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171 results for “home range”
Long-term movements and home range changes: rapid territory shifts in meerkats
<p>1. Territoriality and stable home ranges are a common space use pattern among animals. These ranges provide its inhabitants with important resources and thus favourable territories are associated with an increased fitness. While the role of territory quality and changes of territory ownership have often been investigated, the changes of territorial boundaries have been less studied.</p> <p>2. Here we investigated space use changes in a social mammal species, applying a novel analytical approach, calculating long-term dissimilarity in space use using distance matrices based on periodic utilization distributions. This approach makes it possible to identify different space use patterns, which cannot be distinguished by only considering changes between consecutive time periods.</p> <p>3. We analysed meerkat (Suricata suricatta) movements of a total of 24 different groups over a 16-year period, resulting in 134 group years. We then correlated the identified home range changes to life history events and possible environmental drivers.</p> <p>4. Groups had stable territories for several years before they abandoned their home range mostly to move quickly to new areas where they again remained for several years. Of 26 identified sudden shifts, 22 occurred in the summer months and often involved distances larger than the original home range size. Home-range movements that were close together in time were often also spatially clustered and moved in a similar direction. These shifts were often preceded by more frequent interactions between groups, but did not seem to be a product of direct displacements by other groups. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) as a measure of food production and social factors such as dominance changes did not correlate to changes.</p> <p>5. Against our expectation space use changes were not accumulations of small changes, but more often involved long distance moves into unknown ranges. This means that the groups enter areas where they cannot profit from local knowledge. The methods used identifies episodes of long stability alternated by sudden changes in meerkats and in general provides insight into long-term space use. Our methods can be used to analyse long-term space use, either within or across species.</p>
Data from: Overcoming the challenge of small effective sample sizes in home-range estimation
Technological advances have steadily increased the detail of animal tracking datasets, yet fundamental data limitations exist for many species that cause substantial biases in home‐range estimation. Specifically, the effective sample size of a range estimate is proportional to the number of observed range crossings, not the number of sampled locations. Currently, the most accurate home‐range estimators condition on an autocorrelation model, for which the standard estimation frame‐works are based on likelihood functions, even though these methods are known to underestimate variance—and therefore ranging area—when effective sample sizes are small. Residual maximum likelihood (REML) is a widely used method for reducing bias in maximum‐likelihood (ML) variance estimation at small sample sizes. Unfortunately, we find that REML is too unstable for practical application to continuous‐time movement models. When the effective sample size N is decreased to N ≤ urn:x-wiley:2041210X:media:mee313270:mee313270-math-0001(10), which is common in tracking applications, REML undergoes a sudden divergence in variance estimation. To avoid this issue, while retaining REML's first‐order bias correction, we derive a family of estimators that leverage REML to make a perturbative correction to ML. We also derive AIC values for REML and our estimators, including cases where model structures differ, which is not generally understood to be possible. Using both simulated data and GPS data from lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris), we show how our perturbative estimators are more accurate than traditional ML and REML methods. Specifically, when urn:x-wiley:2041210X:media:mee313270:mee313270-math-0002(5) home‐range crossings are observed, REML is unreliable by orders of magnitude, ML home ranges are ~30% underestimated, and our perturbative estimators yield home ranges that are only ~10% underestimated. A parametric bootstrap can then reduce the ML and perturbative home‐range underestimation to ~10% and ~3%, respectively. Home‐range estimation is one of the primary reasons for collecting animal tracking data, and small effective sample sizes are a more common problem than is currently realized. The methods introduced here allow for more accurate movement‐model and home‐range estimation at small effective sample sizes, and thus fill an important role for animal movement analysis. Given REML's widespread use, our methods may also be useful in other contexts where effective sample sizes are small.
Data from: Disparate home range dynamics reflect nutritional inadequacies on summer range for a large herbivore
<p>The spatial distribution of animals has consequences for nutrition, predator-prey dynamics, spread of diseases, and population dynamics in general. Animals must establish a home range to secure adequate resources to fuel their energetic needs. Home ranges, therefore, are temporally and spatially dynamic given the changing requirements of an animal and the availability of resources on the landscape. We used data from two populations of bighorn sheep with contrasting population dynamics following pneumonia epizootics and different habitat quality on their summer range to test the hypothesis that the distribution and size of home ranges are influenced by environmental conditions and reproductive status. We used a combination of data from 768 vegetation transects and remotely sensed metrics to index forage quality of consecutive biweekly home ranges for 27 bighorn sheep, June–August 2019–2021. There were population differences in space use that were consistent with resource limitations in the population declining in abundance. Animals in both populations increased the area of their space use through the summer in association with declining forage quality indexed by plant phenology. Furthermore, animals in the Whiskey Mountain population without live offspring used areas more than twice the size of animals with offspring, whereas there were no differences in the area of space use between animals with and without offspring in Jackson. We demonstrated that limitations young offspring impose on space use of a mother may have consequences for animals living where larger home ranges are needed to secure adequate resources—sheep in Whiskey Mountain had to travel 1,000 m from escape terrain to access the same amount of biomass that the Jackson sheep could access directly adjacent to escape terrain. Forage quality and availability influence movement and home range dynamics. In the presence of disease, movement and home range dynamics may influence pathogen transmission and persistence. Thus, forage availability may play an indirect role in population dynamics in the presence of disease, which is another line of evidence for how environmental and nutritional conditions may influence population dynamics of populations coping with disease.</p>
Maternal effects of climate warming and nitrogen deposition vary with home and introduced ranges
<p>Maternal effects allow offspring to cope with changing environments. While the immediate effects of climate warming and nitrogen (N) deposition are well documented, their maternal effects have been little studied. We conducted a 6-year maternal experiment with <i>Solidago canadensis</i>, native to North America and invasive in China, and two offspring experiments to address how maternal warming, maternal N-addition and population source interacted to influence offspring performance. Maternal effects of warming and N-addition on seed traits, leaf dry matter content, and whole-plant biomass were stronger in <i>S. canadensis</i> offspring from China than in offspring from North America. Matched maternal-offspring environments allowed offspring to perform better compared to mismatched environments; offspring grown under warming flowered and produced seeds within a growing season only when their maternal plants were previously exposed to warming. Offspring environments influenced its performance and also modulated maternal effects. We suggest that the maternal effects of simulated climate warming and N deposition could vary ranges, and our findings imply that maternal warming could advance the reproductive phenology of offspring.</p>
Extreme home range sizes among Eurasian lynx at the northern edge of their biogeographic range
<p>Eurasian lynx (<em>Lynx</em> <em>lynx</em>) have a wide distribution across Eurasia. The northern edge of this distribution is in Norway, where they reach up to 72 degrees north. We conducted a study of lynx space use in this region from 2007 to 2013 using GPS telemetry. The home range sizes averaged 2,606 (± 438 SE) km<sup>2</sup> for males (n=9 ranges) and 1,456 (± 179 SE) km<sup>2</sup> for females (n=24 ranges). These are the largest home ranges reported for any large felid, and indeed are only matched by polar bears, arctic living wolves, and grizzly bears among all the Carnivora. The habitat occupied was almost entirely treeless alpine tundra, with home ranges only containing from 20 to 25% of forest. These data have clear implications for the spatial planning of lynx management in the far north as the current management zones are located in unsuitable habitats and are not large enough to encompass individual lynx movements.</p>
Fig. 2 in Home Ranges Of The Red Fox, Vulpes Vulpes (Carnivora, Canidae) And European Badger, Meles Meles (Carnivora, Mustelidae), In Oak Forests Of Slobozhanshchyna, Ukraine
Fig. 2. Examples of determination the family home range boundaries in 1) foxes and 2) badgers.
Fig. 5 in Home Ranges Of The Red Fox, Vulpes Vulpes (Carnivora, Canidae) And European Badger, Meles Meles (Carnivora, Mustelidae), In Oak Forests Of Slobozhanshchyna, Ukraine
Fig. 5. Fox family home ranges in May–June in 2007-2009 and 2011 in Gomilshanski Lisy NNP.
Fig. 2 in Interspecific Interactions as a Factor of Limitation of Geographical Distribution: Evidence Obtained by Modeling Home Ranges of Vole Twin Species Microtus Arvalis – M. Levis (Rodentia, Microtidae)
Fig. 2. Potential distribution of the East European vole (Microtus levis). Captions as in fig.1.
Fig. 2 in Home Range Of The Spur-Thighed Tortoise, Testudo Graeca (Testudines, Testudinidae), In The National Park Of El-Kala, Algeria
Fig. 2. View of the study area with different habitats.
Fig. 1 in Home Range Of The Spur-Thighed Tortoise, Testudo Graeca (Testudines, Testudinidae), In The National Park Of El-Kala, Algeria
Fig. 1. Location of the study site in the National Park of El Kala, in north-eastern Algeria.
Fig. 3 in Home Range Of The Spur-Thighed Tortoise, Testudo Graeca (Testudines, Testudinidae), In The National Park Of El-Kala, Algeria
Fig. 3. Tortoises locations (A) in relation to Dwarf palm distribution (B) on the study site.
Fig. 3 in Spatial Organization And Home Range Of Apodemus Flavicollis And A. Agrarius On Mt. Avala, Serbia
Fig. 3. Home range (HR) areas of A. flavicollis and A. agrarius
Fig. 2 in Spatial Organization And Home Range Of Apodemus Flavicollis And A. Agrarius On Mt. Avala, Serbia
Fig. 2. Observed range length (ORL) values of A. flavicollis and A. agrarius
Figure 2 in Red deer on the move: home range size and mobility in Bulgaria
Figure 2. Sedated and collared individuals
The ecology of suburban juvenile European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus). Supplementary data set for home range calculations.
<p>The complete data set on which we based the home range calculations on in our paper: The ecology of suburban juvenile European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) in Denmark, Ecology and Evolution.</p>
Memory drives the formation of animal home ranges: evidence from a reintroduction -- dataset
<p>Publicly available dataset for:</p> <p>N. Ranc, F. Cagnacci & P.R. Moorcroft. In Press. Memory drives the formation of animal home ranges: evidence from a reintroduction. Ecology Letters.</p> <p> </p> <p>The dataset contains the following fields:</p> <p>- animal_id: unique roe deer identifier.<br> - x: x position (spatial projection system: LAEA Europe, EPSG 3035; relative to the origin of the environmental rasters; missing data indicated by -9999).<br> - y: y position.</p> <p> </p> <p>The modelling code and instructions can be found a separate Zenodo/GitHub repository (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5208215).</p>
Fig. 1 in Home range and activity patterns of Sunda scops owl in Peninsular Malaysia
Fig. 1. Location of Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve, Selangor, Peninsular Malaysia.
Data from: Eastern Whip-poor-wills have larger nonbreeding home ranges in areas with more agriculture and forest fragmentation
<p>Migratory bird populations can be limited by events in disparate parts of the world. Birds in tropical regions are facing rapid habitat loss, climate change, and intensive agricultural regimes, potentially contributing to population declines. However, an understanding of basic non-breeding ecology of species, such as habitat and space use, is critical for determining if this is the case. Populations of the nocturnal/crepuscular Eastern Whip-poor-will (<em>Antrostomus</em> <em>vociferus</em>) have declined by 70% since the 1960's, yet data on the species are sparse outside of the breeding season. We extracted data from 41 archival GPS tags deployed on whip-poor-wills and estimated non-breeding home ranges and land covers used. We used satellite imagery and stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values from claws grown during the non-breeding season to analyze how land cover and habitat moisture impacted home range size and relative trophic level. Forest was by far the most prevalent land cover used by whip-poor-wills, occurring in all home ranges and accounting for >80% of diurnal roosting points. We found that less forest, the presence of agriculture, and more edge (irrespective of land cover) were associated with larger home ranges. Stable isotope values differed by broadscale ecoregion but not local land cover characteristics in our study, indicating that regional idiosyncrasies or broadscale processes can be more important in determining stable isotope ratios. Our findings suggest that the loss, fragmentation, and replacement of forest by agriculture in the core of the whip-poor-will's non-breeding range may represent a threat to the species, as they rely heavily upon forest, and appear to alter space use in response to changes in forest cover.</p>
Reductions in home-range size and social interactions among dehorned black rhinoceroses (Diceros bicornis)
<div> <p>Poaching for horns and tusks is driving declines of megaherbivores worldwide, including the critically endangered African black rhinoceros (<em>Diceros</em> <em>bicornis</em>). By proactively dehorning entire rhinoceros populations, conservationists aim to deter poaching and prevent species loss. However, such conservation interventions may have hidden and underestimated effects on animals' behavior and ecology. Here, we combine >15 y of black rhino–monitoring data across 10 South African game reserves, comprising >24,000 sightings of 368 individuals, to determine the consequences of dehorning for black rhino space use and social interactions. While preventative dehorning at these reserves coincided with a nationwide decrease in black rhino mortality from poaching and did not infer increased natural mortality, dehorned black rhinos decreased their home range area by, on average, 11.7 km<sup>2</sup> (45.5%) and were 37% less likely to engage in social encounters. We conclude that dehorning black rhinos as an antipoaching measure alters their behavioral ecology, although the potential population-level effects of these changes remain to be determined.</p> </div>
Pilot Study 3 of Outpatient Control-to-Range: Safety and Efficacy With Day-and-Night In-Home Use
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02137512. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 4. Publications: 1.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.