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137 results for “gulls”
Figure 2 in Cestodes of the genus Aploparaksis Clerc, 1903 (Cyclophyllidea, Aploparaksidae) reported from gulls, with a description of new species
Figure 2. Aploparaksis brachyphallos (Krabbe, 1869). Specimen from Iceland (J. Baer's collection, MHNG 121/ 81): (A) scolex, (B) mature proglottis, (C) cirrus. Specimen from Arenaria interpres from the White Sea: (D) mature proglottis. Scale bars: 100 mm (B), 50 mm (A, D), 20 mm (C).
Figure 1 in Cestodes of the genus Aploparaksis Clerc, 1903 (Cyclophyllidea, Aploparaksidae) reported from gulls, with a description of new species
Figure 1. Aploparaksis brachyphallos (Krabbe, 1869). Specimen from Stercorarius longicaudus, Chukotka: (A) scolex, (B) hook, (C) hermaphroditic proglottis, (D) cirrus. Specimen from Calidris alpina from Alaska (R. Rausch collection, slide DWN B-46): (E) hook, (F) cirrus. Specimen from Xema sabini from Alaska (R. Rausch's collection, slide 26210): (G) hook. Scale bars: 100 mm (A), 50 mm (C), 20 mm (B, D, E, F, G).
Fledging of Leach's Storm-Petrel chicks from Gull Island
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Data and R-scripts from: Multiple stressors: negative effects of nest predation on the viability of a threatened gull in different environmental conditions
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Position in the laying order has sex-specific consequences for reproductive success in adult black-headed gulls
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Object neophilia in wild herring gulls in urban and rural locations
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Data from: Inter-colony variation in foraging flight characteristics of black-headed gulls Chroicocephalus ridibundus during the incubating period
Using GPS-loggers, we examined the influence of colony, sex, and bird identity on foraging flight characteristics of black-headed gulls <i>Chroicocephalus ridibundus </i>during the incubation period. We studied tracks of 36 individuals breeding in one urban and two rural colonies in Poland. Birds from both rural colonies performed the furthest flights (mean 8-12 km, up to 27 km) foraging mainly in agricultural areas. Gulls from the urban colony performed shorter flights (median 5 km, up to 17 km) visiting mainly urbanized areas and water bodies. We found that females performed longer flights and their flights parameters were less repeatable compared to males. Males from both rural colonies visited water bodies more frequently than females. In all colonies males (but not females) used habitats unproportionally to their availability in the vicinity. Relatively low inter-individual and relatively high intra-individual overlap in home ranges indicated considerable foraging site fidelity. Individuals specialized in the use of particular type of habitat performed shorter foraging flights compared to individuals using diverse habitats during their foraging flights. Our results indicate diverse foraging strategies of black-headed gulls, including generalists that explore various habitats and specialists characterized by high foraging site and habitat fidelity.
Data from: Too salty for you? Changes of diet in the laughing gull nestlings during the growing period
<p>In many seabird and waterbird species, salinity can impose physiological stress on recently hatched chicks because they have a limited capacity to excrete salt loads. In response, parents can select low-salt food for their nestlings in the first stage of their growth. We determined the growth-related variation in the diet of laughing gull <i>Leucophaeus atricilla</i> nestlings by using stable isotope analysis of feathers. Isotopic measurement of <span>hatchling</span> down reflects the mother's diet before laying eggs. At the same time, the primary feather tip indicates the food intake during the initiation of feather growth (one week of age), and the primary feather base indicates the food provided by parents during the period immediately before fledging. δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>13</sup>C values among the feather types showed a spatiotemporal shift in the nestlings' diet. Younger chicks consumed more terrestrial prey sources (<span>weevil beetles </span><i><span>Sphenophorus</span></i> sp.<span>; </span>~51%) than chicks at fledging (~2%). However, fledging chicks and females before egg-laying consumed mostly marine prey sources (Pacific white shrimp <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i> and anchovy <i>Anchoa </i>sp<i>.</i>; > 90%). The base and primary tip portions had similar δ<sup>15</sup>N values, but both sections were less enriched than the hatchling down. This change was diet-related, as the nestlings showed a lower percentage of anchovy consumption (13.3 <i>–</i> 14.7%) compared to females before egg-laying (30.4%). Younger chicks had a different spatial niche than fledglings and females before egg-laying, indicating a diet shift through the chick growth period. Assuming that the availability of food in the terrestrial or marine foraging areas did not vary through the nestlings' growth period (five weeks), our findings support food resource selectivity by parents for their offspring during the first days of life, to reduce the physiological stress caused by high salt loads.</p>
Supplementary data for the article: Parental age does not influence offspring telomeres during early life in common gulls (Larus canus)
<p>R code and data for generating supplementary figures and tables for the article "Parental age does not influence offspring telomeres during early life in common gulls (Larus canus)"</p>
Figure 3 in Breeding review of Gray-hooded Gull Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus in Brazil with contributions on nests and egg biometry
Figure 3. (I) Gray-hooded Gull Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus attacking a Great egret Ardea alba in the Ubatuba lagoon; (II) C. cirrocephalus nesting; (III) First C. cirrocephalus nest with an egg inside and other fallen nearby (highlighted by the yellow circle) after predation attempt by Ardea alba; (IV) Second nest with two eggs in the Ubatuba lagoon, at Restinga de Jurubatiba National Park, Quissamã, on the northern coast of the Rio de Janeiro state.
Figure 2 in Breeding review of Gray-hooded Gull Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus in Brazil with contributions on nests and egg biometry
Figure 2. (I) Juvenile of Gray-hooded Gull (Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus) in Visgueiro lagoon, on December 5th, 2019. (II) Adults with breeding plumage on April 14th, 2019. Both images from Restinga de Jurubatiba National Park, in Quissamã, on the northern coast of the Rio de Janeiro state.
Figure 1 in Breeding review of Gray-hooded Gull Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus in Brazil with contributions on nests and egg biometry
Figure 1. Breeding records of the Gray-hooded Gull (Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus) in Brazil. Nests (circles), breeding pairs (triangle), fledging chicks (square).
Migratory and winter movements of Arctic Alaska breeding Sabine's Gulls (Xema sabini)
<p>The Sabine's Gull (<em>Xema sabini</em>) is a pelagic, Arctic-breeding species with a circumpolar breeding distribution. Little is known about migration routes for Sabine's Gulls breeding in the Alaskan Arctic. We tagged Sabine's Gulls on their northern Alaska breeding grounds to identify migration routes and wintering areas and compare geolocators and GPS pinpoint tags for use on small-bodied gulls. Twelve geolocators were deployed in northern Alaska in 2011 (Colville River Delta) of which four were recovered, and five GPS pinpoint tags in 2021 (Qupaluk). Although the GPS pinpoint tags provided more accurate locations allowing for finer-scale habitat evaluation, and did not require recapture of birds, the overall coverage provided by geolocators was superior in this study given the constraints of the number of locations GPS pinpoint tags can record. Broadly, the four (one tag failed) tracked Sabine's Gulls migrated away from the breeding grounds as expected, passing along the west coast of Alaska and south along the west coast of the Americas to winter in the Humboldt Current off the coast of Peru. Our tracked gulls used the same migratory staging and wintering areas as did Sabine's Gulls breeding in the Canadian Arctic (Davis <em>et al.,</em> 2016). Such reliance on specific marine areas presents risks from climate-related changes or ecological damage to those areas.</p>
Population structure and connectivity among coastal and freshwater Kelp Gull (Larus dominicanus) populations from Patagonia
<p>The genetic identification of significant evolutionary units and information on their connectivity can be used to design effective management and conservation plans. Despite having high dispersal capacity, several seabird species show population structure due to both abiotic and biotic barriers to gene flow. The Kelp Gull is the most abundant species of gull in the southern hemisphere. In Argentina it reproduces in both marine and freshwater environments, with more than 100,000 pairs following a metapopulation dynamic across 140 colonies in the Atlantic coast of Patagonia. However, little is known about the demography and connectivity of inland populations. We aim to provide information on the connectivity of the largest freshwater colonies (those from Nahuel Huapi Lake) with the closest Pacific and Atlantic populations to evaluate if these freshwater colonies are being subsidized by the larger coastal populations. We sampled three geographic regions (Nahuel Huapi Lake and the Atlantic and Pacific coasts) and employed a reduced-representation genomic approach to genotype individuals for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We found, using clustering and phylogenetic analyses, that there are three genetic groups, each corresponding to one of our sampled regions. Individuals from marine environments are more closely related to each other than to those from Nahuel Huapi Lake, indicating that the latter population constitutes the first freshwater Kelp Gull colony to be identified as a significant evolutionary unit in Patagonia.</p>
Short-term dietary changes are reflected in the cerebral content of adult Ring-billed Gulls
<p>Long-chain omega-3s (n3-LCPUFAs) are produced primarily in aquatic ecosystems and are essential for the structural integrity of vertebrates' brains. Carnivorous mammals must consume n3-LCPUFAs throughout their lifespan to maintain optimal cerebral functions; it is unknown whether other taxa are under similar nutritional pressures. This is concerning because many avian predators now rely on anthropogenic foods lacking n3-LCPUFAs. Here, we tested whether a recent or longer-term diet explains the encephalic fatty acid composition of a seabird, the Ring-billed Gull, that now thrives in cities. During the breeding season, rural gulls exploiting marine organisms had significantly higher encephalic levels of n3-LCPUFAs (mean±SD: 32±1%) than city-nesting gulls exploiting garbage (27±1%). Stable isotope analysis of blood and feathers grown during different seasons showed that urban and rural nesters consumed similar fall and winter diets, suggesting that the difference in cerebral n3-LCPUFA of breeding adults was due to concomitant and transient dietary differences. We also experimentally manipulated gulls' diets throughout incubation with a n3-LCPUFA supplement, a n3-LCPUFA-free caloric equivalent, or nothing, and found evidence that supplemental n3-LCPUFA increased urban nesters' cerebral levels of n3-LCPUFAs. These complementary analyses provide strong evidence that the brain of a seabird remains plastic during adulthood and responsive to short-term dietary changes.</p>
Black-tailed Gull GPS foraging trip data and acceleration raw data
Areas at which seabirds forage intensively can be discriminated by tracking the individuals' at-sea movements. However, such tracking data may not accurately reflect the birds' exact foraging locations. In addition to tracking data, gathering information on the dynamic body acceleration of individual birds may refine inferences on their foraging activity. Our aim was to classify the foraging behaviors of surface-feeding seabirds using data on their body acceleration and use this signal to discriminate areas where they forage intensively. Accordingly, we recorded the foraging movements and body acceleration data from seven and ten black-tailed gulls (Larus crassirostris) in 2017 and 2018, respectively, using GPS loggers and accelerometers. By referring to video footage of flying and foraging individuals, we were able to classify flying (flapping flight, gliding, and hovering), foraging (surface plunging, hop plunging, and swimming), and maintenance (drifting, preening, etc.) behaviors using the speed, body angle, and cycle and amplitude of body acceleration of the birds. Foraging areas determined from acceleration data corresponded roughly with sections of low speed and area-restricted searching (ARS) identified from the GPS tracks. However, this study suggests that the occurrence of foraging behaviors may be overestimated based on low-speed trip sections, because birds may exhibit long periods of reduced movement devoted to maintenance. Opposite, the ARS-based approach may underestimate foraging behaviors since birds can forage without conducting an ARS. Therefore, our results show that the combined use of accelerometers and GPS tracking helps to adequately determine the important foraging areas of black-tailed gulls. Our approach may contribute to better discriminate ecologically or biologically significant areas in marine environments.
Fig. 9 in Abundance And Seasonal Migration Of Gulls (Laridae) On The Lithuanian Baltic Sea Coast
Fig. 9. Gull number in the flocks during spring migration on the seacoast of Lithuania
Datasets for: Colony-nesting gulls restrict activity levels of native top carnivore during the breeding season
<p>Although nesting in colonies can offer substantial reproductive benefits for many seabird species, increased visibility to predators remains a significant disadvantage for most colony-breeders. To counteract this, some seabird species have evolved aggressive nest defense strategies to protect vulnerable eggs and chicks. Here we used an experimental approach to test whether colony inhabitance by breeding gulls (<em>Larus</em> spp.) in western Norway impacts visitation rates of a native, mammalian predator, the Eurasian otter (<em>Lutra</em> <em>lutra</em>) during the breeding season. Camera traps were placed inside of and on the periphery of seabird colonies prior to the breeding season and left to run for one continuous year. Sighting frequency of otters on these cameras was compared to a control region free of gull nesting. We found that otter activity was significantly reduced on the colonies when gulls were incubating and rearing chicks, compared to time periods when gulls were building nests and absent from the colonies. Rhythmic activity patterns did not seem to be significantly impacted by the presence of gulls. This study provides clear evidence that certain colony-nesting species can have a direct, negative impact on visitation rates of a native carnivore. Seasonal carnivore activity patterns are likely to be highly dependent on differing nesting strategies and level of nest defense by seabirds.</p>
Limited outbreak of highly pathogenic influenza A(H5N1) virus in a Herring Gull colony, Canada, 2022
<p class="MsoNormal">In summer 2022, highly pathogenic influenza A(H5N1) virus reached the Herring Gull (<em>Larus argentatus</em>) breeding colony on Kent Island, New Brunswick, Canada. Real-time monitoring revealed a self-limiting outbreak with low mortality. Proactive seabird surveillance is crucial for monitoring such limited outbreaks, protecting vulnerable seabirds, and tracing potential zoonotic transmission routes.</p>
Gulls contribute to olive seed dispersal within and among islands in a Mediterranean coastal area
<p><strong>Aim: </strong>To analyse the role of non-frugivorous birds on seed dispersal, seed dispersal by gulls is expected to be especially instrumental in island ecosystems, as these have a smaller subset of frugivores when compared to the mainland, and because long-distance dispersal is required for plant colonization. Here we investigated the seed dispersal of olives by gulls among ten islands of the same archipelago to reveal if gulls contribute to long-distance seed dispersal including different islands, and how gulls' adaptation to domestic olives and individual differences in foraging activities affect their seed dispersal pattern.</p> <p><strong>Location: </strong>Balearic Islands in the Western Mediterranean Sea, Spain</p> <p><strong>Taxon:</strong> Yellow-legged gulls ( <em>Larus michahellis</em>), Domestic and wild Olives ( <em>Olea europaea</em> and <em>O. europaea var.</em> <em>sylvestris</em>)</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We developed seed dispersal models of the two ecotypes of olives dispersed by gulls across an archipelago, based on GPS tracking data, gut passage time, and seed viability.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Mean dispersal distances were 7.67 (±12.48) km in wild and 12.57 (±13.08) km in domestic olives. Seven-point one percent of wild and 8.5% of domestic olives were dispersed among islands. Among these, 8.2% of domestic seeds were transported from large to small islands where gull colonies are located, whereas wild olives were dispersed in more variable directions. Such dispersal pattern of two olive ecotypes were consistent despite the differences in dispersal distances among individuals.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions:</strong> Gulls contributed to long-distance olive seed dispersal including different islands. The seed dispersal of domestic olives to longer distances with specific directions may facilitate colonization and expansion of that variant if the conditions of seed deposition sites are suitable. Our findings indicate that gulls are relevant vectors for long-distance dispersal of large fleshy fruits in island ecosystems where specialist large frugivores are absent.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.