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49 results for “fossil taxonomy”
Fig. 5 in Fossil freshwater sponges: Taxonomy, geographic distribution, and critical review
Fig. 5. Morphology of gemmuloscleres of Recent freshwater sponges of the order Spongillida. A. Cherokeesia armata Copeland, Pronzato, and Manconi, 2015, Nearctic Region, bean-like to ovoid strongyles. B. Potamophloios stendelli (Jaffé, 1916), Afrotropical Region, elongate to ovular strongyles. C. Oncosclera jewelli (Volkmer-Ribeiro, 1963), Neotropical Region, irregularly ovoid strongyles smooth or covered with short spines and tubercles. D. Corvospongilla loricata (Weltner, 1895), Afrotropical Region, slightly curved, stout, spiny strongyles. E. Sanidastra yokotonensis Volkmer-Ribeiro and Watanabe, 1983, Palaearctic Region, oxeas with 2–9 rays rounded to pointed or tricuspidate at tips. F. Spongilla lacustris (Linnaeus, 1759), NearcticPalaearctic Region, oxeas strongly bent with large spines. G. Pectispongilla aurea Annandale, 1909, Oriental Region, botryoidal gemmuloscleres with smooth shaft with at the apex polygonal concavities of the botryum. H. Anheteromeyenia argyrosperma (Potts, 1880), Nearctic Region, birotules with spiny shafts and circular rotules with crenulated to indented margins. I. Corvomeyenia everetti (Mills, 1884), Nearctic Region, pseudobirotules with straight, smooth shafts and pseudo-rotules at the apex (up to 10 hooks). J. Acalle recurvata (Bowerbank, 1863), Neotropical Region, pseudobirotules with cylindrical shaft and hooks of umbonate pseudorotules stout and notably recurved bearing microspines at their apices. K. Dosilia plumosa (Carter, 1849), Oriental Region, birotules with large spines on the straight shaft and flat to slightly umbonate rotules with margins bearing small blunt, recurved teeth (spines). L. Racekiela ryderi (Potts, 1882), Nearctic-Neotropical-Palaearctic Region, birotules with smooth shafts and large disk-like rotules with serrated margins and scattered spines or tubercles. M. Ephydatia muelleri (Lieberkühn, 1855), Afrotropical-Nearctic-Palaearctic Region, birotules with smooth, short shaft and rotules with indented margins. N. Trochospongilla horrida (Weltner, 1893), Nearctic-Palaearctic Region, birotules with smooth, short shaft and approximately circular rotules with irregularly thickened margins. O. Acalle recurvata (Bowerbank, 1863), Neotropical Region, tubelliform gemmuloscleres with the proximal large irregularly circular flat rotule with entire margin supporting a smooth shaft decreasing in thickness toward the distal end shaped as umbonate knob-like rotule with a few teeth. P. Drulia browni (Bowerbank, 1863), Neotropical Region, parmuliform gemmuloscleres with the single circular proximal rotule, with lower concave surface, supporting a distal short acute conical stem (shaft). SEM images. Modified from Manconi and Pronzato (2001, 2002) and Copeland et al. (2015).
Figure 6 from: Dunlop J, Penney D (2012) Summary statistics for fossil spider species taxonomy. ZooKeys 192: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.192.3093
Figure 6 - Number of fossil spider species described from each geological period. The Paleogene Period has been broken down into its various Epochs (Paleocene, Eocene and Oligocene) in order to show the spread of data; the Neogene Period is represented only by the Miocene Epoch because Pleistocene sub-fossils have not been included.
Figure 5 from: Dunlop J, Penney D (2012) Summary statistics for fossil spider species taxonomy. ZooKeys 192: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.192.3093
Figure 5 - Number of fossil spider species described by different arachnologists. Only first authorship data are considered, so in reality some authors will have described more species than the value indicated.
Figure 2 from: Dunlop J, Penney D (2012) Summary statistics for fossil spider species taxonomy. ZooKeys 192: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.192.3093
Figure 2 - The numbers of described fossil spider species by year. Note that data for the 126 years where no fossil spider species were described are not included. Hence, the actual lull periods between peaks of activity are artificially shortened in this graph. For example, the period between the first described fossil spider in 1822 and the next data plot is actually 32 years. Squares = newly described fossil spider species, triangles = cumulative number of described fossil spider species. Data derived from Dunlop et al. (2012).
Figure 3 from: Dunlop J, Penney D (2012) Summary statistics for fossil spider species taxonomy. ZooKeys 192: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.192.3093
Figure 3 - The cumulative number of newly described extant spider species this century. Data from Platnick (2001–2012). Total number of described extant species = 42,751 (Platnick 2012).
Figure 1 from: Dunlop J, Penney D (2012) Summary statistics for fossil spider species taxonomy. ZooKeys 192: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.192.3093
Figure 1 - The evolutionary tree of spiders (updated from Penney and Selden 2011: data table 4) showing known ranges of spider families based on described fossils and predicted ranges of sister taxa based on their phylogenetic relationships (strictly fossil families inserted in approximate positions as per hypothesized relationships proposed in the literature, but not based on any cladistic analysis). Note that this is a highly dynamic figure, with known ranges and predicted ranges changing frequently as a result of new fossil discoveries, changes in phylogenetic hypotheses, revised dating of various deposits and even potentially through revised dating of geological periods and epochs. Researchers should check Dunlop et al. (currently 2012 and updated every six months) for the most recent data on the oldest fossils of each family and genus.
Data from: The fossil Osmundales (Royal Ferns)—a phylogenetic network analysis, revised taxonomy, and evolutionary classification of anatomically preserved trunks and rhizomes
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Figure 4 from: Dunlop J, Penney D (2012) Summary statistics for fossil spider species taxonomy. ZooKeys 192: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.192.3093
Figure 4 - Number of fossil spider species per family (as currently assigned).
FIGURE 3 in Reconciling diagnostic traits in living and fossil taxa: The taxonomy and evolution of the genus Microceratina (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Cytheruridae)
FIGURE 3. Microceratina martensi Namiotko et al., 2004, valve and carapace morphology, external views (A–D: 'LV-1'; E, F: 'C-4'; G–J: 'RV-6'): A–D—LV; A—general view; B–D—details of primary reticula cells and secondary fossae, and shape of ribs, ridges, pore conuli (A"-type) and LStPC located within shallow alveolar excavations; E, F—carapace in latero-ventral and dorsal view; G–J—RV; G—general view; H—normal pore with sensillum, located on conulus (A"-type); I–J—various combinations of LStPC located within shallow alveolar excavations.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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