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Figs 5–10 in Free-Living Nematodes From Two Dolomite Hills In Hungary, With Description Of Sclerolaimus Hungaricus Sp. N.

Figs 5–10. Sclerolaimus hungaricus sp. n.: 5–6 = male tail, 7–11 = female tail. (Scale bars 20 µm each)

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Figs 1–4 in Free-Living Nematodes From Two Dolomite Hills In Hungary, With Description Of Sclerolaimus Hungaricus Sp. N.

Figs 1–4. Sclerolaimus hungaricus sp. n.: 1 = anterior end, 2 = cardial region, 3 = vulval region, 4 = intestine–prerectal junction. (Scale bars 20 µm each)

Fig. 9 in Constraints on Phylogenetic Interrelationships among Four Free-living Litostomatean Lineages Inferred from 18S rRNA gene-ITS Region sequences and Secondary Structure of the ITS2 molecule

Fig. 9. Evolutionary hypothesis of interrelationships among the four free-living litostomatean lineages studied. This scenario was suggested on the basis of morphology and the consensus secondary structure of the ITS2 molecules. CK – circumoral kinety, DB – dorsal brush, OB – oral bulge, OO – oral bulge opening, P – proboscis, PE – perioral kinety, PR – preoral kineties, SK – somatic kineties.

Fig. 5 in Constraints on Phylogenetic Interrelationships among Four Free-living Litostomatean Lineages Inferred from 18S rRNA gene-ITS Region sequences and Secondary Structure of the ITS2 molecule

Fig. 5. Quartet likelihood-mapping showing distribution of phylogenetic signal in the 18S-A and the CON-1 alignment for three possible relationships among the four main free-living litostomatean lineages studied. The corners of the triangles show the percentage of fully resolved trees, i.e., phylogenetically informative signal. The rectangular areas show the percentage of trees that are in conflict. The central triangle shows the percentage of unresolved star-like trees, i.e., phylogenetically uninformative signal. Coding of free-living litostomatean lineages: H – Haptorida, P – Pleurostomatida, R – Rhynchostomatia, S – Spathidiida.

Fig. 4 in Constraints on Phylogenetic Interrelationships among Four Free-living Litostomatean Lineages Inferred from 18S rRNA gene-ITS Region sequences and Secondary Structure of the ITS2 molecule

Fig. 4. Super-network of 66 free-living litostomatean taxa constructed from 80 randomly selected post-burn-in trees from the Bayesian inference of the 18S-A–D, ITSR-C and ITSR-D as well as the CON-1 and CON-2 alignments. The super-network was constructed in the program SplitsTree, using the Z-closure option, tree size weighted mean, ten runs, and the refined heuristic technique. For details on taxa and characteristics of the alignments analyzed, see Supplementary Table S1 and S2.

Fig. 3 in Constraints on Phylogenetic Interrelationships among Four Free-living Litostomatean Lineages Inferred from 18S rRNA gene-ITS Region sequences and Secondary Structure of the ITS2 molecule

Fig. 3. Phylogeny based on the 18S rRNA gene and the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of 56 free-living litostomatean taxa (alignment CON-1). Posterior probabilities for the Bayesian inference and bootstrap values for maximum likelihood were mapped onto the 50% majority rule ML tree. Dashes indicate posterior probabilities below 0.50 and ML bootstrap values below 50%. The scale bar indicates five substitutions per ten nucleotide positions. For details on taxa, evolutionary model used, and characteristics of the CON-1 alignment, see Supplementary Table S1 and S2.

Fig. 1 in Constraints on Phylogenetic Interrelationships among Four Free-living Litostomatean Lineages Inferred from 18S rRNA gene-ITS Region sequences and Secondary Structure of the ITS2 molecule

Fig. 1. Phylogeny based on the 18S rRNA gene of 64 free-living litostomatean taxa (alignment 18S-A). Posterior probabilities for Bayesian inference and bootstrap values for maximum likelihood were mapped onto the 50% majority rule Bayesian consensus tree. Dashes indicate ML bootstrap values below 50%. Sequences in bold were obtained during this study. The scale bar indicates two substitutions per one hundred nucleotide positions. For details on taxa, evolutionary model used, and characteristics of the 18S-A alignment, see Supplementary Table S1 and S2.

Fig. 8 in Constraints on Phylogenetic Interrelationships among Four Free-living Litostomatean Lineages Inferred from 18S rRNA gene-ITS Region sequences and Secondary Structure of the ITS2 molecule

Fig. 8. Structure logo of ITS2 helices II and III in various higher litostomatean taxa. The height of a base is proportional to its frequency in multiple sequence alignments.

Fig. 2 in Constraints on Phylogenetic Interrelationships among Four Free-living Litostomatean Lineages Inferred from 18S rRNA gene-ITS Region sequences and Secondary Structure of the ITS2 molecule

Fig. 2. Phylogeny based on the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region of 60 free-living litostomatean taxa (alignment ITSR-A). Posterior probabilities for Bayesian inference and bootstrap values for maximum likelihood were mapped onto the best ML tree. Dashes indicate posterior probabilities below 0.50 and ML bootstrap values below 50%. Sequences in bold were obtained during this study. The scale bar indicates nine substitutions per one hundred nucleotide positions. For details on taxa, evolutionary model used, and characteristics of the ITSR-A alignment, see Supplementary Table S1 and S2.

Fig. 7 in Constraints on Phylogenetic Interrelationships among Four Free-living Litostomatean Lineages Inferred from 18S rRNA gene-ITS Region sequences and Secondary Structure of the ITS2 molecule

Fig. 7. Consensus secondary structure of ITS2 helices II and III in various higher litostomatean taxa.

Fig. 5 in Small Free-Living Heterotrophic Flagellates from Marine Intertidal Sediments of the Sydney Region, Australia

Fig. 5. (a) Protaspa verrucosa, note ventral groove. (b) Thaumatomastix sp., general appearance of cell and showing a layer of body scales. (c)–(d) Clautriavia cavus, general appearance of different cells, (c) cell from Lee and Patterson (2000). (e) Gweamonas unicus, note coiled flagellum and flagellar insertion. (f)–(h) Eoramonas jungensis sp. nov., showing general appearance of different cells, note flagellar insertion and beating pattern of anterior flagellum. (i)–(j) Glissandra similis, showing general appearance of different cells, note the ventral groove. (k) Phyllomitus undulans, note two flagella adhering each other, from Lee (2002a). (l)–(m) Protist 1, showing general appearance, note flagellar insertion. (n) Protist 2, showing general appearance, note collar and two emergent flagella. All micrographs are DIC images. Scale bar in (h) = 5 μm for (e)–(h) and in (n) = 10 μm for other figures.

Fig. 4 in Small Free-Living Heterotrophic Flagellates from Marine Intertidal Sediments of the Sydney Region, Australia

Fig. 4. (a)–(b) Rhynchobodo longiciliatus, (a) general appearance of cell, (b) flagellar insertion into pocket. (c)–(d) Cercomonas sp.1, general appearance, note slender anterior part and hyaline cell body. (e)–(f) Cercomonas parva, (e) genera appearance showing a posterior flagellum attached to the body, (f) flexible body. (g)–(h) Cercomonas sp.2, general appearance, note both short flagella and cytoplasms drawn from the posterior part. (i) Cyranomonas australis, showing general appearance of different cells, note flagellar insertion. (j)–(k) Protaspa flexibilis sp. nov., general appearance of different cells, (j) nuclear caps around nucleus. All micrographs are DIC images. Scale bar in (k) = 10 μm for all figures with the exception of (b). Scale bar in (b) = 5 μm.

Fig. 2 in Gamma Radiation Tolerance and Protein Carbonylation Caused by Irradiation of Resting Cysts in the Free-living Ciliated Protist Colpoda cucullus

Fig. 2. Analysis of proteins (Left panel) and protein carbonylation by ECL (Right panel) from non-irradiated and 4000 Gy irradiated cells. The samples in the lanes were from non-irradiated cells (NonIR), 4000 Gy irradiated cells (IR), and cells incubated for 12 h after 4000 Gy irradiation (IR incubated). The protein bands and ECL signals were measured and are shown in parentheses for each lane relative to the Non-IR sample.

Fig. 4 in Gamma Radiation Tolerance and Protein Carbonylation Caused by Irradiation of Resting Cysts in the Free-living Ciliated Protist Colpoda cucullus

Fig. 4. Relative viability of Colpoda vegetative cells, wet cysts, and dry cysts after gamma radiation doses of 0 (non-irradiated), 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 Gy. The column heights and attached bars are the means and standard errors, respectively, of six measurements at each dose. Double asterisks indicate a significant difference at p <0.01 (Mann-Whitney U test).

Fig. 3 in Gamma Radiation Tolerance and Protein Carbonylation Caused by Irradiation of Resting Cysts in the Free-living Ciliated Protist Colpoda cucullus

Fig. 3. Excystment of Colpoda dry cysts, after gamma irradiation at 0 (non-irradiated), 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 Gy, as a function of time after induction of excystment. The points and bars mark the means and standard errors, respectively, of six measurements at each dose. The excystment mean ± SE at 3, 6, 24, and 96 h after the induction of excystment is shown in (a), (b), (c), and (d), respectively. The column heights and attached bars in (a) to (d) are the means and standard errors, respectively, of six measurements at each dose. Asterisks and double asterisks indicate a significant difference at p <0.05 and p <0.01, respectively (Mann-Whitney U test).

Fig. 3 in Small Free-Living Heterotrophic Flagellates from Marine Intertidal Sediments of the Sydney Region, Australia

Fig. 3. Apusomonadida, Cercomonadida, Protaspidae, Thaumatomonadidae and Protista incertae sedis. (a) Apusomonas proboscidea, (b) Cercomonas parva, (c) Cercomonas sp.1, (d) Cercomonas sp.2, (e) Protaspa flexibilis sp. nov., (f) Thaumatomastix sp., (g) Eoramonas jungensis sp. nov., (h) Gweamonas unicus, (i) Phyllomitus undulans (from Lee 2002a), (j) Protist 1, (k) Protist 2. Scale bar = 10 μm for all figures.

Fig. 2 in Small Free-Living Heterotrophic Flagellates from Marine Intertidal Sediments of the Sydney Region, Australia

Fig. 2. (a)–(b) Mastigamoeba psammobia, (a) general appearance of cell, note cytoplasms drawn from the posterior end, (b) general appearance of different cell and note pseudopodia. (c) Hexamita inflata, general appearance, note the nucleus. (d) Trepomonas agilis, general appearance of cell. (e) Chilomastix cuspidata, showing general appearance. (f) Stephanopogon sp., showing general appearance. (g) Saepicula pulchra, showing general appearance of cell. (h)–(j) Goniomonas amphinema. (h) Form I, (i) Form II, (j) Form III, note flagellar ar- rangement. (k) Roombia truncata, note attached cell to the substrate by the tip of the posterior flagellum, note extrusomes, surface striations and deep gullet. (l) Telonema subtilis, showing general appearance. (m) Harpagon descissus, general appearance of cell. (n)–(o) Spironema multiciliatum, (n) general appearance of cell, (o) note the kinetics. (p) Psammosa unguis, general appearance of cell. (q) Bicosoeca conica, general appearance of cell. (r) Apusomonas proboscidea, genera appearance of cell, note the V-shaped structure on dorsal face. All micrographs are DIC images except for (b), which is phase contrast images. Scale bar in (r) = 10 μm for all figures.

Fig. 1 in Gamma Radiation Tolerance and Protein Carbonylation Caused by Irradiation of Resting Cysts in the Free-living Ciliated Protist Colpoda cucullus

Fig. 1. Excystment of Colpoda wet cysts, after gamma irradiation at 0 (non-irradiated), 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 Gy, as a function of time after the induction of excystment. The points and bars mark the means and standard errors, respectively, of six measurements at each dose. The excystment mean ± SE at 3, 6, 9, and 36 h after induction of excystment is shown in (a), (b), (c), and (d), respectively. The column heights and attached bars in (a) to (d) are the means and standard errors, respectively, of six measurements. Asterisks and double asterisks indicate a significant difference at p <0.05 and p <0.01, respectively (Mann-Whitney U test).

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Fig. 5 in Two new records of free-living marine nematodes of the family Ironidae de Man, 1876 (Nematoda: Enoplida) from Korea

Fig. 5. Pheronous donghaiensis Chen and Guo, 2015, females in lateral view. A, Habitus; B, Anterior region; C, Vulva region; D, Head region; E, Tail region. Scale bars: A-C, E, 50 μm; D, 10 μm.