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FIGURE 2. Vochysia microphylla. A. Population showing the cespitose growth habit. B. Well-branched individual from Vellozia gigantea trail. C. Flowering branch with flower buds. D. Flowering branch with open flowers. A. Photo L.C. Rodrigues. B–D. Photos G.H in Vochysia microphylla (Vochysiaceae), a new species from Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais, Brazil
FIGURE 2. Vochysia microphylla. A. Population showing the cespitose growth habit. B. Well-branched individual from Vellozia gigantea trail. C. Flowering branch with flower buds. D. Flowering branch with open flowers. A. Photo L.C. Rodrigues. B–D. Photos G.H. Shimizu.
FIGURE 1. Primulina glandaceistriata. A. Growth habit. B. Opened corolla showing stamens and staminodes. C in Primulina glandaceistriata (Gesneriaceae), a new species from Guangxi, China
FIGURE 1. Primulina glandaceistriata. A. Growth habit. B. Opened corolla showing stamens and staminodes. C. Overhead view of pistil. D. Stigma. E. Calyx lobes.
Data from: Signatures of soft sweeps across the Dt1 locus underlying determinate growth habit in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]
Determinate growth habit is an agronomically important trait associated with domestication in soybean. Previous studies have demonstrated that the emergence of determinacy is correlated with artificial selection on four non-synonymous mutations in the Dt1 gene. To better understand the signatures of the soft sweeps across the Dt1 locus and track the origins of the determinate alleles, we examined patterns of nucleotide variation in Dt1 and the surrounding genomic region of approximately 800 kb. Four local, asymmetrical hard sweeps on four determinate alleles, sized approximately 660, 120, 220 and 150 kb were identified, which constitute the soft sweeps for the adaptation. These variable-sized sweeps substantially reflected the strength and timing of selection, and indicated that the selection on the alleles had been completed rapidly within half a century. Statistics of EHH, iHS, H12 and H2/H1 based on haplotype data had the power to detect the soft sweeps, revealing distinct signatures of extensive long-range LD and haplotype homozygosity, and multiple frequent adaptive haplotypes. A haplotype network constructed for Dt1 and a phylogenetic tree based on its extended haplotype block implied independent sources of the adaptive alleles through de novo mutations or rare standing variation in quick succession during the selective phase, strongly supporting multiple origins of the determinacy. We propose that the adaptation of soybean determinacy is guided by a model of soft sweeps and that this model might be indispensable during crop domestication or evolution.
FIGURE 5. Phlegmariurus lancifolius—(Panamá: Maxon 5627, US). Growth habit. in The Lycopodiaceae of Panamá
FIGURE 5. Phlegmariurus lancifolius—(Panamá: Maxon 5627, US). Growth habit.
Figs. 4A-D. Growth habits. A in Vegetative anatomy of some Brazilian Zygopetalinae (Orchidaceae)
Figs. 4A-D. Growth habits. A. Zygopetalum mackayi; B. Zygopetalum maxillare; C. Huntleya meleagris; D. Warczewiczella wailesiana..
Fig. 4 in Growth and life habits of the Triassic cynodont Trirachodon, inferred from bone histology
Fig. 4. Transverse sections showing the bone histology of the Trirachodon scapula and rib. A. Scapula (SAM−PK−K5881g) where a LAG (arrowhead) is observed at the sub−periosteal surface. Moderately vascularized fibrolamellar bone becomes less vascularized towards the periphery. B. Rib (SAM−PK−K5881d) with abundant longitudinally oriented primary and secondary osteons scattered throughout the cortex (arrows). Arrowhead indicates the double LAG near the periphery. MC refers to medullary cavity. Scale bars 125 µm.
Fig. 5 in Growth and life habits of the Triassic cynodont Trirachodon, inferred from bone histology
Fig. 5. The bone histology of a Trirachodon radius and ulna, from a single individual (CGP1/79). A. Radius (CGP1/79a), note the annuli containing parallel−fibered tissue and the LAG at the periphery of the bone (arrowhead). Vascularization decreases towards the periphery. Remodeling has occurred as is evident from the resorption cavities in the peri−medullary cavity. Scale bar 250 µm. B. Ulna (CGP1/79b), the tissue consists of moderately vascularized fibro−lamellar tissue, which is interrupted by annuli (arrowheads). Secondary osteons are scattered throughout the cortex (white arrow). MC indicates medullary cavity. Scale bar 125 µm.
Fig. 2 in Growth and life habits of the Triassic cynodont Trirachodon, inferred from bone histology
Fig. 2. Transverse sections of Trirachodon femora. A. Femur (NMQ− R3282a), estimated to be 51% adult size; A1, highly vascularized fibrolamellar bone, scale bar 250 µm; A2, high magnification of the same, showing two indistinct annuli (arrowheads), scale bar 125 µm. B. Femur (SAM−PK−5881a) consisting of moderately vascularized fibro−lamellar bone with a parallel−fibred region at the periphery (arrowhead). The vascular canals are radially and longitudinally orientated, with some anastomoses. Arrow indicates a secondary osteon, scale bar 250 µm. MC indicates medullary cavity.
Data from: Signatures of soft sweeps across the Dt1 locus underlying determinate growth habit in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]
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FIGURE5. Phlegmariurus chiricanus—(Panamá: Maxon 5364, US, BONN-Nessel 56 fragment). A. Growth habit. A1. Apical sporangiate division. in The Lycopodiaceae of Panamá
FIGURE5. Phlegmariurus chiricanus—(Panamá: Maxon 5364, US, BONN-Nessel 56 fragment). A. Growth habit. A1. Apical sporangiate division.
FIGURE. Phlegmariurus bradeorum—(Guatemala: H. Johnson 772, US). A. Growth habit. A1. Close-up of basal division. A2. Closeup of sporangiate division. Drawing by K.Tind in The Lycopodiaceae of Panamá
FIGURE. Phlegmariurus bradeorum—(Guatemala: H. Johnson 772, US). A. Growth habit. A1. Close-up of basal division. A2. Closeup of sporangiate division. Drawing by K.Tind
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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