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68 results for “fitness differences”
Data from: Fitness benefits to bacteria of carrying prophages and prophage-encoded antibiotic-resistance genes peak in different environments
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Data from: The modulating role of group stability on fitness effects of group size is different in females and males of a communally rearing rodent
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Data from: Importance of infection of haemosporidia blood parasites during different life history stages for long-term reproductive fitness of collared flycatchers
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Data from: Heritable differences in fitness-related traits among populations of the mustard hill coral, Porites astreoides
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Fitness consequences of seasonally different life histories? A match-mismatch experiment
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Data from: Consistency pays: sex differences and fitness consequences of behavioural specialisation in a wide ranging seabird
Specialists and generalists often coexist within a single population, but the biological drivers of individual strategies are not fully resolved. When sexes differ in their foraging strategy, this can lead them to different environmental conditions and stability across their habitat range. As such, sexual segregation, combined with dominance, may lead to varying levels of specialization between the sexes. Here, we examine spatial and temporal niche width (intraindividual variability in aspects of foraging behaviour) of male and female black-browed albatrosses (Thalassarche melanophrys), and its consequences for fitness. We show that females, where maximum foraging range is under fluctuating selection, exhibit more variable behaviours and appear more generalist than males, who are under directional selection to forage close to the colony. However within each sex, successful birds had a much narrower niche width across most behaviours, suggesting some specialization is adaptive in both sexes. These results demonstrate that while there are sex differences in niche width, the fitness benefit of specialization in spatial distribution is strong in this wide-ranging seabird.
Data from: Sex-differences in nutrient intake can reduce the potential for sexual conflict over fitness maximisation by female and male crickets
As females and males have different roles in reproduction, they are expected to require different nutrients for the expression of reproductive traits. However, due to their shared genome, both sexes may be constrained in the regulation of nutrient intake that maximises sex specific fitness. Here, we used the Geometric Framework for nutrition to examine the effect of macronutrient and micronutrient intakes on lifespan, fecundity, and cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) that signal mate quality to prospective mates in female field crickets, Teleogryllus oceanicus. In addition, we contrasted nutritional effects on life-history traits between males and females to determine how sex differences influence nutrient regulation. We found that carbohydrate intake maximised female lifespan and protein intake influenced CHC expression, while early life fecundity (cumulative fecundity at Day 21) and lifetime fecundity were dependent on both macronutrient and micronutrient intakes. Fecundity required different nutrient blends to those required to optimise sperm viability in males, generating the potential for sexual conflict over macronutrient intake. The regulation of protein (P) and carbohydrate (C) intakes by virgin and mated females initially matched that of males, but females adjusted their intake to a higher P:C ratio, 1P:2C, that maximised fecundity as they aged. This suggests that a sex-specific, age-dependent change in intake target for sexually mature females, regardless of their mating status, adjusts protein consumption in preparation for oviposition. Sex differences in the regulation of nutrient intake to optimise critical reproductive traits in female and male T. oceanicus, provides an example of how sexual conflict over nutrition can shape differences in foraging between the sexes.
Data from: The distribution of mutational fitness effects of phage ϕX174 on different hosts
Adaptation depends greatly on the distribution of mutation fitness effects (DMFE), but the phenotypic expression of mutations is often environment-dependent. The environments of multi-host pathogens are mostly governed by their hosts and therefore measuring the DMFE on multiple hosts can inform on the likelihood of short-term establishment and longer-term adaptation of emerging pathogens. We explored this by measuring the growth rate of 36 mutants of the lytic bacteriophage ϕX174 on two host backgrounds, Escherichia coli (EcC) and Salmonella typhimurium (StGal). The DMFE showed higher mean and variance on EcC than on StGal. Most mutations were either deleterious or neutral on both hosts, but a greater proportion of mutations were deleterious on StGal. We identified two mutations with beneficial fitness effects on EcC that were neutral on StGal. Host-specific differences in fitness were associated with particular functional classes of genes involved in the initial stages of infection in accordance with previous studies of host specificity. Overall, there was a positive correlation between the effects of mutations on each host, suggesting that most new mutations will have general, rather than host-specific fitness effects. We consider these results in light of simple fitness landscape models of adaptation and discuss the relevance of context-dependent DMFE for multi-host pathogens.
Fits and plot data for the paper: "Combined analyses of within-host SARS-CoV-2 viral kinetics and information on past exposures to the virus in a human cohort identifies intrinsic differences of Omicron and Delta variants"
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How a Single Workout Affects Gut Bugs in Women With Different Fitness Levels and Body Types
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06691100. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Data from: Testing for local adaptation in adult male and female fitness among populations evolved under different mate competition regimes
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Data from: The distribution of mutational fitness effects of phage ϕX174 on different hosts
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Data from: The condition dependency of fitness in males and females: the fitness consequences of juvenile diet assessed in environments differing in key adult resources
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Adaptation and correlated fitness responses over two time scales in Drosophila suzukii populations evolving in different environments
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Data from: Sex-differences in nutrient intake can reduce the potential for sexual conflict over fitness maximisation by female and male crickets
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Data from: Consistency pays: sex differences and fitness consequences of behavioural specialisation in a wide ranging seabird
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Genetic variation in parthenogenetic collembolans is associated with differences in fitness and cadmium-induced transcriptome responses
GEO Series GSE34167. Folsomia candida. 8 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Epigenome-wide association study of blood DNA methylation and markers of physical performance indicates subtle differences across levels of cardiovascular fitness
GEO Series GSE305174. Homo sapiens. 366 samples. Type: Methylation profiling by genome tiling array.
Subjective and Audiological Benefit of BONEBRIDGE (BCI602) With Two Different Fitting Strategies
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06039332. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Soft Contact Lens Fitting With Different Sagittal Height
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT05962528. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.