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FIGURE 10. Turneroconcha magnifica n in A new genus Turneroconcha (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae: Pliocardiinae) for the giant hydrothermal vent clam 'Calyptogena' magnifica

FIGURE 10. Turneroconcha magnifica n. comb. (Boss & Turner, 1980) in its natural habitat, Gulf of California, Alarcón Rise, 2309 m, RV Western Flyer, dive D754. A, usual epifaunal position of T. magnifica on bare basalts along crevices. B, unusual infaunal behaviour of T. magnifica in soft sediment. C, specimen with a protruding foot. D, temperature measurement in vicinity of an exhalant siphon of T. magnifica. Distance between red dots is 25 cm. Photo courtesy of MBARI with permission of R.C. Vrijenhoek.

FIGURE 9. Turneroconcha magnifica n in A new genus Turneroconcha (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae: Pliocardiinae) for the giant hydrothermal vent clam 'Calyptogena' magnifica

FIGURE 9. Turneroconcha magnifica n. comb. (Boss & Turner, 1980), Scanning electron micrographs of anatomical details, RV Western Flyer, dive D754, L=36 mm (IORAS, BIV00036-2) (A–K). A–C, transverse sections of distal parts of inner demibranch in the medial area showing interlamellar septa and lateral view of filaments. D, transverse section of filaments and interlamellar septa consisting of two plates of bacteriocytes, fusion of neighbouring plates creating dorsal wall of tubule arrowed. E, abfrontal surface of filaments. F, G, abfrontal surface of filaments with interlamellar septa. H, lateral view of filament and distal part of interlamellar septum. I, interlamellar septum showing a fragment of a tubule. J, frontal surface of filaments. K, lateral view of filament. RV Western Flyer, dive D752, L=104 mm. L, spermatozoids. acr, acrosome; fi, gill filament; fms, free margin of interlamellar septum; frc, frontal cilia; ifj, interfilamental junction; ils, interlamellar septum; lfc, latero-frontal cilia; lc, lateral cilia; mi, mitochondria; tb, boundaries between separate tubules; tub, tubule. Scale bars: A–C, E–G, 200 µm; D, H–J, 50 µm; K, 20 µm; L, 1 µm.

FIGURE 8. Turneroconcha magnifica n in A new genus Turneroconcha (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae: Pliocardiinae) for the giant hydrothermal vent clam 'Calyptogena' magnifica

FIGURE 8. Turneroconcha magnifica n. comb. (Boss & Turner, 1980), scanning electron micrographs of anatomical details, RV Western Flyer, dive D 754, L=36 mm (IORAS, BIV00036-2). A, posterior part of body, black rectangles indicate locations of anatomical details shown in the following images. B, dorsal thickening of the mantle margins above exhalant siphon with three rows of tentacles. C, tentacles between siphons. D, margin of exhalant siphon from inside. E, tentacles of exhalant siphon margin. F, cross section of ventral wall of inhalant siphon. G, plicated epithelium of ventral wall of inhalant siphon. H, inhalant siphon from inside. I, inner valve of inhalant siphon from inside. J, tentacles of inhalant siphon margin. K, mantle inner fold 2 from the basis of inhalant siphon. L, ciliary tufts from inner mantle wall near siphon basis. M, tentacle of exhalant siphon. N, tentacle of inhalant siphon. ci, cilia; ct, ciliary tufts; fes, inner flap of exhalant siphon; imf2, inner mantle fold 2; lm, pallial longitudinal muscle; m, muscle bands; ple, plicated epithelium; vis, inner valve of inhalant siphon. Scale bars: A, 5 mm; B–D, I, 200 µm; E–J, K, 100 µm; G, 50 µm; H, 500 µm; L–N, 10 µm.

FIGURE 6. Turneroconcha magnifica n in A new genus Turneroconcha (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae: Pliocardiinae) for the giant hydrothermal vent clam 'Calyptogena' magnifica

FIGURE 6. Turneroconcha magnifica n. comb. (Boss & Turner, 1980), RV Western Flyer, dive D752, L=104 mm (IORAS, BIV00038-2). A, body as seen from left, gills and part of visceral mass removed. B, anterior part of body, gills intact. C, posterior part of body. D, posterior part of body, left wall of siphons removed. aa, anterior adductor muscle; alid, ascending lamella of inner demibranch; alod, ascending lamella of outer demibranch; alp, anterior labial palps; ap, anal papilla; apr, anterior pedal retractor muscle; au, auricle; dg, digestive gland; dlid, descending lamella of inner demibranch; es, exhalant siphon; fes, inner flap of exhalant siphon; fg, food groove; g, gonad; imf1, inner mantle fold 1; imf2, inner mantle fold 2; is, inhalant siphon; lm, pallial longitudinal muscle; mg, midgut; mvt, mantle thickening covered by ciliated epithelium; pa, posterior adductor muscle; ppr, posterior pedal retractor muscle; st, stomach; t, tentacles of mantle margin between siphons; timf3, tentacles of inner mantle fold 3; v, ventricle; vis, inner valve of inhalant siphon.

FIGURE 2. Turneroconcha magnifica n in A new genus Turneroconcha (Bivalvia: Vesicomyidae: Pliocardiinae) for the giant hydrothermal vent clam 'Calyptogena' magnifica

FIGURE 2. Turneroconcha magnifica n. comb. (Boss & Turner, 1980), RV Western Flyer, dive D 754, L=93 mm (IORAS, BIV00036-1). A, exterior of left valve. B, interior of left valve. C, exterior of right valve. D, interior of right valve. E, left hinge plate. F, right hinge plate. G, hinge margin of both valves. H, dorsal view. I, interior of right valve, pallial scars highlighted. J, anterior view. K, ventral view. 1, ventral cardinal tooth; 2a, anterior ramus of subumbonal cardinal tooth; 2b, posterior ramus of subumbonal cardinal tooth; 3b, posterior ramus of subumbonal cardinal; 4b, reduced posterodorsal cardinal tooth; all, anterior lamellar ligament layer; F, fibrous ligament layer; ppl, posterior part of posterior lamellar ligament layer; ny, nymph, tl, trace of posterior part of anterior lamellar ligament layer.

opencc-by-nc-1.0Feb 2020View details →

Tridacna maxima (small giant clam) BIRUG 19135

BIRUG 19135 is a recent specimen of *Tridacna maxima*, also known as the 'small giant clam' – a close relative of the true 'giant clam' (*Tridacna gigas*). In life the small giant clam boasts the same bright blue or green mantle as the giant clam, however rarely grows larger than 20cm. This species engages in filter feeding, however gets most of its nutrients through photosynthesis thanks to a symbiotic relationship with photosynthetic algae called zooxanthellae. The colours of the mantle are produced by pigment cells, which may protect the mantle from intense sunlight and/or aid the photosynthesis of symbiotic zooxanthellae. *T. maxima* has a wide geographic range, inhabiting sandy substrates and coral reefs in the southwest and central Pacific, the Indian Ocean, the Red Sea, the southern and eastern coasts of Africa (including Madagascar), and Colombia. This specimen was collected in Australia in 1884 by G. B. Sowerby III. Scanning was performed by Sian Miller using an Artec Spider 3D scanner. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab

FIGURE 13 in Morphological and genetic variation in North Atlantic giant file clams, Acesta spp. (Bivalvia: Limidae), with description of a new cryptic species in the northwest Atlantic

FIGURE 13. Maximum parsimony consensus tree of Acesta taxa inferred from 66 most parsimonious trees. Branches corresponding to partitions reproduced in less than 50% trees are collapsed. The percentage of parsimonious trees in which the associated taxa clustered together is shown next to the branches. The root was placed on the branch leading to Lima lima (Linnaeus, 1758) and the Limaria Link, 1807, species.

FIGURE 16 in Morphological and genetic variation in North Atlantic giant file clams, Acesta spp. (Bivalvia: Limidae), with description of a new cryptic species in the northwest Atlantic

FIGURE 16. Close-up internal view of the hinge of Acesta cryptadelphe sp. nov. from The Gully (offshore Nova Scotia), Bay d'Espoir (Newfoundland), and Beothuk Knoll (southwest Flemish Cap). (A) Paratype CMNML 097157.2, left valve; The Gully. (B) Paratype CMNML 092958, left valve; Bay d'Espoir. (C) Paratype CMNML 097160.1, left valve; Beothuk Knoll. (D) Paratype CMNML 097159.2, right valve; Beothuk Knoll. Scales = 1 cm.

FIGURE 14 in Morphological and genetic variation in North Atlantic giant file clams, Acesta spp. (Bivalvia: Limidae), with description of a new cryptic species in the northwest Atlantic

FIGURE 14. External and internal views of the valves of Acesta cryptadelphe sp. nov. from The Gully, offshore Nova Scotia. (A) Holotype CMNML 097156, left valve. (B) Paratype CMNML 097157.1, left valve. Scales = 5 cm.

FIGURE 12 in Morphological and genetic variation in North Atlantic giant file clams, Acesta spp. (Bivalvia: Limidae), with description of a new cryptic species in the northwest Atlantic

FIGURE 12. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of Acesta, Lima and Limaria species by Maximum Likelihood method based on partial COI gene sequences (589 bp). The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site.

FIGURE 11 in Morphological and genetic variation in North Atlantic giant file clams, Acesta spp. (Bivalvia: Limidae), with description of a new cryptic species in the northwest Atlantic

FIGURE 11. Canonical variate analysis of the Procrustes coordinates for all Acesta groups (146 specimens) with at least three specimens, based on a PCA reduction to 10 axes. (A) axis 1 (eigenvalue = 3.096) vs. axis 2 (eigenvalue = 0.983). (B) axis 1 vs. axis 3 (eigenvalue = 0.347).

FIGURE 10 in Morphological and genetic variation in North Atlantic giant file clams, Acesta spp. (Bivalvia: Limidae), with description of a new cryptic species in the northwest Atlantic

FIGURE 10. Thin-plate spline deformation grids for the extremities of each principal component for all 152 Acesta specimens. (A–B) axis 1. (C–D) axis 2. (E–F) axis 3. (exaggeration factor = 1.2)

FIGURE 15 in Morphological and genetic variation in North Atlantic giant file clams, Acesta spp. (Bivalvia: Limidae), with description of a new cryptic species in the northwest Atlantic

FIGURE 15. External and internal views of the valves of Acesta cryptadelphe sp. nov. from Beothuk Knoll, southwest Flemish Cap. (A) Paratype CMNML 097159.1, left valve; scale = 5 cm. (B) CMNML 097162, left valve; scale = 0.2 cm.

FIGURE 8 in Morphological and genetic variation in North Atlantic giant file clams, Acesta spp. (Bivalvia: Limidae), with description of a new cryptic species in the northwest Atlantic

FIGURE 8. Procrustes superposition of landmarks and corrected semilandmarks. (A) all 152 Acesta specimens, and (B) 105 specimens of Acesta excavata.

FIGURE 5 in Morphological and genetic variation in North Atlantic giant file clams, Acesta spp. (Bivalvia: Limidae), with description of a new cryptic species in the northwest Atlantic

FIGURE 5. Inside view of a right valve of Acesta excavata, showing morphological features, landmarks 1 to 5 and 58 semilandmarks (6 to 63) positioned where the lines from the superimposed comb intersect the shell margin.

FIGURE 7 in Morphological and genetic variation in North Atlantic giant file clams, Acesta spp. (Bivalvia: Limidae), with description of a new cryptic species in the northwest Atlantic

FIGURE 7. Scatter plots comparing various shell measurements and ratio for the ten different groups of Acesta examined in this study. Regression lines in (E) are shown for A. excavata (black line), the Newfoundland group (blue line), A. rathbuni (purple line) and A. oophaga (light blue power-function curve); intersect is set at 0 for all regressions.

FIGURE 6 in Morphological and genetic variation in North Atlantic giant file clams, Acesta spp. (Bivalvia: Limidae), with description of a new cryptic species in the northwest Atlantic

FIGURE 6. Larval shells of Acesta cryptadelphe sp. nov. from the northwest Atlantic, viewed under high-magnification stereomicroscope. (A) The Gully, CMNML 097157.2, left valve (same as Fig. 16A). (B) Beothuk Knoll, CMNML 097162, left valve (same as Fig. 15B). Scales = 200 µm.