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139 results for “fossorial”
Data from: Integrating niche and occupancy models to infer the distribution of an endemic fossorial snake (Atractus lasallei)
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Caecilians maintain a functional long-wavelength-sensitive cone opsin gene despite signatures of relaxed selection and more than 200 million years of fossoriality
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Discrete element models for understanding the biomechanics of fossorial animals
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Data from: Are there general laws for digit evolution in squamates? The loss and re-evolution of digits in a clade of fossorial lizards (Brachymeles, Scincinae)
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How head shape and substrate particle size affect fossorial locomotion in lizards
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Different selection regimes explain morphological evolution in fossorial lizards
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Data from: Weighing homoplasy against alternative scenarios with the help of macroevolutionary modeling: a case study on limb bones of fossorial sciuromorph rodents
Homoplasy is a strong indicator of a phenotypic trait's adaptive significance when it can be linked to a similar function. We assessed homoplasy in functionally relevant scapular and femoral traits of Marmotini and Xerini, two sciuromorph rodent clades that independently acquired a fossorial lifestyle from an arboreal ancestor. We studied 125 species in the scapular dataset and 123 species in the femoral dataset. Pairwise evolutionary model comparison was used to evaluate whether homoplasy of trait optima is more likely than other plausible scenarios. The most likely trend of trait evolution among all traits was assessed via likelihood scoring of all considered models. The homoplasy hypothesis could never be confirmed as the single most likely model. Regarding likelihood scoring, scapular traits most frequently did not differ among Marmotini, Xerini, and arboreal species. For the majority of femoral traits, results indicate that Marmotini, but not Xerini, evolved away from the ancestral arboreal condition. We conclude on the basis of the scapular results that the forelimbs of fossorial and arboreal sciuromorphs share mostly similar functional demands, whereas the results on the femur indicate that the hind limb morphology is less constraint, perhaps depending on the specific fossorial habitat.
FIGURE 3 in A phylogenetic reassessment of African fossorial skinks in the subfamily Acontinae (Squamata: Scincidae): evidence for parallelism and polyphyly
FIGURE 3. The revised acontine taxonomy. Dotted line shows placement of Acontias percivali based on analysis of the mitochondrial dataset.
FIGURE 2 in A phylogenetic reassessment of African fossorial skinks in the subfamily Acontinae (Squamata: Scincidae): evidence for parallelism and polyphyly
FIGURE 2. Majority rule consensus tree for Bayesian analysis of the combined dataset. Mean tree likelihood = -16416. Thickened branches indicate posterior probabilities ≥0.98; bootstrap values (≥70%) for ML and MP (italicized) analyses are placed at nodes. Note the polyphyletic status of the genus Typhlosaurus, whose branches are depicted in gray.
FIGURE 1 in A phylogenetic reassessment of African fossorial skinks in the subfamily Acontinae (Squamata: Scincidae): evidence for parallelism and polyphyly
FIGURE 1. Majority rule consensus trees for Bayesian analyses of the mitochondrial (Cytb, Co1, 16s) and nuclear (Rag1) datasets. Mean tree likelihoods are -10962 (mitochondrial) and -3634 (Rag1). Posterior probabilities ≥0.98 and ML bootstrap values ≥70% (italicized) are adjacent nodes. Topologies are rooted to the three outgroup taxa (not shown).
FIGURES 11–14. Ischilinema baldoi gen. n in First record of Viannaiidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylina) in fossorial rodents (Ctenomys spp.) from Central Argentina, with description of a new genus and species
FIGURES 11–14. Ischilinema baldoi gen. n. sp. n. 11–12, male, caudal bursa, 11, bursa spread out, ventral view, 12, bursa folded, left lateral view, right branch of dorsal ray omitted. 13, male, spicules in situ, showing spicular alae. 14, female, posterior extremity, left lateral view. Abbreviations: 2r-8r, right rays 2 to 8; 2l-8l: left rays 2 to 8.
FIGURES 1–10. Ischilinema baldoi gen. n in First record of Viannaiidae (Nematoda: Trichostrongylina) in fossorial rodents (Ctenomys spp.) from Central Argentina, with description of a new genus and species
FIGURES 1–10. Ischilinema baldoi gen. n. sp. n. 1, female, anterior extremity, right lateral view. 2, female, head, apical view. 3–11, synlophe in transverse sections of the body: 3, 4, at oesophago-intestinal junction, 3, male, 4, female; 5–6, at mid-body, 5, male, 6, female; 7–10, within distal third of body length, 7, male at 500 µ before caudal bursa, 8, female at 500 µ from posterior extremity, 9, male at beginning of spicules, 10, male, at 100 µ before caudal bursa. Abbreviations: R, right, V, ventral. All sections oriented as in Figure 3.
Topographic barriers drive the pronounced genetic subdivision of a range-limited fossorial rodent - Landscaoe genetic analyses
<p>Datasets and scripts encompasses landscape genetic analyses for giant root-rat populations, incorporating both mitochondrial and nuclear genome data. The study utilized resistance surface optimization approaches and partial Mantel tests to explore the impact of envrionmental features on the species. Findings and insights are detailed in the manuscript titled "Topographic barriers drive the pronounced genetic subdivision of a range-limited fossorial rodent".</p>
FIGURE 3 in Speciation and secondary contact in a fossorial island endemic, the São Tomé caecilian
FIGURE 3 Results of demographic modelling (δaδi; Gutenkunst et al., 2009) and demographic parameter estimation (G-PHOCS; Gronau et al., 2011) analyses. (a) Stylized representation of the best supported model from δaδi with parameters superimposed from G-PHOCS. (b) The fit between the best-supported model and the data is shown using the two-dimensional site frequency spectrum (2D-SFS) and plots of the residuals
FIGURE 2 in Speciation and secondary contact in a fossorial island endemic, the São Tomé caecilian
FIGURE 2 Results of the HIEST version 2.0 (Fitzpatrick, 2012) analysis. (a) Joint maximum likelihood estimates of ancestry (S value) and interclass heterozygosity (H value) for Schistometopum thomense (S. thomense) and Schistometopum ephele (S. ephele) for 41 diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Individuals are coloured by morphology (yellow, unflecked = yellow; brown, flecked = grey) indicating that most admixed individuals (intermediate S and H values) are flecked. (b) H values plotted against latitude show that admixed individuals are restricted to the centre of the island at the contact zone. Individuals are coloured according to S values (≥0.9 or ≤0.1)
FIGURE 1 in Speciation and secondary contact in a fossorial island endemic, the São Tomé caecilian
FIGURE 1 Schistometopum sampling on São Tomé Island. (a) Map shows distribution of genomic samples with the size of circles proportional to the number of individuals at that site. Individuals with at least 90% ancestry assigned to Schistometopum thomense (S. thomense) are shown in purple, 90% ancestry assigned to Schistometopum ephele (S. ephele) in green, and admixed individuals in orange. Site abbreviations are as follows: AA, Anselmo Andrade; BO, Bombaim; BS, Bom Sucesso; CN, Contador Valley North; CS, Contador Valley South; CV, Canavial; JA, Java + Abade; LB, Lemba River; ML, Rio Maria Luisa; ON, Obo National Park; PA, Porto Alegre; QI, Quisinda; RD, Rio d'Ouro; SF, Santa Fe; SL, Santa Luzia. The type locality of S. ephele (Água Izé, 400–700 m) is probably between the coastal community of Água Izé (indicated by black star) and Java. (b) Plot of ancestry coefficients estimated with ADMIXTURE version 1.3.0 (Alexander et al. (2009) for K = 2. Circles above the plot show the haplotype of each individual from the mitochondrial ND4 locus, and morphological assignment (yellow, unflecked = yellow; brown, flecked = grey). (c) ND4 haplotype network for new samples and previously published data (Stoelting et al., 2014) estimated in PopART (Leigh & Bryant, 2015). Twenty-six mutations separate the haplotype groups. (d) Principal component analysis (PCA) of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data with individuals coloured according to their ancestry assignment from (b). Photo credits: A. Stanbridge
FIGURE 4 in Speciation and secondary contact in a fossorial island endemic, the São Tomé caecilian
FIGURE 4 Summary of environmental space occupancy analyses. (a) Photos of habitat in representative dry (top) and wet (bottom) regions of São Tomé Island. (b) Violin plot of precipitation values at sites for pure and admixed caecilians (top), bar plots of land cover (middle), and bar plots of soil types and ages (bottom). (c) Annual precipitation (mm) across the island, with drier habitat in the north and wetter habitat in the south (top), land cover across the island, adapted from Soares (2017; middle), and soil types and ages across the island, adapted from Caldeira and Munhá (2002) and Stoelting et al. (2014; bottom). Photo credits: J. Shevock, A. Stanbridge
On following pages: 489. Coues's Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys couesi); 490. White-bellied Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys albiventer), 491. Nicaraguan Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys dimidiatus); 492. Gorgas's Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys gorgasi, 493. Santiago Galapagos Mouse (Nesoryzomys swarthi); 494. Small Fernandina Galapagos Mouse (Nesoryzomys fernandinae); 495. Large Fernandina Galapagos Mouse (Nesoryzomys narboroughi); 496. Galapagos Rice Rat (Aegialomys galapagoensis); 497 Yellowish Rice Rat (Aegialomys xanthaeolus); 498. Baron's Rice Rat (Aegialomys baroni); 499. Ica Rice Rat (Aegialomys ica); 500. Alfaro's Water Rat (Sigmodontomys alfari); 501. Harris's Rice Water Rat (Tanyuromys aphrastus); 502. Black-and-Yellow Rice Rat (Melanomys chrysomelas); 503. Cinnamon-rufous Rice Rat (Melanomys idoneus); 504. Colombian Rice Rat (Melanomys columbianus); 505. Dusky Rice Rat (Melanomys caliginosus); 506. Robust Dark Rice Rat (Melanomys robustulus); 507. Zuniga's Dark Rice Rat (Melanomys zunigae); 508. Intermediate Lesser Grass Mouse (Microakodontomys transitorius); 509. Lagoa Santa Pink-lipped Mouse (Bibimys labiosus); 510. Chacoan Pink-lipped Mouse (Bibimys chacoensis); 511. Torres's Pink-lipped Mouse (Bibimys torresi), 512. Brazilian Swamp Rat (Scapteromys meridionalis); 513. Argentinean Swamp Rat (Scapteromys aquaticus); 514. Uruguay Swamp Rat (Scapteromys tumidus); 515. Cerrado Giant Rat (Gyldenstolpia planaltensis); 516. Fossorial Giant Rat (Gyldenstolpia fronto); 517. Woolly Giant Rat (Kunsia tomentosus); 518. Andean Rat (Lenoxus apicalis); 519. Atlantic Forest Burrowing Mouse (Blarinomys breviceps); 520. Gray-bellied Brucie (Brucepattersonius griserufescens); 521. Short-tailed Brucie (Brucepattersonius soricinus); 522. Ihering's Brucie (Brucepattersonius iheringi). in Cricetidae
On following pages: 489. Coues's Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys couesi); 490. White-bellied Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys albiventer), 491. Nicaraguan Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys dimidiatus); 492. Gorgas's Marsh Rice Rat (Oryzomys gorgasi, 493. Santiago Galapagos Mouse (Nesoryzomys swarthi); 494. Small Fernandina Galapagos Mouse (Nesoryzomys fernandinae); 495. Large Fernandina Galapagos Mouse (Nesoryzomys narboroughi); 496. Galapagos Rice Rat (Aegialomys galapagoensis); 497 Yellowish Rice Rat (Aegialomys xanthaeolus); 498. Baron's Rice Rat (Aegialomys baroni); 499. Ica Rice Rat (Aegialomys ica); 500. Alfaro's Water Rat (Sigmodontomys alfari); 501. Harris's Rice Water Rat (Tanyuromys aphrastus); 502. Black-and-Yellow Rice Rat (Melanomys chrysomelas); 503. Cinnamon-rufous Rice Rat (Melanomys idoneus); 504. Colombian Rice Rat (Melanomys columbianus); 505. Dusky Rice Rat (Melanomys caliginosus); 506. Robust Dark Rice Rat (Melanomys robustulus); 507. Zuniga's Dark Rice Rat (Melanomys zunigae); 508. Intermediate Lesser Grass Mouse (Microakodontomys transitorius); 509. Lagoa Santa Pink-lipped Mouse (Bibimys labiosus); 510. Chacoan Pink-lipped Mouse (Bibimys chacoensis); 511. Torres's Pink-lipped Mouse (Bibimys torresi), 512. Brazilian Swamp Rat (Scapteromys meridionalis); 513. Argentinean Swamp Rat (Scapteromys aquaticus); 514. Uruguay Swamp Rat (Scapteromys tumidus); 515. Cerrado Giant Rat (Gyldenstolpia planaltensis); 516. Fossorial Giant Rat (Gyldenstolpia fronto); 517. Woolly Giant Rat (Kunsia tomentosus); 518. Andean Rat (Lenoxus apicalis); 519. Atlantic Forest Burrowing Mouse (Blarinomys breviceps); 520. Gray-bellied Brucie (Brucepattersonius griserufescens); 521. Short-tailed Brucie (Brucepattersonius soricinus); 522. Ihering's Brucie (Brucepattersonius iheringi).
Supplementary material 1 from: Lambert SM, Hutter CR, Scherz MD (2017) Diamond in the rough: a new species of fossorial diamond frog (Rhombophryne) from Ranomafana National Park, southeastern Madagascar. Zoosystematics and Evolution 93(1): 143-155. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.93.10188
File S1 : Explanation note: This file contains a PDF-embedded interactive 3D model of the skeleton of the holotype of Rhombophryne nilevina sp. n., KU 340897, generated via X-ray micro-Computed Tomography. The model can be opened in Adobe® Acrobat Pro or Reader, versions IX and above. To activate it, click the image.
Figure 12 in A new family of neotropical freshwater fishes from deep fossorial Amazonian habitat, with a reappraisal of morphological characiform phylogeny (Teleostei: Ostariophysi)
Figure 12. Hyoid arch of Tarumania walkerae, paratype, MZUSP 120544, 98.4-mm SL, left side, lateral view. Scale bar = 1 mm. ach, anterior ceratohyal; br, branchiostegal rays; dhh, dorsal hypohyal; ih, interhyal; pch, posterior ceratohyal; vhh, ventral hypohyal.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.