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133 results for “genetic lineages”
Phylogeography of a widely distributed plant species reveals cryptic genetic lineages with parallel phenotypic responses to warming and drought conditions
<p>To predict how widely distributed species will perform under future climate change it is crucial to understand and reveal their underlying phylogenetics. However, detailed information about plant adaptation and its genetic basis and history remains scarce and especially widely distributed species receive little attention despite their putatively high adaptability. To examine the adaptation potential of a widely distributed species, we sampled the model plant <em>Silene vulgaris</em> across Europe. In a greenhouse experiment, we exposed the offspring of these populations to a climate-change scenario for central Europe and revealed the population structure through whole genome sequencing. Plants were grown under two temperature (18°C, 21°C) and three precipitation regimes (65 mm, 75 mm, 90 mm) to measure their response in biomass and fecundity related traits. To reveal the population genetic structure, ddRAD sequencing was employed for a whole genome approach. We found three major genetic clusters in <em>S. vulgaris</em> from Europe: one cluster comprising Southern European populations, one cluster of Western European populations and another cluster containing Central European populations. Population genetic diversity decreased with increasing latitude and a Mantel test revealed significant correlations between FST and geographic distances as well as between genetic and environmental distances. Our trait analysis showed that the genetic clusters significantly differed in biomass-related traits and in the days to flowering. However, half of the traits showed parallel response patterns to the experimental climate change scenario. Due to the differentiated but parallel response patterns, we assume that phenotypic plasticity plays an important role for the adaptation of the widely distributed species <em>S. vulgaris</em> and its intraspecific genetic lineages.</p>
Figure 3 in Cryptic lineages, cryptic barriers: historical seascapes and oceanic fronts drive genetic diversity in supralittoral rockpool beetles (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)
Figure 3. Haplotype networks for COI and wingless for Ochthebius (Ochthebius) quadricollis. Colours represent the main geographic areas indicated in the legend.
Figure 2. Calibrated phylogenetic tree obtained with BEAST v.1.10.4 in Cryptic lineages, cryptic barriers: historical seascapes and oceanic fronts drive genetic diversity in supralittoral rockpool beetles (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)
Figure 2. Calibrated phylogenetic tree obtained with BEAST v.1.10.4 of Ochthebius with focus on subgenus Cobalius (purple shade) and quadricollis species group (green shade) (former subgenus 'Calobius'). Numbers at nodes represent posterior probabilities, and 95% highest posterior density are given in blue horizontal rectangles. Calibrations points used in analysis are specified by grey dots.
Figure 5 in Cryptic lineages, cryptic barriers: historical seascapes and oceanic fronts drive genetic diversity in supralittoral rockpool beetles (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)
Figure 5. Haplotype networks for COI and wingless for Ochthebius (Cobalius) lejolisii. Colours represent the main geographic areas indicated in the legend.
Figure 1 in Cryptic lineages, cryptic barriers: historical seascapes and oceanic fronts drive genetic diversity in supralittoral rockpool beetles (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)
Figure 1. Distribution of sampling localities 1-57 (as listed in Table 1) and main surface marine currents and potential geographic barriers to dispersal (inset top-right).
Figure 4 in Cryptic lineages, cryptic barriers: historical seascapes and oceanic fronts drive genetic diversity in supralittoral rockpool beetles (Coleoptera: Hydraenidae)
Figure 4. Haplotype networks for COI and wingless for Ochthebius (Cobalius) subinteger. Colours represent the main geographic areas indicated in the legend.
FIGURE 19. Ilyodromus hiatus n in Patterns of genetic divergence in the Ilyodromus amplicolis lineage (Crustacea, Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species
FIGURE 19. Ilyodromus hiatus n. sp. ♂ (WAM57868) from granite rock pool on top of Wannara Rock, north of Wubin, Western Australia, Australia A–C. A. Prehensile palp of left L5. B. Hp. C. Prehensile palp of right L5. Scales: A–C = 77 µm.
FIGURE 16. Ilyodromus hiatus n in Patterns of genetic divergence in the Ilyodromus amplicolis lineage (Crustacea, Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species
FIGURE 16. Ilyodromus hiatus n. sp. ♀ (WAM57872, RTJ2) from granite rock pool on top of Wannara Rock, north of Wubin, Western Australia, Australia A–G. A. A1. B. A1, detail of RO. C. A2. D. A2, detail of natatory setae. E. Md coxa. F. Md palp. Scales: A, C = 200 µm, B, D = 40 µm, E–F = 150 µm
FIGURE 12. Ilyodromus sensaddito. n in Patterns of genetic divergence in the Ilyodromus amplicolis lineage (Crustacea, Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species
FIGURE 12. Ilyodromus sensaddito. n. sp. from Drummond Pool, Western Australia, Australia A–F. A. ♀, (WAM57857) Left and right A1, detail of RO (red) and additional seta. B. ♀ (WAM57857), Left A1, detail of RO (red). C. ♀ (WAM57857), A2, detail of natatory setae (red). D. ♀ (WAM57857), CR, detail of Sp (red). E. ♂ (WAM57858), Left and right L5, detail of prehensile palp first (blue) and second (yellow) segments. F. ♂ (WAM57858), Hp, detail of ls (blue) and ms (yellow). Colour only visible in electronic version. Scales: A, C = 50 µm, B = 10 µm, D = 150 µm, E = 100 µm, F = 200 µm
FIGURE 15. Ilyodromus hiatus n in Patterns of genetic divergence in the Ilyodromus amplicolis lineage (Crustacea, Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species
FIGURE 15. Ilyodromus hiatus n. sp. (RTJ2) from granite rock pool on top of Wannara Rock, north of Wubin, Western Australia, Australia A–L. A. CpRl ♀ (WAM57875). B. CpRl ♂ (WAM57870). C. CpD ♀ (WAM57873). D. CpD ♂ (WAM57871). E. CpV ♀ (WAM57874). F. CpV ♂ (WAM57869). G. LVi ♀ (WAM57872). H. RVi ♀ (WAM57872). I. LVi ♂ (WAM57866). J. RVi ♂ (WAM57866). K. LVi ♀, detail of anterior peg (WAM57872). L. CpRl ♀ detail of valve striation pattern (WAM57873). Scales: A–J = 1000 µm, K = 400 µm, L = 10 µm
FIGURE 9. Ilyodromus armacutis. n in Patterns of genetic divergence in the Ilyodromus amplicolis lineage (Crustacea, Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species
FIGURE 9. Ilyodromus armacutis. n. sp. ♂ (WAM57838, DJC17-A) from Drummond Pool, Western Australia, Australia A– C. A. Hp B. Prehensile palp of right L5. C. Prehensile palp of left L5. Scales: A–C = 77 µm.
FIGURE 7. Ilyodromus armacutis. n in Patterns of genetic divergence in the Ilyodromus amplicolis lineage (Crustacea, Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species
FIGURE 7. Ilyodromus armacutis. n. sp. ♀ (WAM57836, DJC17-A) from Drummond Pool, Western Australia, Australia A– C. A. A1, detail of RO (red). B. A2, detail of natatory setae (red). C. CR, detail of Sp (red). Colour version of figure available online. Scales: A, C = 50 µm, B = 15 µm
FIGURE 6. Ilyodromus armacutis. n in Patterns of genetic divergence in the Ilyodromus amplicolis lineage (Crustacea, Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species
FIGURE 6. Ilyodromus armacutis. n. sp. ♀ (WAM57837, DJC17-A) from Drummond Pool, Western Australia, Australia A–F. A. A1, detail of RO. B. A1. C. Md palp. D. A2. E. Md coxa. Scales: A = 30 µm, B, D = 300 µm, C, E = 150 µm
FIGURE 4 in Patterns of genetic divergence in the Ilyodromus amplicolis lineage (Crustacea, Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species
FIGURE 4. Haplotype/genotype networks for the mtDNA and rDNA datasets calculated in Pegas (Paradis 2010) based on frequency of haplotypes/genotypes at each pool sampled (multiple pools atop a single granite outcrop were considered separately). Haplotypes/genotypes are represented as circles, with size proportional to total haplotype/genotype frequency. The relative frequency of haplotypes/genotypes at each sample site is indicated by embedded pie charts with sample site codes explained in the legend. The number of mutational steps between haplotypes/genotypes is represented by small black nodes and branch lengths (number of mutational steps over 5 are also indicated numerically). Colour only visible in electronic version.
FIGURE 11. Ilyodromus sensaddito. n in Patterns of genetic divergence in the Ilyodromus amplicolis lineage (Crustacea, Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species
FIGURE 11. Ilyodromus sensaddito. n. sp. ♀ (WAM57843) from granite rock pool at base of Frog Rock, near Southern Cross, Western Australia, Australia A–F. A. A1. B. A1, detail of RO. C. A2. D. A2, detail of natatory setae. E. Md coxa. F. Md palp. Scales: A, C, E–F = 200 µm, B, D = 22 µm
FIGURE 3 in Patterns of genetic divergence in the Ilyodromus amplicolis lineage (Crustacea, Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species
FIGURE 3. Maximum clade credibility tree of those sampled in the Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of the mtDNA datasets for the Ilyodromus amplicolis lineage, showing posterior probabilities of nodes, localities at the tips, markers sequenced for each specimen that showed the represented topology, clades supported as separate species according to the D:4θ rule, and a right lateral view of each species. Scale bars at the bottom left indicate genetic distance and measurement scale for the right lateral views of each species. The ratio of D:4θ is represented for each species clade separately for mtDNA and rDNA markers. For each species clade to be supported by the EG species concept (Birky et al. 2010), the horizontal length of the blue bar (D) must be greater than the horizontal length of the pink bar (4θ). Colour only visible in electronic version.
FIGURE 2 in Patterns of genetic divergence in the Ilyodromus amplicolis lineage (Crustacea, Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species
FIGURE 2. Geographic origin of material of the Ilyodromus amplicolis lineage examined from Western Australia, showing the locality of each species represented by a corresponding symbol colour (colour only visible in electronic version). Symbols placed on circles originate from the centre of that circle, and represent pools that were positioned on the same rock outcrop.
FIGURE 18. Ilyodromus hiatus n in Patterns of genetic divergence in the Ilyodromus amplicolis lineage (Crustacea, Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species
FIGURE 18. Ilyodromus hiatus n. sp. ♀ (WAM57872, RTJ2) from granite rock pool on top of Wannara Rock, north of Wubin, Western Australia, Australia A–F. A. Mx palp and endites, without detail on second and third endites. B. L5. C. L6. D. L7. E. CR attachment. F. CR. Scales: A = 102 µm, B–F = 150 µm
FIGURE 1 in Patterns of genetic divergence in the Ilyodromus amplicolis lineage (Crustacea, Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species
FIGURE 1. Examples of sample site variation, showing Wannara Rock (Top left), Boyagin Rock (Bottom left) and Puntapin Rock (Right) from Western Australia.
FIGURE 10. Ilyodromus sensaddito. n in Patterns of genetic divergence in the Ilyodromus amplicolis lineage (Crustacea, Ostracoda), with descriptions of three new species
FIGURE 10. Ilyodromus sensaddito. n. sp. (RTJ7) from granite rock pool at base of Frog Rock, near Southern Cross, Western Australia, Australia A–L. A. CpRl ♀ (WAM57847). B. CpD ♀ detail of valve striation pattern (WAM57848). C. CpD ♀ (WAM57848). D. CpD ♂ (WAM57849). E. CpV ♀ (WAM57846). F. CpV ♂ (WAM57850). G. LVi ♀ (WAM57842) indicating anterior peg. H. RVi ♀ (WAM57842). I. LVi ♂ (WAM57844) indicating anterior peg. J. RVi ♂ (WAM57844). K. Lvi ♂ detail of anterior peg (WAM57844). L. LVi ♀ detail of anterior peg (WAM57842). Scales: A, C–J = 1000 µm, B = 30 µm, K–L = 100 µm
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