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184 results for “high latitude”
Energy feedbacks of northern high-latitude ecosystems to the climate system due to reduced snow cover during 20th century warming-V
This data file contains data for changes in snow melt, snow return, and total snow cover duration as modeled with the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model for the area north of 50 degrees north latitude around the entire globe for the years 1970-2000. See Euskirchen et al. (2007) for full study details.
Local Adaptation to Freezing in High and Low Latitude Populations of L. tridentata (Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico; Higuerillas, Mexico) and L. divaricata (Bajada del Diablo and Chamical, Argentina) (2006-2009))
If freezing limits establishment of warm desert shrubs at high latitudes, shrubland distributions may be altered as a result of rising global temperatures. However, variation in plant physiology and morphology can be observed across climate gradients and may be acted on by selection to produce adaptation to local climate conditions, thereby ameliorating low temperature stress. Freezing damage in evergreens is closely linked to vessel size distribution because larger xylem conduits are more likely to become air-filled during freezing. In addition, plastic variation, rather than genetic, may be responsible for differences in freezing tolerance among populations. In order to determine if local adaptation to freezing is present in two species of the genus Larrea, L. tridentata and L. divaricata, we investigated xylem vessel size distributions in field grown L. tridentata adults and saplings grown in a common garden from high latitude (Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge) and low latitude (Higuerillas, Mexico) sites in the Chihuahuan Desert in North America. High latitude (Bajada del Diablo, Argentina) and low latitude (Chamical, Argentina) populations of Larrea divaricata were selected for investigation from the Monte Desert in South America.
Improving the representation of high-latitude vegetation distribution in dynamic global vegetation models
<p></p><p>Vegetation is an important component in global ecosystems, affecting the physical, hydrological and biogeochemical properties of the land surface. Accordingly, the way vegetation is parameterised strongly influences predictions of future climate by Earth system models. To capture future spatial and temporal changes in vegetation cover and its feedbacks to the climate system, dynamic global vegetation models (DGVM) are included as important components of land surface models. Variation in the predicted vegetation cover from DGVMs therefore has large impacts on modelled radiative and non-radiative properties, especially over high-latitude regions. DGVMs are mostly evaluated by remotely sensed products, but rarely by other vegetation products or by in-situ field observations. In this study, we evaluate the performance of three methods for spatial representation of vegetation cover with respect to prediction of plant functional type (PFT) profiles – one based upon distribution models (DM), one that uses a remote sensing (RS) dataset and a DGVM (CLM4.5BGCDV). PFT profiles obtained from an independently collected vegetation data set from Norway were used for the evaluation. We found that RS-based PFT profiles matched the reference dataset best, closely followed by DM, whereas predictions from DGVM often deviated strongly from the reference. DGVM predictions overestimated the area covered by boreal needleleaf evergreen trees and bare ground at the expense of boreal broadleaf deciduous trees and shrubs. Based on environmental predictors identified by DM as important, we suggest implementation of three novel PFT-specific thresholds for establishment in the DGVM. We performed a series of sensitivity experiments to demonstrate that these thresholds improve the performance of the DGVM. The results highlight the potential of using PFT-specific thresholds obtained by DM in development and benchmarking of DGVMs for broader regions. Also, we emphasize the potential of establishing DM as a reliable method for providing PFT distributions for evaluation of DGVMs alongside RS. </p><p></p>
Contrasting latitudinal patterns in diversity and stability in a high-latitude species-rich moth community
<p>Aim: Biodiversity is currently undergoing rapid restructuring across the globe. However, the nature of biodiversity change is not well understood, as community-level changes may hide differential responses in individual population trajectories. Here, we quantify spatio-temporal community and stability dynamics using a long-term high-quality moth monitoring dataset. Location: Finland, Northern Europe. Time period: 1993-2012. Major taxa studied: Nocturnal moths (Lepidoptera). Methods: We quantify patterns of change in species richness, total abundance, dominance and temporal variability at different organisational levels over a 20-year period and along a 1100-km latitudinal gradient. We used mixed-effects and linear models to quantify temporal trends for the different community and stability metrics and to test for latitudinal (or longitudinal) effects. Results: We find contrasting patterns for different community metrics, and strong latitudinal patterns. While total moth abundance has declined, species richness has simultaneously increased over the study period, but with rates accelerating with latitude. Additionally, we reveal a latitudinal pattern in temporal variability – the northernmost locations exhibited higher variability over time, as quantified by both metrics of richness and aggregated species populations trends. Main Conclusions: When combined, our findings likely reflect an influx of species expanding their ranges poleward in response to warming. The overall decline in abundance and the latitudinal effect on temporal variability highlight potentially severe consequences of global change for community structure and integrity across high-latitude regions. Importantly, our results underscore that increases in species richness may be paralleled by a loss of individuals, which in turn might affect higher trophic levels. Our findings suggest that the ongoing global species redistribution is affecting both community structure and stability over time, leading to compounded and partly opposing effects of global change depending on what biodiversity dimension we focus on.</p>
Data from Stranger Things: Organismal traits of two octocorals associated with singular Symbiodiniaceae in a high-latitude coral community from northern Taiwan
<p>Scrutinizing the traits of octocorals that could affect their physiological performance becomes increasingly important as several of these species are observed to become dominant on reefs pressured by the Anthropocene. In the present study, we compare the organismal traits of two branching octocorals <em>Litophyton</em><em> </em>sp. and <em>Stereonephthya</em><em> </em>sp. commonly populating in sympatry the high-latitude coral communities of northern Taiwan. Using 13 traits, we describe and compare performance traits in these two symbiotic species that we discuss in light of the association they maintain with their algal partners. <em>Litophyton</em><em> </em>sp. and <em>Stereonephthya</em><em> </em>sp. hosted <em>Durusdinium</em><em> </em>and <em>Gerakladium</em>, respectively. Both genera represent singular associations, with the latter further establishing the first solid report of <em>Gerakladium</em><em> </em>in octocorals. Traits distinguished two groups explained by the two partnerships considered. <em>Litophyton</em><em> </em>sp. associated with <em>Durusdinium</em><em> </em>had significantly higher organic matter, chlorophyll (chl) <em>a</em>, total lipid and lower chl <em>c</em>/chl <em>a</em> ratio than <em>Stereonephthya</em><em> </em>sp. associated with <em>Gerakladium</em>. The δ<sup><sup>15</sup></sup>N in the host and algae, as well as δ<sup><sup>13</sup></sup>C in the host were also higher in <em>Litophyton</em><em> </em>species. Although no significant difference was observed in the δ<sup><sup>13</sup></sup>C of the algae, <em>Litophyton</em><em> </em>sp. presented a significantly higher variance for this trait and for chl <em>a</em> content than <em>Stereonephthya</em><em> </em>species. Altogether, the traits examined suggested contrasting performances among the two octocorals. Both octocoral species clearly deviate from an autotrophic diet. <em>Litophyton</em><em> </em>sp. appears to complement its heterotrophic diet with photosynthetically acquired energy, while <em>Stereonephthya</em><em> </em>sp. tends to be more specialized and benefits relatively little from its symbiotic relationship. Our study calls for greater consideration of the individual variation in octocoral physiology and in the definition of their ecological strategies.</p> <p> </p>
The High-Latitude Extension of Jupiter's Io Torus: Electron Densities Measured by Juno Waves
<p>This is the supporting data set for the paper by the same title published in AGU JGR Space Physics, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029195">10.1029/2021JA029195</a></p> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>We present Jovian electron densities measured by the Juno Waves instrument at high-latitudes on magnetic field lines threading the Io torus using the first 29 orbits of the Juno mission. We infer electron densities from characteristic frequency cutoffs and resonances in plasma wave spectra. There are often times when more than one of the characteristic frequency of the plasma can be identified, whose consistency provides more credibility to the plasma density estimates. The majority of density measurements are on magnetic field lines threading the Io torus and intersecting Jupiter's ionosphere between Io's M-shell and the auroral main oval, but there is evidence of density dropouts near and within the auroral oval, which may be important in auroral particle acceleration. Sharp density gradients are found near the inner edge of the Io torus region. These observations demonstrate the extension of elevated Io torus densities along field lines to higher latitudes. </p> <p><strong>Key Points</strong></p> <ul> <li>We present Jovian electron densities at high-latitudes on magnetic field lines connected to the Io torus and plasma sheet</li> <li>Sharp density gradients are found near the inner edge of the Io torus M-shell</li> <li>Our densities are consistent with partial electron densities measured by Juno's Jovian Auroral Distributions Experiment</li> </ul>
Data from: Assessing spatial patterns of soil erosion in a high‐latitude rangeland
<p>High‐latitude areas are experiencing rapid change: we therefore need a better understanding of the processes controlling soil erosion in these environments. We used a spatiotemporal approach to investigate soil erosion in Svalbarðstunga, Iceland (66° N, 15° W), a degraded rangeland. We used three complementary datasets: 1) high‐resolution UAV imagery collected from 12 sites (total area ~0.75 km<sup>2</sup>); 2) historical imagery of the same sites; and 3) a simple, spatially‐explicit cellular automata model. Sites were located along a gradient of increasing altitude and distance from the sea, and varied in erosion severity (5–47% eroded). We found that there was no simple relationship between location along the environmental gradient and the spatial characteristics of erosion. Patch‐size frequency distributions lacked a characteristic scale of variation, but followed a power‐law distribution on five of the 12 sites. Present total eroded area is poorly related to current, site‐scale levels of environmental stress, but the number of small erosion patches did reflect site‐level stress. Small (< 25 m<sup>2</sup>) erosion patches clustered near large patches. The model results suggested that the large‐scale patterns observed likely arise from strong, local interactions, which mean that erosion spreads from degraded areas. Our findings suggest that contemporary erosion patterns reflect historical stresses, as well as current environmental conditions. The importance of abiotic processes to the growth of large erosion patches and their relative insensitivity to current environmental conditions makes it likely that the total eroded area will continue to increase, despite a warming climate and reducing levels of grazing pressure.</p>
HIWIND Balloon and Antarctica Jang Bogo FPI High Latitude Conjugate Thermospheric Wind Observations and Simulations
The data files contain thermospheric wind observations and simulations at JBS observatory and HIWIND.
Data from: A unique Late Cretaceous fossil wood assemblage from Chilean Patagonia provides clues to high-latitude continental environment
<p>Fossil plants, including large trunks, stems, some branches, and twigs, were collected from the Maastrichtian (68.9 Mya), upper Dorotea Formation in the Magallanes/Austral Basin, 16 km north of the Cerro Guido-Las Chinas complex in the southern Chilean Magallanes region. These fossil trunks range from 0.2 m to 2.2 m in length. Petrographic slides were made in three sections (transverse, radial, and tangential) and analysed under a light microscope to study the permineralised fossils. The woods and stems belong to Austroginkgoxylon gen. et sp. nov., Agathoxylon antarcticum, Podocarpoxylon paradoxi sp. nov., Podocarpoxylon mazzonii, Palmoxylon subantarcticae, and Nothomalvaceoxylon magallanense gen.et sp. nov. The growth rings of gymnosperms and anatomical characters of angiosperms were analysed to obtain palaeoecological data. Interactions between gymnosperm roots growing into the secondary xylem of an angiosperm (nurse logs) are recorded. The data obtained from the fossil woods suggest warm and humid conditions in this southern South American locality during the Late Cretaceous, providing a unique opportunity to study continental environments at high southern latitudes, which are poorly represented on a global scale.</p>
Effect of Long-Range Transported Fire Aerosols on Cloud Condensation Nuclei Concentrations and Cloud Properties at High Latitudes
<p>The tab-delimited files contain Aerosol chemical composition data, size distribution data measured by AMS, ACSM, MAAP, and SMPS, and DMPS at the SMEAR IV station (Puijo) and the Zepplein observatory (Zep) . Please read the file named 'Information.txt' for more details about the files.</p>
CH4 top-down emissions from three high-latitude Arctic regions.
<p>This dataset contains top-down emissions from three high-latitude Arctic regions (the North Slope of Alaska, the East Siberian Lowlands and the Taymyr Peninsula) using three different priors. Emissions were used in the publication "Ward et al., 2024 - Increasing methane emissions and widespread cold-season release from high-Arctic regions detected through atmospheric measurements" in review with JGR:Atmospheres. </p> <p>Top-down emissions were derived using the RHIME inverse model from the University of Bristol's Atmopsheric Chemistry Research Group. For more details on the model, inputs and region definitions please see the above publication.</p>
Data from: Rapid climate change increases diversity and homogenizes composition of coastal fish at high latitudes
<p>Rapid warming at high latitudes triggers poleward shifts of species' distributions that impact marine biodiversity. In the open sea, the documented redistributions of fish lead to a borealization of Arctic fauna. A climate driven borealization and increased species diversity at high latitudes is also expected in coastal fish communities, but it has not been previously documented on a large, biogeographic scale. Here, we investigate the impact of temperature change over the last 25 years on fish communities along the coast of Norway. The study area, spanning different ecoclimatic zones between 62° and 71° N, harbors over 200 species of boreal and Arctic fish. Several of these fish species are harvested by coastal and indigenous communities, influencing settlements geography and livelihood. The long-term data on coastal water temperatures and fish species were obtained from monitoring stations and scientific surveys. Water temperature measured at three fixed sampling stations distributed along the coast show increased temperatures during the study period. The fish species distribution and abundance data were obtained from the annually standardized scientific bottom trawl survey program. Fish species richness, which was highest in the south, increased with warming first in the south and then, gradually, further north, eventually affecting biodiversity in the whole study area. Fish community composition showed a distinct latitudinal pattern early in the study, with Arctic fish species confined north and boreal species dominating south. The poleward shifts eventually eroded this zoogeographic pattern, resulting in more boreal fish species in the north and an increased homogenization of species composition along the Norwegian coast. The climate-driven reorganization of fish communities affects coastal ecosystems that are exposed to fisheries, aquaculture and other rapidly expanding human activities, stressing the urgent need for a climate adaptation of integrated coastal management.</p>
Relative Contributions of Field-Aligned Currents and Particle Precipitation to the Inter-Hemispheric Asymmetry at High Latitudes During 2015 St. Patrick Day Storm
<p>Data for Space Weather paper "Relative Contributions of Field-Aligned Currents and Particle Precipitation to the Inter-Hemispheric Asymmetry at High Latitudes During 2015 St. Patrick Day Storm". </p>
Spatial distributions of XCO2 seasonal cycle amplitude and phase over northern high-latitude regions
<p>This dataset is the GEOS-Chem model output used in the following publication, <br> Jacobs, N., Simpson, W. R., Graham, K. A., Holmes, C., Hase, F., Blumenstock, T., Tu, Q., Frey, M., Dubey, M. K., Parker, H. A., Wunch, D., Kivi, R., Heikkinen, P., Notholt, J., Petri, C., and Warneke, T.: Spatial distributions of <em>X<sub>CO</sub></em><sub>2</sub> seasonal cycle amplitude and phase over northern high latitude regions, <em>Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.</em> [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-185, in review, 2021.</p> <p>The version 2 zip file contains three directories.<br> CO2_tracers_daily/GEOSChem.taggedCO2.YYYYMMDD.nc files: this directory contains the CO<sub>2</sub> simulation as defined by Jacobs et al. (2021). YYYY indicates year, MM indicates month, and DD indicates day.<br> CO2_tracers_monthly/GEOSChem.taggedCO2.YYYYMM.nc files: this directory contains the CO<sub>2</sub> simulation as defined by Jacobs et al. (2021). YYYY indicates year and MM indicates month.<br> TT_tracers/GEOSChem.TTtagged.YYYYMM.nc files: this directory contains the tagged tracers simulation as defined by Jacobs et al. (2021). YYYY indicates year and MM indicates month.</p> <p>The version 1 zip file contains only the monthly mean directories.</p>
Transient amplification enhances the persistence of tropicalising coral assemblages in marginal high latitude environments
<p>Predicting the viability of species exposed to increasing climatic stress requires an appreciation for the mechanisms underpinning the success or failure of marginal populations. Rather than traditional metrics of long-term population performance, here we illustrate that short-term (<em>i.e.</em>, transient) demographic characteristics, including measures of resistance, recovery, and compensation, are fundamental in the poleward range expansion of hard corals, facilitating the establishment of coral populations at higher latitudes. Through the annual census of tropical and subtropical <em>Acropora</em> spp. colonies in Japan between 2017-2019, we show how enhanced transient amplification (<em>i.e.</em>, short-term increases in population growth following disturbance) supports the persistence of coral assemblages within more variable high-latitude environments. The transient dynamics of both the tropical and subtropical assemblages were strongly influenced by their corresponding recruitment patterns. However, we demonstrate that variation in colony survival and fragmentation patterns between the two assemblages determines their relative capacities for transient amplification. This latitudinal variation in the transient dynamics of <em>Acropora</em> spp. assemblages emphasises that coral populations can possess the demographic plasticity necessary for exploiting more variable, marginal conditions.</p>
A combined microbial and biogeochemical dataset from high-latitude ecosystems with respect to methane cycle
<p><span>High latitudes are experiencing intense ecosystem changes with climate warming. The underlying methane (CH4) cycling dynamics remain unresolved, despite its crucial climatic feedback. Atmospheric CH4 emissions are heterogeneous, resulting from local geochemical drivers, global climatic factors, and microbial production/consumption balance. Holistic studies are mandatory to capture CH4 cycling complexity. Here, we report a large set of integrated microbial and biogeochemical data from 396 samples, using a concerted sampling strategy and experimental protocols. The study followed international standards to ensure inter-comparisons of data amongst three high-latitude regions: Alaska, Siberia and Patagonia. The dataset encompasses different representative environmental features (e.g. lake, wetland, tundra, forest soil) of these high-latitude sites and their respective heterogeneity (e.g. characteristic microtopographic patterns). The data included physicochemical parameters, greenhouse gas concentrations and emissions, organic matter characterization, trace elements and nutrients, isotopes, microbial quantification and composition. This dataset addresses the need for a robust physicochemical framework to conduct and contextualize future research on the interactions between climate change, biogeochemical cycles and microbial communities at high-latitudes.</span></p>
Importance of high-latitude sources for ice-nucleating particles in cold-air outbreaks and the implications for cloud-phase feedback
<p>This dataset contains FLEXPART results and codes for data analysis and visualization used in the MRes research project. </p> <p>Numpy arrays for FLEXPART data are in "data_flexpart.zip" with longitude and latitude coordination files.</p> <p>Codes for data analysis and visualization are in "ipynb.zip". Codes were written in Python language. Codes are categorized by figures in the article. </p>
Some atmospheric model fields shown in paper titled "E3SMv0-HiLAT: A Modified Climate System Model Targeted for the Study of High Latitude Processes
<p>These files contain 2-D fields of atmospheric T and P maps, as climatologies averaged over years 234-253 of the E3SMv0-HiLAT model preindustrial simulation, and from the CESM Large Ensemble control simulation (LENS), the basis for two of the plots in our manuscript that is, as of January 2019, in review at JAMES. All of these data files are binary, written sequentially, 288 x 192. Also included are some PowerPoint-generated pdf images of the two fields.</p>
Comparison of Species Composition and Climate Drivers in High-Latitude Alpine Ecosystems and High-Altitude Alpine Ecosystems
<p>Plot-wise data of two distinct alpine ecosystems: the High-Latitude Alpine Ecosystems (HLAE) of Hardangervidda National Park.</p>
Scaling the high latitudes: evolution, diversification, and dispersal of Coryphella nudibranchs across the Northern Hemisphere
<p>Supplementary material for the paper </p> <p>Irina A. Ekimova, Dimitry M. Schepetov, Brenna Green, Maria V. Stanovova, Tatiana I. Antokhina, Terrence Gosliner, Manuel Antonio E. Malaquias, Ángel Valdés,<br>Scaling the high latitudes: evolution, diversification, and dispersal of Coryphella nudibranchs across the Northern Hemisphere,<br>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 2024, 108214,https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108214</p> <p>Table S1. Specimens used in the present study with information on vouchers and GB accession numbers.</p> <p>Table S2. Best-fit models for each gene dataset and fragment length (bp)</p> <p>Table S3. Results of model test in ancestral area reconstruction analysis implemented in RASP</p> <p>Table S4. Distribution and ecological traits of <em>Coryphella</em> species.</p> <p>Table S5. Results of population analyses: pairwise Gst, Dst and Fst for <em>Coryphella verrucosa</em> populations.</p> <p>Table S6. Morphological traits of all currently accepted <em>Coryphella</em> species</p> <p>Data S1. Protocols for DNA extraction, amplification, sequencing</p> <p>Data S2. Unedited ML and BI concatenated trees, alignment without <em>Coryphella verta</em></p> <p>Data S3. Unedited ML and BI concatenated trees, alignment with <em>Coryphella verta</em></p> <p>Figure S1. Molecular phylogenetic hypothesis based on the Maximum Likelihood analysis, concatenated dataset of five markers (COI + 16S + H3 + 28S + 18S), the dataset includes tropical Atlantic <em>Coryphella verta</em>. Species-level clades and outgroups are collapsed to a single branch. Numbers above branches indicate posterior probabilities from Bayesian Inference, numbers below branches – bootstrap support from Maximum Likelihood.</p> <p>Figure S2. Molecular phylogenetic hypothesis based on the Maximum Likelihood analysis, concatenated dataset of four markers (COI + 16S + H3 + 28S). Numbers above branches bootstrap support from Maximum Likelihood.</p> <p>Figure S3. Molecular phylogenetic hypothesis based on the Bayesian Inference, concatenated dataset of four markers (COI + 16S + H3 + 28S). Numbers above branches indicate posterior probabilities from Bayesian Inference.</p> <p>Figure S4. Results of phylogeographic analysis of trans-Arctic <em>C. verrucosa</em> <em>(a)</em>, <em>C. nobilis</em> <em>(b)</em>, <em>C. amabilis / C. gracilis</em> <em>(c)</em>, based on the Coalescent approach from BEAST for the COI dataset using the tentative group-specific divergence rates of 6.1% My−1 for gastropods. Coding of each collection locality is given on the upper left, same localities were tested in the Ancestral area reconstruction analysis (AAR). For respective deep nodes the results of AAR are given, and divergent time estimates are displayed on respective nodes with error bars for node ages of 95% highest posterior density intervals. Colored dots in respective terminals indicate the collection locality for each specimen. Grey-shaded blocks indicate interglacial periods HOL (Holocene, Marine Isotope Stage 1 (M1)): 0-10 Kya, LIG (Last Intergracial, M5): 115-130 Kya, LBI (La Bouchet Interglacial (M7): 190-205 and 230-242 Kya, PI (Purfleet Interglacial, M9): 300-337 Kya, HI (Hoxonian Interglacial, M11): 374-424 Kya, M13 (Marine Isotope stage 13): 474-524 Kya. X-axis shows dating in Kya on A, B and in Mya on C.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.