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135 results for “forest biome”
Data from: Geographic population structure of the African malaria vector Anopheles gambiae suggests a role for the forest-savannah biome transition as a barrier to gene flow
The primary Afrotropical malaria mosquito vector Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto has a complex population structure. In western Africa, this species is split into two molecular forms and displays local and regional variation in chromosomal arrangements and behaviours. To investigate patterns of macro-geographic population substructure, 25 An. gambiae samples from 12 African countries were genotyped at 13 microsatellite loci. This analysis detected the presence of additional population structuring, with the M-form being subdivided into distinct west, central and southern African genetic clusters. These clusters are coincident with the central African rainforest belt and northern and southern savannah biomes, which suggests restrictions to gene flow associated with the transition between these biomes. By contrast geographically patterned population substructure appears much weaker within the S-form.
Data from: Co-declining mammal-dung beetle faunas throughout the Atlantic Forest biome of South America
The millennial-scale evolutionary relationships between mammals and dung beetles have been eroded due to several drivers of contemporary biodiversity loss. Although some evidence of co-decline has been shown for mammals and dung beetles at some Neotropical sites, a biome-scale analysis for the entire Atlantic Forest of South America would strengthen our understanding of how relictual sets of mammal species can affect dung beetle co-occurrences and co-declines. We therefore collated hundreds of assemblages of both dung beetles and medium- to large-bodied mammals throughout the world's longest tropical forest latitudinal gradient to examine to what extent mammal assemblages may exert a positive influence on dung beetle species composition and functional assembly, and whether this relationship is scale dependent. We also collated several climatic and other environmental variables to examine the degree to which they shape mammal-dung beetle relationships. The relationships between local mammal and dung beetle faunas were examined using regression models, variation partitioning, dissimilarity indices, and ecological networks. We found a clear positive relationship between mammal and dung beetle species richness across this forest biome, indicating an ongoing process of mammal-dung beetle niche-mediated co-decline. We found a strong relationship between the species composition of both taxa, in which dung beetle species dissimilarity apparently track changes in mammalian dissimilarity, typically in 80% of all cases. Co-variables such as phytomass and climatic variables also influenced mammal-dung beetle patterns of co-decline along the Atlantic Forest. We conclude that dung beetle diversity and community assembly are shaped by the remaining co-occurring mammal assemblages and their functional traits, and both groups were governed by environmental features. We emphasize that ecosystem-wide effects of mammal population declines remain poorly understood both quantitatively and qualitatively, and curbing large vertebrate defaunation will ensure the persistence of co-dependent species.
Data from: A new species of Allophryne (Anura: Allophrynidae) from the Atlantic Rain Forest biome of eastern Brazil
A new species of the genus Allophryne is described and, in contrast to its congeners that occur in the Amazon Basin, is based on specimens obtained in Uruçuca, State of Bahia, in the Atlantic Rain Forest of eastern Brazil. Allophryne relicta sp. nov. is characterized by a medium body size for the genus (snout–vent length range 19.9–21.9 mm in males); large head (head width about 35% of SVL); large, red-orange eyes, with a large black transversal stripe on iris; dorsum covered by few tubercles and many scattered black dots; dorsolateral surfaces cream with dark brown, elongate, anastomosed spots, and venter clear gray with scattered small white tubercles; presence of a line of tubercles on the ventrolateral surface of forearm; advertisement call formed by a multi-pulsed note of 0.509 ± 0.029 s in duration and emitted at intervals of 1.287 ± 0.500 s, with notes composed of 28.58 ± 1.84 pulses at a dominant frequency of 3828 ± 82.28 Hz; call-note emission rate of 34.46 notes/min and pulse emission rate of 56.13 ± 1.25 s. The molecular phylogeny supports the placement of A. relicta sp. nov. as sister taxon of a clade formed by A. resplendens + A. ruthveni.
Data from: Solidago altissima differs with respect to ploidy frequency and clinal variation across the prairie-forest biome border in Minnesota
PREMISE OF THE STUDY: Although our awareness of ploidy diversity has expanded with the application of flow cytometry, we still know little about the extent to which cytotypes within mixed-ploidy populations are genetically differentiated across environmental gradients. METHODS: To address this issue, we reared 14 populations of Solidago altissima spanning the prairie–forest ecotone in Minnesota in a common garden with a watering treatment. We assessed ploidy frequencies and measured survival, flowering phenology, and plant architectural traits for 4 years. KEY RESULTS: All populations harbored multiple cytotypes; prairie populations were dominated by tetraploids, forest populations by hexaploids. Diploids and polyploids differed significantly for 84% of the traits. Beyond average differences, the slope of trait values covaried with latitude and longitude, but this relationship was stronger for diploids than the other two polyploid cytotypes as indicated by numerous ploidy × latitude and ploidy × longitude interactions. For example, the timing of flowering of the cytotypes overlapped in populations sampled from the northeastern hemiboreal forest but differed significantly between cytotypes sampled from populations in the southwestern prairie. The watering treatments had weak effects, and there were no ploidy differences for phenotypic plasticity. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that diploids have diverged genetically to a greater extent than polyploids along the environmental clines sampled in this study. Moreover, different environments favor phenotypic convergence over divergence among cytotypes for some traits. Differences in ploidy frequency and phenotypic divergence among cytotypes across gradients of temperature and precipitation are important considerations for restoration in an age of climate change.
FIGURES 62–67 in First report of geophilid centipedes of the genus Ribautia (Myriapoda: Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha) from the Atlantic Forest biome, with description of a new miniature species from Misiones Province, Northeastern Argentina
FIGURES 62–67. Ribautia paranaensis sp. nov. (male holotype; ARGENTINA: Misiones Province: Puerto Iguazú): (62) Ultimate leg-bearing segment and postpedal segments, ventral. (63) Left cluster of coxal organs, ventral (a: mucous layer, b: outline of lobe). (64) Left cluster of coxal organs, dorsal (a: mucous layer, b: outline of lobe). (65) Claw of left ultimate leg, ventral (a: single internal spine). (66) Left gonopod, ventral. (67) Penis, dorsal. Scale bars: 0.02 mm (65); 0.05 mm (66, 67); 0.1 mm (63, 64); 0.3 mm (62).
FIGURES 57–61 in First report of geophilid centipedes of the genus Ribautia (Myriapoda: Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha) from the Atlantic Forest biome, with description of a new miniature species from Misiones Province, Northeastern Argentina
FIGURES 57–61. Ribautia paranaensis sp. nov. (male holotype; ARGENTINA: Misiones Province: Puerto Iguazú): (57) Left leg (pair 40), ventral. (58) Claw of the left leg (pair 1), posterior-ventral view (a: anterior spine, b: posterior spine). (59) Claw of the left leg (pair 2), ventral view (a: anterior spine, b: posterior spine). (60) Claw of the left leg (pair 20), anterior-ventral view (a: anterior spine, b: posterior spine). (61) Ultimate leg-bearing segment and postpedal segments, dorsal. Scale bars: 0.02 mm (58–60); 0.2 mm (57); 0.3 mm (61).
FIGURES 27–37 in First report of geophilid centipedes of the genus Ribautia (Myriapoda: Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha) from the Atlantic Forest biome, with description of a new miniature species from Misiones Province, Northeastern Argentina
FIGURES 27–37. Ribautia paranaensis sp. nov. (male holotype; ARGENTINA: Misiones Province: Puerto Iguazú): (27) Middle part of anterior border of forcipular coxosternite showing unpigmented denticles, ventral. (28) Detail of unpigmented denticles on middle part of anterior border of forcipular coxosternite. (29) Detail of poison gland (a), calyx (b), and duct (c) of venom apparatus in left forcipular telopodite, ventral. (30) Detail of left forcipular tarsungulum, showing medial ventral edge slightly serrate. (31) Detail of calyx of poison gland in left forcipular telopodite, ventral (a: calyx, b: duct). (32) Detail of calyx of poison gland in right forcipular telopodite, ventral (a: calyx, b: duct). (33) Sternite 2. (34) Sternite 3. (35) Sternite 4. (36) Sternite 5. (37) Sternite 6. Scale bars: 0.01 mm (31, 32); 0.05 mm (30); 0.06 mm (28); 0.1 mm (27); 0.2 mm (29, 33–37).
FIGURES 38–46 in First report of geophilid centipedes of the genus Ribautia (Myriapoda: Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha) from the Atlantic Forest biome, with description of a new miniature species from Misiones Province, Northeastern Argentina
FIGURES 38–46. Ribautia paranaensis sp. nov. (male holotype; ARGENTINA: Misiones Province: Puerto Iguazú): (38) Sternite 7. (39) Sternite 8. (40) Sternite 9. (41) Sternite 10. (42) Sternite 11. (43) Sternite 12. (44) Sternite 13. (45) Sternite 35. (46) Sternite 36. Scale bar: 0.2 mm.
FIGURES 74–79 in First report of geophilid centipedes of the genus Ribautia (Myriapoda: Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha) from the Atlantic Forest biome, with description of a new miniature species from Misiones Province, Northeastern Argentina
FIGURES 74–79. (74–76). Ribautia combinata Pereira, Uliana & Minelli, 2006 (female holotype; PERU: Loreto: Allpahuayo, ca. 30 Km S Iquitos): (74) Detail of process in antero-internal corner of coxosternite, left side of second maxillae, ventral (a: process of coxosternite). (75) Coxal organs, ventral (a: independent opening organ, b: cluster of organs). (76) Right leg (pair 1), postero-ventral view (from Pereira et al., 2006). (77–79). Ribautia jakulicai Pereira, 2007 (male holotype; ARGENTINA: Salta: Orán: ca. 25 Km northwest of Aguas Blancas): (77) Labrum. (78) Detail of process in antero-internal corner of coxosternite, right side of second maxillae, ventral (a: process of coxosternite). (79) Detail of denticles on middle part of anterior border of forcipular coxosternite (modified from Pereira, 2007). Scale bars: 0.05 mm (74, 77, 78); 0.1 mm (75, 76, 79).
FIGURES 1–11 in First report of geophilid centipedes of the genus Ribautia (Myriapoda: Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha) from the Atlantic Forest biome, with description of a new miniature species from Misiones Province, Northeastern Argentina
FIGURES 1–11. Ribautia paranaensis sp. nov. (male holotype; ARGENTINA: Misiones Province: Puerto Iguazú): (1) Right a.a. I–VI, ventral. (2) Right a.a. VII–XIV, ventral. (3) Right a.a. XIV, dorsal (a: claviform sensilla, b: apical specialized sensilla). (4) Right a.a. II, ventral (b: b type sensilla). (5) Right a.a. V, ventral (a, b: a, b type sensilla). (6) Right a.a. IX, ventral (a, b: a, b type sensilla). (7) Right a.a. XIII, ventral (a, b: a, b type sensilla). (8) Right a.a. II, dorsal (a: a type sensilla). (9) Right a.a. V, dorsal (a: a type sensilla). (10) Right a.a. IX, dorsal (a, b: a, b type sensilla). (11) Right a.a. XIII, dorsal (a, b, c: a, b, c type sensilla). Scale bars: 0.05 mm (3–11); 0.2 mm (1, 2).
FIGURES 12–18 in First report of geophilid centipedes of the genus Ribautia (Myriapoda: Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha) from the Atlantic Forest biome, with description of a new miniature species from Misiones Province, Northeastern Argentina
FIGURES 12–18. Ribautia paranaensis sp. nov. (male holotype; ARGENTINA: Misiones Province: Puerto Iguazú): (12) Dorsal view of anterior region of the body, showing cephalic plate, bases of antennae, forcipular segment, and anterior portion of leg-bearing segment 1 (a: vestigial concavity on lateral margins of cephalic plate). (13) Clypeus and bases of antennae (a: vestigial concavity on lateral margins of cephalic plate). (14) Anterior central part of clypeus showing clypeal area. (15) Detail of clypeal area. (16) Labrum. (17) Right side of first maxillae, dorsal. (18) Detail of lappets in right side of first maxillae, dorsal (a: lappet of coxosternite, b: lappet of telopodite, c: sensilla of telopodite). Scale bars: 0.01 mm (15); 0.03 mm (18); 0.05 mm (14, 16); 0.1 mm (17); 0.2 mm (13); 0.3 mm (12).
FIGURE 85 in First report of geophilid centipedes of the genus Ribautia (Myriapoda: Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha) from the Atlantic Forest biome, with description of a new miniature species from Misiones Province, Northeastern Argentina
FIGURE 85. Type locality of Ribautia paranaensis sp. nov., in the Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest ecoregion ("selva paranaense") of the Atlantic Forest complex.
FIGURES 47–56 in First report of geophilid centipedes of the genus Ribautia (Myriapoda: Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha) from the Atlantic Forest biome, with description of a new miniature species from Misiones Province, Northeastern Argentina
FIGURES 47–56. Ribautia paranaensis sp. nov. (male holotype; ARGENTINA: Misiones Province: Puerto Iguazú): (47) Sternite 37. (48) Sternite 38. (49) Sternite 39. (50) Sternite 40. (51) Left leg (pair 1), ventral. (52) Left leg (pair 2), ventral. (53) Left leg (pair 6), ventral. (54) Left leg (pair 10), ventral. (55) Left leg (pair 14), ventral. (56) Left leg (pair 30), ventral. Scale bar: 0.2 mm.
FIGURES 19–26 in First report of geophilid centipedes of the genus Ribautia (Myriapoda: Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha) from the Atlantic Forest biome, with description of a new miniature species from Misiones Province, Northeastern Argentina
FIGURES 19–26. Ribautia paranaensis sp. nov. (male holotype; ARGENTINA: Misiones Province: Puerto Iguazú): (19) First and second maxillae, ventral (a: process of antero-internal corners of coxosternite). (20) Detail of process in antero-internal corner of coxosternite, left side of second maxillae, ventral (a: process of coxosternite). (21) Detail of process in antero-internal corner of coxosternite, left side of second maxillae, dorsal (a: process of coxosternite). (22) Left telopodite of second maxillae, dorsal (a: process of coxosternite). (23) Claw of right telopodite of second maxillae, ventral. (24) Claw of left telopodite of second maxillae, ventral. (25) Claw of left telopodite of second maxillae, dorsal. (26) Forcipular segment, ventral (a: Scale bars: 0.03 mm (20, 21, 23–25), 0.1 mm (22), 0.2 mm (19), 0.3 mm (26).
FIGURES 70–73 in First report of geophilid centipedes of the genus Ribautia (Myriapoda: Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha) from the Atlantic Forest biome, with description of a new miniature species from Misiones Province, Northeastern Argentina
FIGURES 70–73. (70). Ribautia paranaensis sp. nov. (female paratype (C); ARGENTINA: Misiones Province: Puerto Iguazú): Anterior and posterior spermathecae at level of leg-bearing segments 39–42, dorsal (a: spermatozoa, b: outline of spermatheca). (71). Ityphilus bonatoi Pereira, 2013 (female holotype; BRAZIL: RJ: Ilha Grande): Anterior and posterior spermathecae at level of leg-bearing segment 38, dorsal (a: spermatozoa, b: outline of spermathecae) (from Pereira, 2013d). (72). Schendylops ramirezi Pereira, 2013 (female holotype; BRAZIL: RJ: Ilha Grande): Anterior and posterior spermathecae at level of leg-bearing segment 25, ventral (a: spermatozoa, b: outline of spermathecae) (from Pereira, 2013c). (73). Ribautia combinata Pereira, Uliana & Minelli, 2006 (female holotype; PERU: Loreto: Allpahuayo, ca. 30 Km S Iquitos): Labrum (from Pereira et al., 2006). Scale bars: 0.05 mm (73); 0.2 mm (70–72).
FIGURES 80–84 in First report of geophilid centipedes of the genus Ribautia (Myriapoda: Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha) from the Atlantic Forest biome, with description of a new miniature species from Misiones Province, Northeastern Argentina
FIGURES 80–84. (80). Ribautia lewisi Pereira, 2013 (female paratype (M); ARGENTINA: Entre Ríos Province: Concordia Department): Labrum (a: sclerotized process on internal limb of tentorium) (from Pereira, 2013b). (81). Ribautia lewisi Pereira, 2013 (male holotype; ARGENTINA: Entre Ríos Province: Concordia Department): Detail of process in antero-internal corner of coxosternite, right side of second maxillae, ventral (a: process of coxosternite, b: distoectal process of telopodite) (from Pereira, 2013b). (82). Ribautia limaensis Kraus, 1957 (male holotype; PERU: Lomas de Atocongo): Labrum (from Kraus, 1957). (83–84). Ribautia silvana Kraus, 1954 (male holotype; PERU: Hacienda Monteseco (6°50'S 79°10´W)): (83) Labrum. (84) Forcipular segment, ventral (from Pereira et al., 1995). Scale bars: 0.05 mm (80, 81, 83); 0.3 mm (84); no scale available for 82.
FIGURES 68–69 in First report of geophilid centipedes of the genus Ribautia (Myriapoda: Chilopoda: Geophilomorpha) from the Atlantic Forest biome, with description of a new miniature species from Misiones Province, Northeastern Argentina
FIGURES 68–69. Ribautia paranaensis sp. nov. (female paratype (A); ARGENTINA: Misiones Province: Puerto Iguazú): (68) Ultimate leg-bearing segment and postpedal segments, dorsal. (69) Ultimate leg-bearing segment and postpedal segments, ventral. Scale bar: 0.3 mm.
FIGURE 5 in New species of Zygoclistron Rehn, 1905 (Insecta: Orthoptera: Acrididae: Copiocerinae) in the central corridor of the Atlantic Forest biome
FIGURE 5. Key to the males of Zygoclistron (adapted from Carbonell, 1969 and 1973) with Z. roraimae and Z. ruschii Silva n. sp. Z. modestum was not included because only females are known for this species.
FIGURE 4. Zygoclistron ruschii Silva n in New species of Zygoclistron Rehn, 1905 (Insecta: Orthoptera: Acrididae: Copiocerinae) in the central corridor of the Atlantic Forest biome
FIGURE 4. Zygoclistron ruschii Silva n. sp.: (A) Male holotype, habitus; (B) epiproct and cerci, dorsal view; (C) cerci and subgenital plate, lateral view; (D) epiphallus, dorsal view; (E) dorsal valve of aedeagus, lateral view; (F) ectophallus and endophallus, lateral view; (G) ectophallus and endophallus, dorsal view; (H) ovipositor valves, lateral view; (I) female allotype, habitus. Explanation of symbols for plate: an: ancorae; apd: apodeme of cingulum; br: bridge; ea: aedeagus; eap: endophallic apodeme; ep: endophallic plate; rc: rami of cingulum; sl: esclerite of lateral lobe; lp: lophi; os: oval sclerites; v: valves of aedeagus; zc: zygoma of cingulum. Scale bar = 0.5 mm. Scale bar for dorsal valve of aedeagus (E) = 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 3. Zygoclistron ruschii Silva n in New species of Zygoclistron Rehn, 1905 (Insecta: Orthoptera: Acrididae: Copiocerinae) in the central corridor of the Atlantic Forest biome
FIGURE 3. Zygoclistron ruschii Silva n. sp., (A) male and female (B) dorsal view, both pinned and dried. Scale bar = 0.5 cm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.