaiian Archipelago
<p>Aim: Species ranges provide a valuable foundation for resolving biogeographic regions, evolutionary processes, and extinction risks. To inform conservation priorities, here we develop the first bioregionalization based on reef fish abundance of the Hawaiian Archipelago, which spans nearly 10° of latitude across 2,400 km, including 8 high volcanic islands in the populated main Hawaiian Islands (MHI), and 10 low islands (atolls, shoals, and islets) in the remote northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI)..</p> <p>Location: The Hawaiian Archipelago.</p> <p>Taxon: Fishes (276 taxa).</p> <p>Methods: We compiled 5,316 visual fish surveys at depths of 1-30 m from throughout the Hawaiian Archipelago. Geographic range (km2) for each species was measured as extent of occurrence (EOO) and area of occurrence (AOO). PERMANOVA and PCO were used to investigate drivers of fish assemblage structure. Distance-based multivariate analyses were used to evaluate the relationship between fish assemblage structure and predictor variables including latitude, reef area, temperature, chlorophyll-a, wave-energy, and human population density.</p> <p>Results: Distinct fish assemblages exist in the MHI and NWHI, with two additional faunal breaks driven primarily by endemic species abundance. Latitude explained 37% of the variability in fish assemblages, with reef area accounting for an additional 9%. EOO showed a significant correlation with latitude. Endemics comprised 52-55% of the numerical abundance at the northern end of the archipelago but only 17% on Hawai'i Island in the extreme south. Maximum size and activity regime (day vs. night) explained the most variation in the abundance of endemics.</p> <p>Main conclusions: The Hawaiian fish assemblages are strongly influenced by endemic species, affirming the archipelago as a biodiversity hotspot of high conservation value. The higher abundance of endemics in the NWHI may represent preadaptation to oceanic (oligotrophic) conditions. Resolution of distinct bioregions across the archipelago provides a better understanding of reef fish macroecology, with implications for management at the archipelago scale.</p>
Fig. 1 in Cytogenetic analysis of Baryancistrus xanthellus (Siluriformes: Loricariidae: Ancistrini), an ornamental fish endemic to the Xingu River, Brazil
Fig. 1. Live photograph of Baryancistrus xanthellus, LIA 1629.
Data from: mapping endemic freshwater fish richness to identify high priority areas for conservation: an ecoregion approach
<p>Freshwater ecosystems are experiencing accelerating global biodiversity loss. Thus, knowing where these unique ecosystems' species richness reaches a peak can facilitate their conservation planning. By hosting more than 290 freshwater fishes, Iran is a major freshwater fish hotspot in the Middle East. Considering the accelerating rate of biodiversity loss, there is an urgent need to identify species rich areas and understanding of the mechanisms driving biodiversity distribution. In this study, we gathered distribution records of all endemic freshwater fishes of Iran (85 species) to develop their richness map and determine the most critical drivers of their richness patterns from an ecoregion approach. We performed a generalized linear model (GLM) with quasi-Poisson distribution to identify contemporary and historical determinants of endemic freshwater fish richness. We also quantified endemic fish similarity among the 15 freshwater ecoregions of Iran. Results showed that endemic freshwater fish richness is highest in the Zagros Mountains while moderate level of richness was observed between Zagros and Alborz Mountains. High, moderate and low richness of endemic freshwater fish match with Upper Tigris & Euphrates, Namak, and Kavir & Lut Deserts ecoregions respectively. Kura - South Caspian Drainages and Caspian Highlands were the most similar ecoregions and Orumiyeh was the most unique ecoregion according to endemic fish presence. Precipitation and precipitation change velocity since the Last Glacial Maximum were the most important predictors of endemic freshwater fish richness. Areas identified to have the highest species richness have high priority for the conservation of freshwater fish in Iran, therefore, should be considered in future protected areas development.</p>
Fig. 7 in Ecophysiological responses to the effect of annual management on an endemic viviparous fish in central plateau of México
Fig. 7. Bimonthly energy expenditure during cycles of mexcalpique nictemeral in San Martin.
Fig. 1. Environmental parameters during a in Ecophysiological responses to the effect of annual management on an endemic viviparous fish in central plateau of México
Fig. 1. Environmental parameters during a hydrological cycle in San Martín Dam.
TABLE 2 in Seeking for gaps in taxonomic descriptions of endemic fishes: a pathway to challenge the Linnean shortfall in a Neotropical basin
<p><b>TABLE 2 |</b> Statistics of the multiple linear regression between the year of description of endemic fish species and altitude and fish body size (Cross-species analysis). P values in bold indicate significant results (p <0.05). SE = Standard error.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th><b>Estimate</b></th><th><b>SE</b></th><th><b>t value</b></th><th><b>p value</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><b>Intercept</b></th><td>1991.44</td><td>2.378</td><td>837,28</td><td><0.001</td></tr><tr><th><b>Altitude</b></th><td>8.03</td><td>2.445</td><td>3.28</td><td><b>0.001</b></td></tr><tr><th><b>Fish body size</b></th><td>-11.05</td><td>2.445</td><td>-4.52</td><td><0.001</td></tr></tbody></table>
TABLE 1 in Seeking for gaps in taxonomic descriptions of endemic fishes: a pathway to challenge the Linnean shortfall in a Neotropical basin
<p><b>TABLE 1 |</b> Statistics of the linear regression between the number of descriptions of endemic fish species and the sampling effort (Cross-sites analysis). P value in bold indicate significant results (p <0.05). SE = Standard error.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th><b>Estimate</b></th><th><b>SE</b></th><th><b>t value</b></th><th><b>p value</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><b>Intercept</b></th><td>-0.22</td><td>0.079</td><td>-2.88</td><td>0.004</td></tr><tr><th><b>Sampling effort</b></th><td>0.29</td><td>0.03</td><td>8.91</td><td><0.001</td></tr></tbody></table>
Data from: mapping endemic freshwater fish richness to identify high priority areas for conservation: an ecoregion approach
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Data from: Endemic fish promote ecological structure in a tropical biodiversity hotspot
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Dominance of endemics in the reef fish assemblages of the Hawaiian Archipelago
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FIGURE 4 in Areas of endemism for Anablepidae (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes): A monophyletic family of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics
FIGURE 4. Consensus areas of endemism (CAs) delimited for Anablepidae by endemicity analysis with grid size of 1.5º.
Data from: Environmental DNA analysis as a non-invasive quantitative tool for reproductive migration of a threatened endemic fish in rivers
Quantitative information regarding reproduction is essential for conserving endangered animals; however, some conventional quantitative methods can be damaging to the target population and their habitats. In the present study, the reproductive migration of a threatened endemic fish, three-lips (Opsariichthys uncirostris uncirostris), was non-invasively monitored by quantitative PCR of species-specific environmental DNA (eDNA), the usefulness of which has been under-studied. Water sampling and from-shore visual inspection were performed weekly along a tributary of Lake Biwa (Japan), where adult fish seasonally migrate upstream to reproduce as well as at lake sites near the river mouth. Species-specific eDNA was collected at all locations at times when the fish were visually observed and at certain sites where the fish were not observed. Log-transformed individual counts from visual inspection were positively correlated with log-transformed eDNA concentration in the river sites, indicating that eDNA analysis can be a reliable quantitative tool for fish abundance in rivers. Furthermore, distance from the lake did not influence eDNA concentration, suggesting that eDNA transport by river flow had a negligible effect on eDNA quantification. eDNA concentration and individual counts both gradually increased from May–July, then both decreased in August. Importantly, eDNA analysis showed that the fish occupied more habitats in the peak reproductive season and stayed for longer time at any given site. An additional underwater survey confirmed unexpected eDNA detections as true positives. eDNA analysis has great potential to quantitatively monitor reproductive fish migrations under certain conditions.
Data from: "De novo assembled transcriptome of organs involved in reproduction in an endangered endemic Iberian cyprinid fish (Squalius pyrenaicus)" in Genomic Resources Notes Accepted 1 June 2015 to 31 July 2015
Sex determination systems are diverse, especially among fish, and include genetic and/or environmental components. Unexpectedly for such a basic aspect of development, sex determination systems change rapidly during evolution and gonadal fate is not ultimate, being actively maintained lifelong. Here, sequences of expressed genes involved in maintenance of gonad identity and reproduction processes were obtained through transcriptome assembly of the brain-gonadal axis tissues of a freshwater fish inhabiting highly variable environments, the gonochoristic Iberian fish Squalius pyrenaicus. Through Illumina total RNA-sequencing, male and female transcriptomes of brain and gonad tissues were assembled with Trans-ABySS software and merged to produce a more comprehensive S. pyrenaicus transcriptome. Coding sequences (CDS) predicted by TransDecoder were annotated using blastx. By means of read mapping against the reference transcriptome and CDS datasets, using Bowtie2, the accuracy of read mapping was assessed. This first endemic Iberian cyprinid transcriptome of organs involved in reproduction processes may serve as a valuable genomic resource for studying sexual mechanisms and other aspects of evolution, such as speciation and responses to environmental changes, and may be a useful tool for conservation studies since S. pyrenaicus is an endangered species.
Data from: Speciation and the latitudinal diversity gradient: insights from the global distribution of endemic fish
The nearly universal pattern that species richness increases from the poles to the equator (the latitudinal diversity gradient [LDG]) has been of intense interest since its discovery by early natural-history explorers. Among the many hypotheses proposed to explain the LDG, latitudinal variation in (1) productivity, (2) time and area available for diversification, and (3) speciation and/or extinction rates have recently received the most attention. Because tropical regions are older and were formerly more widespread, these factors are often intertwined, hampering efforts to distinguish their relative contributions to the LDG. Here we examine the global distribution of endemic lake fishes to determine how lake age, area, and latitude each affect the probability of speciation and the extent of diversification occurring within a lake. We analyzed the distribution of endemic fishes worldwide (1,933 species and subspecies from 47 families in 2,746 lakes) and find that the probability of a lake containing an endemic species and the total number of endemics per lake increase with lake age and area and decrease with latitude. Moreover, the geographic locations of endemics in 34 of 41 families are found at lower latitudes than those of nonendemics. We propose that the greater diversification of fish at low latitudes may be driven in part by ecological opportunities promoted by tropical climates and by the coevolution of species interactions.
F I G U R E 3 in Comparative larval ontogeny of two fish species (Characiformes and Siluriformes) endemic to the S ao Francisco River in Brazil
F I G U R E 3 Photomicrographs of longitudinal sections of larval (a), (c), (e) Prochilodus argenteus and (b), (d), (f) Lophiosilurus alexandri: (a), (b) 1 day post hatch (dph) showing eye (E), pigmented retina (), mouth opening (), oropharyngeal cavity (OC) and yolk sac (YS); (c), (d) 7 dph: eye (E), pigmented retina (), crystalline () and oropharyngeal cavity (OC); (e), (f) 14 dph: eye (E), pigmented retina (), crystalline ()
F I G U R E 2 in Comparative larval ontogeny of two fish species (Characiformes and Siluriformes) endemic to the S ao Francisco River in Brazil
F I G U R E 2 Photomicrographs of longitudinal sections of larval (a), (c), (e) Prochilodus argenteus and (b), (d), (f) Lophiosilurus alexandri: (a), (b) 14 days post hatch (dph) showing the oropharyngeal cavity (OC), oesophagus region (), nervous system (NS), gills (BR) and operculum (); (c), (d) stomach (ST), intestine (INT), hepatopencreas (), heart (HR), swim bladder (SB), cranial portion of kidney () and caudal portion of kidney (); (e), (f) swim bladder (SB), intestine (INT), stomach (ST), cranial portion of kidney () and caudal portion of kidney ()
F I G U R E 5 in Comparative larval ontogeny of two fish species (Characiformes and Siluriformes) endemic to the S ao Francisco River in Brazil
F I G U R E 5 Photomicrographs of longitudinal sections of larval (a), (c), (e), (f) Prochilodus argenteus and (b), (d), (g), (h) Lophiosilurus alexandri: (B, D, G, H): (a), (b) 1 day post hatch (dph) showing presence of primordial germ cells (), primitive digestive tube (DT) and primitive kidney (K); (c), (d) 39 dph cross-sectional cut of post-larvae indicating presence of gonadal primordium (GP), primordial germ cell (), melanocytes () and kidney (K); (e)–(h) larger magnification of images (a)–(d), respectively, indicating primordial germ cells () and somatic cells ()
F I G U R E 1 in Comparative larval ontogeny of two fish species (Characiformes and Siluriformes) endemic to the S ao Francisco River in Brazil
F I G U R E 1 Photomicrographs of longitudinal sections of larval (a), (c), (e) Prochilodus argenteus and (b), (d), (f) Lophiosilurus alexandri: a, (b) 0 days post hatch (dph) showing mouth () closed in (a) and open in (b), with yolk sac (YS), nervous system (NS), primitive digestive tube (); (c), (d) 4 and 10 dph, respectively, showing vestige of yolk sac (), swim bladder (SB), hepatopancreas (HP) and intestine (); (e), (f) 7 dph showing oropharyngeal cavity (OC), oesophagus (), stomach (ST), intestine (INT) and swim bladder (SB)
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