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283 results for “host-plants”
Data from: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities shaped by host-plant affect the outcome of plant-soil feedback in dryland restoration
<p><span>1. Plant inoculation with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can be a useful tool to overcome challenges in dry forest restoration. However, advances are still needed to guide choices regarding soil origin and inoculum production methods, since outcomes can vary due to plant-soil feedbacks (PSF). We evaluate how soil origin and host plant used for inoculum production affect AMF community and therefore the plant biomass accumulation and functional traits.</span></p> <p><span>2. In the conditioning phase, we investigated whether soils originating from a recovered area (Quarry) and a vegetation fragment (Caatinga) would have their AMF communities modified due to the growth of </span><span>Sorghum bicolor</span><span> (used for inoculum production) and </span><span>Senna uniflora</span><span> (used in Brazilian semiarid restoration). In the feedback phase, we compared the performance of four plants species growing on a degraded soil and inoculated or not by a mixture of AMF isolates in comparison to soil inoculum prepared from the conditioning phase.</span></p> <p><span>3. The inoculum from Caatinga presented seven times more AMF species compared to that from the Quarry, which presented ruderal and stress tolerant species. The soil inoculum conditioned by </span><span>S. uniflora</span><span>, regardless of origin, presented greater evenness compared to the soil inoculum produced with </span><span>S. bicolor</span><span> and promoted 33% more plant biomass compared to the control without inoculation. Root colonization by AMF increased PSF and decreased plant investment in functional traits such as specific root length (SRL) and specific leaf area (SLA).</span></p> <p><span>4. Our results demonstrate the importance of adopting strategies that preserve local adaptation of inoculants produced. The use of native plant for propagation of native AMF in the conditioning phase provided more positive responses for </span><span>Mesosphaerum suaveolens</span><span> and </span><span>Rhaphiodon echinus</span><span> than inoculated with introduced AMF isolates. This is probably due to the interaction of inoculated plants with responsive AMF present in the soil.</span></p> <p><span>5. Synthesis and applications</span><span>:</span><span> Our study shows that conditioning field-collected soil with </span><span>S. uniflora</span><span> and using it for inoculation can be a simple technique to promote biomass accumulation for other native herbaceous species. This preserves the compatibility between the soil inoculum produced with native AMF and native plants, representing an important tool for restoration programs</span><span>. </span></p>
Population-specific responses of an insect herbivore to variation in host-plant quality
<p>Anthropogenic climate change poses a substantial challenge to many organisms, to which they need to respond to avoid fitness reductions. Investigating responses to environmental change is particularly interesting in herbivores, as they are potentially affected by indirect effects mediated via variation in host-plant quality. We here use the herbivorous insect <i>Pieris napi</i> to investigate geographic variation in the response to variation in food quality. We performed a common garden experiment using replicated populations from Germany and Italy, and manipulating host quality by growing host plants at different temperature and water regimes. We found that feeding on plants grown at a higher temperature generally diminished the performance of <i>P. napi</i>, evidenced by a prolonged development time and reduced larval growth rate, body mass, fat content, and phenoloxidase activity. Genotype by environment interactions (G x E) were present in several performance traits, indicating that Italian populations (1) respond more strongly to variation in host-plant quality and (2) are more sensitive to poor food quality than German ones. This may reflect a cost of the rapid lifestyle found in Italian populations. Consequently, German populations may be more resilient against environmental perturbations and may perhaps even benefit from warmer temperatures, while Italian populations will likely suffer from the concomitantly reduced host-plant quality. Our study thus exemplifies how investigating G x E may help to better understand the vulnerability of populations to climate change.</p>
Data from: Introduced bees (Osmia cornifrons) collect pollen from both coevolved and novel host-plant species within their family-level phylogenetic preferences
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Population-specific responses of an insect herbivore to variation in host-plant quality
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Data from: Patterns of genetic variation among geographic and host-plant associated populations of the peach fruit moth Carposina sasakii (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae)
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Data from: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities shaped by host-plant affect the outcome of plant-soil feedback in dryland restoration
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FIGURES 1–6 in Taxonomic confusion among gall-thrips and host-plants, with three new combinations from the genus Austrothrips (Thysanoptera, Phlaeothripidae)
FIGURES 1–6. Ocnothrips cochinchinensis. (1) head; (2) antenna; (3) pelta and tergites I–II; (4) pronotum; (5) mes and metanotum; (6) type slides.
Data from: Host-plant use of a polyphagous mirid, Apolygus lucorum: molecular evidence from migratory individuals
While the host-plant use of insect herbivores is important for understanding their interactions and coevolution, field evidence of these preferences is limited for generalist species. Molecular diet analysis provides an effective option for gaining such information, but data from field-sampled individuals are often greatly affected by the local composition of their host plants. The polyphagous mirid bug Apolygus lucorum (Meyer-Dür) seasonally migrates across the Bohai Sea, and molecular analysis of migrant bugs collected on crop-free islands can be used to estimate the host-plant use of A. lucorum across the large area (northern China) from where these individuals come. In this study, the host-plant use of A. lucorum adults was determined by identifying plant DNA using a three-locus DNA barcode (rbcL, trnH-psbA and ITS) in the gut of migrant individuals collected on Beihuang Island. We successfully identified the host plant families of A. lucorum adults, and the results indicated that captured bugs fed on at least 17 plant families. In addition, gut analyses revealed that 35.9% of A. lucorum individuals fed on multiple host plants but that most individuals (64.1%) fed on only one plant species. Cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., DNA was found in 35.8% of the A. lucorum bugs examined, which was much higher than the percentage of bugs in which other host plants were found. Our work provides a new understanding of multiple host-plant use by A. lucorum under natural conditions, and these findings are available for developing effective management strategies against this polyphagous pest species.
FIGURES 377–380 in Taxonomy and host-plant relationships of the psyllid genus Mitrapsylla (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae) in Brazil
FIGURES 377–380. Distribution of Mitrapsylla in Brazil: 377. M. hamata sp. nov. (square), holocalycis sp. nov. (circle), M. itacoatiara sp. nov. (triangle), M. itaparica (Crawford) (rhombus), M. longicauda Brown & Hodkinson (inverted triangle); 378. M. machaerii sp. nov. (triangle), M. megacerca Burckhardt & Queiroz (square), M. melanothorax sp. nov. (circle), M. ochra sp. nov. (rhombus), M. pallida sp. nov. (inverted triangle); 379. M. periandrae sp. nov. (triangle), M. pterodontis sp. nov. (rhombus), M. pterogynis sp. nov. (square), M. repens Burckhardt & Queiroz (circle), M. securigera sp. nov. (inverted triangle); 380. M. soror sp. nov. (square), M. truncata sp. nov. (inverted triangle), M. villosi sp. nov. (triangle), M. viridis Burckhardt & Queiroz (circle), M. xanthoptera sp. nov. (rhombus). For abbreviations of state names see Fig. 1.
FIGURES 363–372 in Taxonomy and host-plant relationships of the psyllid genus Mitrapsylla (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae) in Brazil
FIGURES 363–372. Mitrapsylla spp., female subgenital plate, ventral view: 363. M. ochra sp. nov.; 364. M. pallida sp. nov.; 365. M. periandrae sp. nov.; 366. M. pterodontis sp. nov.; 367. M. pterogynis sp. nov.; 368. M. securigera sp. nov.; 369. M. soror sp. nov.; 370. M. truncata sp. nov.; 371. M. villosi sp. nov.; 372. M. xanthoptera sp. nov.
FIGURES 337–342 in Taxonomy and host-plant relationships of the psyllid genus Mitrapsylla (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae) in Brazil
FIGURES 337–342. Mitrapsylla spp., female terminalia, lateral view: 337. M. pterogynis sp. nov.; 338. M. securigera sp. nov.; 339. M. soror sp. nov.; 340. M. truncata sp. nov.; 341. M. villosi sp. nov.; 342. M. xanthoptera sp. nov. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 343–362 in Taxonomy and host-plant relationships of the psyllid genus Mitrapsylla (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae) in Brazil
FIGURES 343–362. Mitrapsylla spp., female subgenital plate, ventral view: 343. M. aeschynomenis sp. nov.; 344. M. amazonica sp. nov.; 345. M. andirae sp. nov.; 346. M. aurantia sp. nov., 347. M. brevigenis sp. nov.; 348. M. cassiae sp. nov.; 349. M. ceplaciensis (White & Hodkinson); 350. M. clavata sp. nov.; 351. M. cubana Crawford; 352. M. cujabensis sp. nov.; 353. M. cuspidata sp. nov.; 354. M. didyma sp. nov.; 355. M. domahovskii sp. nov.; 356. M. halbertae sp. nov.; 357. M. hamata sp. nov.; 358. M. holocalycis sp. nov.; 359. M. itacoatiara sp. nov.; 360. M. itaparica (Crawford); 361. M. machaerii sp. nov.; 362. M. melanothorax sp. nov.
FIGURES 325–330 in Taxonomy and host-plant relationships of the psyllid genus Mitrapsylla (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae) in Brazil
FIGURES 325–330. Mitrapsylla spp., female terminalia, lateral view: 325. M. domahovskii sp. nov.; 326. M. halbertae sp. nov.; 327. M. hamata sp. nov.; 328. M. holocalycis sp. nov.; 329. M. itacoatiara sp. nov.; 330. M. itaparica (Crawford). Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 331–336 in Taxonomy and host-plant relationships of the psyllid genus Mitrapsylla (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae) in Brazil
FIGURES 331–336 Mitrapsylla spp., female terminalia, lateral view: 331. M. machaerii sp. nov.; 332. M. melanothorax sp. nov.; 333. M. ochra sp. nov.; 334. M. pallida sp. nov., 335. M. periandrae sp. nov.; 336. M. pterodontis sp. nov. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 313–318 in Taxonomy and host-plant relationships of the psyllid genus Mitrapsylla (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae) in Brazil
FIGURES 313–318. Mitrapsylla spp., female terminalia, lateral view: 313. M. aeschynomenis sp. nov.; 314. M. amazonica sp. nov.; 315. M. andirae sp. nov.; 316. M. aurantia sp. nov.; 317. M. brevigenis sp. nov.; 318. M. cassiae sp. nov. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 265–273 in Taxonomy and host-plant relationships of the psyllid genus Mitrapsylla (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae) in Brazil
FIGURES 265–273. Mitrapsylla spp., male terminalia, lateral view: 265, 268, 271: paramere, outer surface; 266, 269, 272: paramere, inner surface; 267, 270, 273: distal segment of aedeagus. 265‾267. M. pterogynis sp. nov.; 268‾270. M. securigera sp. nov.; 271‾273. M. soror sp. nov. Scale bar = 0.05 mm.
FIGURES 319–324 in Taxonomy and host-plant relationships of the psyllid genus Mitrapsylla (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae) in Brazil
FIGURES 319–324. Mitrapsylla spp., female terminalia, lateral view: 319. M. ceplaciensis (White & Hodkinson); 320. M. clavata sp. nov.; 321. M. cubana Crawford; 322. M. cujabensis sp. nov.; 323. M. cuspidata sp. nov.; 324. M. didyma sp. nov. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.
FIGURES 247–255 in Taxonomy and host-plant relationships of the psyllid genus Mitrapsylla (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae) in Brazil
FIGURES 247–255. Mitrapsylla spp., male terminalia, lateral view: 247, 250, 253: paramere, outer surface; 248, 251, 254: paramere, inner surface; 249, 252, 255: distal segment of aedeagus. 247‾249. M. machaerii sp. nov.; 250‾252. M. melanothorax sp. nov.; 253‾255. M. ochra sp. nov. Scale bar = 0.05 mm.
FIGURES 256–264 in Taxonomy and host-plant relationships of the psyllid genus Mitrapsylla (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae) in Brazil
FIGURES 256–264. Mitrapsylla spp., male terminalia, lateral view: 256, 259, 262: paramere, outer surface; 257, 260, 263: paramere, inner surface; 258, 261, 264: distal segment of aedeagus. 256‾258. M. pallida sp. nov., 259‾261. M. periandrae sp. nov.; 262‾264. M. pterodontis sp. nov. Scale bar = 0.05 mm.
FIGURES 238–246 in Taxonomy and host-plant relationships of the psyllid genus Mitrapsylla (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Psyllidae) in Brazil
FIGURES 238–246. Mitrapsylla spp., male terminalia, lateral view: 238, 241, 244: paramere, outer surface; 239, 242, 245: paramere, inner surface; 240, 243, 246: distal segment of aedeagus. 238‾240. M. holocalycis sp. nov.; 241‾243. M. itacoatiara sp. nov.; 244‾246. M. itaparica (Crawford). Scale bar = 0.05 mm.
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