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opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

Floristic composition in three different forest types in western Amazonia

Aim: The latitudinal gradient is considered a first-order biogeographical pattern for most taxonomic groups. Yet, latitudinal changes in plant ecological communities are not always consistent, and this could be related to the physical and biological characteristics of different forest types. In this study, we compare latitudinal changes in floristic diversity (alpha diversity), composition (beta diversity), and dominance across different tropical forest types: floodplain, terra firme, and submontane forests. Location: Western Amazonia (Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia). Taxon: Woody plants. Methods: We inventoried 1,978 species and 31,203 individuals of vascular plants with a diameter at breast height ≥ 2.5 cm in 118 0.1-ha plots over a 1,800-km latitudinal gradient in three different forest types. The relationships between alpha diversity, latitude, and forest type were analysed using generalised linear mixed models (GLMMs). Semi-parametric permutational multivariate analysis of variance was used to investigate the effects of latitude and forest type on beta diversity. Dominant species abundances were correlated with non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination axes to reflect their contributions in shaping changes in beta diversity. Results: Alpha diversity increased towards equatorial latitudes in terra firme and submontane forests but remained relatively constant in floodplains. Beta diversity of all forest types changed with latitude, although less clearly in floodplains. Overall, the abundances of dominant species decreased towards the Equator, though in floodplains they were more homogeneous along the gradient. Main conclusions: Alpha diversity, beta diversity and dominance patterns differed across forest types. In floodplain forests, the flooding regime is a strong predictor of floristic composition, which maintains alpha diversity constant along the latitudinal gradient. However, alpha and beta diversity in unflooded forests increase steadily towards equatorial latitudes. Furthermore, we found fewer dominant species contributing to changes beta diversity in floodplain forests. Shifts in abundance of dominant species over gradients can explain how beta diversity is driven differently per forest type.

publicMar 2020View details →

Data from: Differential patterns of floristic phylogenetic diversity across a post‐glacial landscape

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publicJan 2023View details →

Floristic composition in three different forest types in western Amazonia

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publicMar 2025View details →

Climate change alters the future of natural floristic regions of deep evolutionary origins

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A case study of the effects of wetland restoration on the hydrology, species diversity, species composition and floristic quality of restored wetlands within a Central Florida ranchland, 2003 - ongoing.

In the USA the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) has restored millions of acres of wetlands through its Wetland Reserve Easement (WRE) programs. However few quantitative studies have explored whether WREs have enhanced wetland hydrology and wetland plant communities. Additionally USDA Compatible Use Permits for cattle grazing and other management practices are sometimes issued for WREs but little is known about potential benefits/detriments of such practice on the success of wetland restoration. In this study we tested if hydrological restoration of previously drained species poor pastures increased water depth and hydroperiod. Restoration involved plugging key ditches adding water control structures and a berm. We also tested if hydrological restoration increased plant diversity (alpha and beta) floristic quality (using coefficient of conservatism) and increased the cover of wetland species (using species wetland status). Finally we tested if cattle grazing had an effect on the success of restoration by comparing grazed plots to fenced plots. We studied two conservation easements (a total of 748 acres) located on semi-native pastures in central Florida USA. We monitored vegetation using permanent transects stratified by vegetation type before (2004-2005) and after (2012) the restoration (2008). We assessed wetland hydroperiod using groundwater wells set up in 2003 and located within and outside the boundaries of these two easements.

openCC0Jun 2018View details →

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2020View details →

Floristic monitoring of the 1,324 alignment tree bases of 15 streets in the district of Bercy, Paris, France, from 2009 to 2018

Floristic monitoring of the 1,324 alignment tree bases of 15 streets in the district of Bercy, Paris, France, from 2009 to 2018. Nathalie Machon (CESCO, MNHN-CNRS-Sorbonne-Université) Data collectors : Noëlie Maurel, Marion Noualhaguet, Marion Dubois, Sébastien Julliard, Ambre Zéléla Bouvard, Paul Haenel, Florence Devers, Hélène Beaugeard, Gwendoline Chastel, laure Schneider-Maunoury and Mona Omar Centre d’Ecologie et des Sciences de la Conservation, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, 61 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris, nathalie.machon@mnhn.fr In cities, trees planted along streets host at their base a high number of spontaneous plants. Thus, they may provide shelters and corridors across the urban matrix. From 2009, we monitor urban tree bases in streets of Paris, France. Our objective is to follow the dynamics of these plant communities (Omar et al. 2018, 2019).   Study area and floristic inventories The monitoring was performed in the 12th administrative district of Paris (Postal code: 75012; France; 48°50′26.91″N, 2°23′17.46″E), We monitored the 1,324 tree bases distributed along the 15 streets or avenues which contained at least 30 alignment trees in the district. Tree bases (TB) were for some of them covered by metal grills (grill/soil) to prevent soil compaction to preserve tree roots. The present file gives the list of all wild vascular plant taxa observed in each tree base, in May or June, each year from 2009 to 2018 except in 2013 because of a lack of observers. The taxonomic reference is the French Flora Reference TAXREF v8.0 (Gargominy et al., 2016).

Fig. 4 in New scale insects (Homoptera: Coccinea) from the Cape Floristic Region

Fig. 4. Cryptinglisia millari Gavrilov-Zimin sp. nov., adult female, holotype.

Fig. 5 in New scale insects (Homoptera: Coccinea) from the Cape Floristic Region

Fig. 5. Cryptinglisia millari Gavrilov-Zimin sp. nov., adult females in life.

Fig. 2 in New scale insects (Homoptera: Coccinea) from the Cape Floristic Region

Fig. 2. Coccidohystrix daedalea Gavrilov-Zimin sp. nov., adult female, holotype.

Fig. 3 in New scale insects (Homoptera: Coccinea) from the Cape Floristic Region

Fig. 3. Mirococcopsis ptilura Gavrilov-Zimin sp. nov., adult female (holotype) and primolarva (L1).

opencc-zeroFeb 2021View details →

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Leaf margins in a deciduous lineage from the Greater Cape Floristic Region track climate in unexpected directions

Premise of the study: The functional significance of leaf margins has long been debated. In this study we explore influences of climate, leaf lobing, woodiness, and shared evolutionary history on two leaf margin traits within the genus Pelargonium. Methods: Leaves from 454 populations of Pelargonium (161 species) were collected in the Greater Cape Floristic Region and scored for tooth presence/absence and degree of lobing. Tooth density (number of teeth per interior perimeter distance) was measured for a subset of these. We compared five hypotheses to explain tooth presence and density using mixed effect models. Key results: Tooth presence/absence was best predicted by the interaction of leaf lobing and mean annual temperature (MAT), but often in patterns opposite to the previous literature: species were more likely to be toothed with warmer temperatures. This was particularly the case for unlobed and highly lobed leaves. In contrast, tooth density was best predicted by the interaction of MAT and the season of most rain; density declines with temperature as consistent with expectations, but only in winter- rain dominated areas. Woody and non-woody species within Pelargonium both have similar associations between tooth presence/absence and MAT, contrary to the expectation that patterns within non-woody species would be insignificant. Conclusions: We conclude Pelargonium leaf margins show predictable responses to climate, but these responses are complex and can contradict those found for global patterns across plant communities.

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Data for: Floristic changes following the chestnut blight may be delayed for decades

A survey conducted in the 1920s, prior to the chestnut blight, indicated that chestnuts and oaks were codominant canopy species in White Oak Canyon, Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. A second survey in 1977 suggested that chestnuts were being replaced by tree species present before the blight, particularly oaks. In 2021, we resurveyed the 10 sites included in our 1977 survey and also recorded canopy and understory trees that grew above remnant chestnut sprouts. The canopy changed more substantially during the second interval (since 1977). Birch and maples were now more abundant and species less tolerant of shade were generally better represented in the canopy. Hemlock declined, and oaks were less common in the canopy. Chestnut sprouts have become much less common since 1977, presumably as repeated cycles of diebacks have weakened rootstocks. Those sites where chestnut sprouts have persisted until 2021 differed from neighboring sites without them. Chestnut sprouts were rare in sites with birch and hemlock; chestnut has persisted in locations with red oaks in the canopy and with few other understory competitors. This survey has been conducted over a longer time interval than previous studies that asked similar questions and our results suggest that changes to the forest composition following the loss of the American chestnut may be greater than previously recognized although the relative contribution of losing this codominant species is unclear.

opencc-zeroJan 2024View details →

opencc-by-4.0May 2015View details →

Fig. 3 in Floristic analyses of the Corsican flora: biogeographical origin and endemism

Fig. 3. – Relative proportion of life forms in each endemic element.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2013View details →

Fig. 1 in Floristic traits and biogeographic characterization of the Gennargentu massif (Sardinia)

Fig. 1. – Study area in Sardinia.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2013View details →

Fig. 3 in Floristic traits and biogeographic characterization of the Gennargentu massif (Sardinia)

Fig. 3. – Percentages of the chorologic units, referred to the whole flora.

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Data from: A millennium of climatic and floristic dynamics in the Eastern Cordillera of the Colombian Andes

The transition from the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA, 950-1250 CE) to the Little Ice Age (LIA, 1350 to 1800 CE) is the largest pre-industrial climate shift within the last two millennia, offering an opportunity to study how vegetation responds to rapid climate change. We analyzed a sedimentary record from the Colombian Andes to reconstruct regional vegetation dynamics during this time interval, identify the modern environmental distribution of taxa present in the fossil record, and provide a reference for modern regional temperature change. A sediment core was analyzed for organic geochemistry and pollen to reconstruct environmental and vegetation variability between 800 and 1800 CE. Modern occurrences of individuals of the genera found in the fossil record were used to model the distribution of taxa across gradients of mean annual temperature and precipitation. These models were used to reconstruct temperature and precipitation across time and evaluate the probability of occurrence of taxa from the fossil record across the contemporary landscape. Reconstructed regional vegetation dynamics were highly coupled with global temperature patterns. Reconstructed climate showed that conditions were warm and dry during the MCA, and cold and relatively wet during the LIA, although quantitative estimations might have been amplified by human disturbances. Rates of temperature change during the MCA-LIA transition were substantially lower than those calculated for the last two decades. Vegetation turnover between 800 and 1800 CE resembled those expressed through a transect extending ~30 km southeast from the lake. Around lake Tota, modern rates of temperature change have no precedent within the last two millennia. The modern environmental affinities of taxa involved in vegetation turnover during the MCA-LIA transition point to the importance of landscape diversity and connectivity for rapid vegetation response to climate change.

opencc-zeroFeb 2022View details →