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FIG. 32. — A-E, left IMG Humerus 4 in Model-based analysis of postcranial osteology of marsupials from the Palaeocene of Itaboraí (Brazil) and the phylogenetics and biogeography of Metatheria

FIG. 32. — A-E, left IMG Humerus 4; A, D, anterior view of the distal third; B, proximal view of the head with the approximate axes of orientation of the head and distal end; C, E, posterior view of the distal third; F-H, left IMG Humerus 5; F, anterior view of the distal third; G, proximal view of the head with the approximate axes of orientation of the head and distal end; H, posterior view of the distal third. Scale bars: 2 mm.

FIG. 30. — Left IMG Humerus 1 in Model-based analysis of postcranial osteology of marsupials from the Palaeocene of Itaboraí (Brazil) and the phylogenetics and biogeography of Metatheria

FIG. 30. — Left IMG Humerus 1; A-D, whole humerus; A, anterior view; B, posterior view; C, lateral view; D, medial view; E, F, distal third of humerus; E, anterior view; F, posterior view. For numbered designations of specific characters see text. Scale bars: 2 mm.

FIG. 28. — IMG Humerus 4 in Model-based analysis of postcranial osteology of marsupials from the Palaeocene of Itaboraí (Brazil) and the phylogenetics and biogeography of Metatheria

FIG. 28. — IMG Humerus 4; A, D, DGM 1.197A-M, right specimen; A, anterior view; D, posterior view; B, E, DGM 1.197D-M, left specimen; B, anterior view; E, posterior view; C, F, DGM 2001M, right specimen; C, anterior view; F, posterior view. Scale bar: 3 mm.

FIG. 29. — A, F, IMG Humerus 5 in Model-based analysis of postcranial osteology of marsupials from the Palaeocene of Itaboraí (Brazil) and the phylogenetics and biogeography of Metatheria

FIG. 29. — A, F, IMG Humerus 5 (DGM 1.195C-M), left specimen; A, anterior view; F, posterior view; B, G, IMG Humerus 6 (DGM 1.196G-M), right specimen; B, anterior view; G, posterior view; C, H, IMG Humerus 5 (DGM 1.195A-M), right specimen; C, anterior view; H, lateral view; D, I, IMG Humerus 5 (DGM 1.195B-M), left specimen; D, anterior view; I, posterior view; E, J, IMG Humerus 7 (DGM 1.196A-M), right specimen; E, anterior view; J, posterior view. Scale bar: 5 mm.

Text-fig. 8. Photo of gnawing marks on the distal joint of humerus of a bear from the cave bear group (Ursus ex gr. spelaeus). Photo by V. Káňa. in The Mammalian Fauna Of Barová Cave (Moravian Karst, The Czech Republic)

Text-fig. 8. Photo of gnawing marks on the distal joint of humerus of a bear from the cave bear group (Ursus ex gr. spelaeus). Photo by V. Káňa.

Text-fig. 18. Carnivore chewing traces on medial trochlear ridge of humerus 98-594-A-Př (2), for the metrics of this bone see Table 12. in Consumption Of Canid Meat At The Gravettian Předmostí Site, The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 18. Carnivore chewing traces on medial trochlear ridge of humerus 98-594-A-Př (2), for the metrics of this bone see Table 12.

Text-fig. 17. Percussion marks on the diaphysis of humerus 98-594-A-Předm, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12. in Consumption Of Canid Meat At The Gravettian Předmostí Site, The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 17. Percussion marks on the diaphysis of humerus 98-594-A-Předm, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12.

Text-fig. 12. "Repetitive" marks on humerus P12404 Předmostí 1928, root traces visible on the shaft, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12. in Consumption Of Canid Meat At The Gravettian Předmostí Site, The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 12. "Repetitive" marks on humerus P12404 Předmostí 1928, root traces visible on the shaft, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12.

Text-fig. 6. Disarticulation marks on humerus 98-594-C-P (2) for disarticulation from the scapula, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12. in Consumption Of Canid Meat At The Gravettian Předmostí Site, The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 6. Disarticulation marks on humerus 98-594-C-P (2) for disarticulation from the scapula, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12.

Text-fig. 5. Disarticulation marks on the head of humerus 98- 594-B-P (1) to disarticulate the shoulder joint, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12. in Consumption Of Canid Meat At The Gravettian Předmostí Site, The Czech Republic

Text-fig. 5. Disarticulation marks on the head of humerus 98- 594-B-P (1) to disarticulate the shoulder joint, for the metrics of this bone see Table 12.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

Figure 11. Accipitrid distal right humerus SAMA P.58917 in An exceptional partial skeleton of a new basal raptor (Aves: Accipitridae) from the late Oligocene Namba formation, South Australia

Figure 11. Accipitrid distal right humerus SAMA P.58917 in cranial (A), caudal (B), dorsal (C) and ventral (D) view. Abbreviations: CD, condylus dorsalis; CDCS, condylus dorsalis caudal scars; CV, condylus ventralis; EV, epicondylus ventralis; FB, fossa brachialis; FO, fossa olecrani; II, incisura intercondylaris; MECR, m. extensor carpi radialis insertion scars; MFCUS, musculus flexor carpi ulnaris scars; PF, processus flexorius; PSD, tuberculum supracondylare dorsale; PSI, pronator superficialis insertion; SHT, sulcus humerotricipitalis; SST, sulcus scapulotricipitalis; TSV, tuberculum supracondylare ventrale. Scale bar 10 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2005View details →

Fig. 2. Ornithocheiroidea indet. PIN 5028−3, left humerus distal end. Melovatka 3 in Two bone fragments of ornithocheiroid pterosaurs from the Cenomanian of Volgograd Region, southern Russia

Fig. 2. Ornithocheiroidea indet. PIN 5028−3, left humerus distal end. Melovatka 3, Volgograd Region, Russia; Upper Cretaceous, upper Cenomanian; in anterior (A), dorsal (B), posterior (C), ventral (D), and distal (E) views. D1 and E1 are stereo−photographs with explanatory drawings (D2, E2). The oval opening seen in right upper corner of the stereo−photograph in Fig. D1 is a postmortem bone breakage and therefore it is not shown in explanatory drawing.

opencc-byApr 2015View details →

Allosaurus Right Humerus (Scaled-Down)

A scaled-down scan of an Allosaurus from the American Museum of Natural History Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab

opencc-byApr 2021View details →

Wisad Humerus 1

This R humerus was recovered from a looted 4th - 6th century tomb located near Wisad Pools in Jordan. 3D modeling and photography of this element was conducted under a permanent loan agreement between the Department of Antiquities of Jordan and Whitman College. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab

opencc-byMar 2016View details →

Left Humerus

Human left humerus from the Osteology Collection, Department of Anthropology, UNCG, modeled with the permission of Dr. Robert Anemone. Creator: Cory Henderson Hardware: NextEngine Desktop 3D Scanner, Model 2020i Software: ScanStudioHD and RapidWorks Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab

opencc-byApr 2021View details →

Wisad Humerus 2

opencc-byOct 2020View details →

Humerus with injuries - 1136478

The Swedish History Museum holds a large collection of bones of various kinds, including human remains. We living humans are both appalled by and attracted to visible evidence of death. The scanned human remains presented on Sketchfab from our museum are important museum artefacts, chosen because they represent a specific historical event. They also represent one of humanity's worst acts: violence towards other humans. It is therefore our wish that you, as a viewer, use the 3D-models with respect. The image shows a human humerus with a substantial cut caused by an edged weapon just above the elbow. The humerus is one of several thousand artifacts found in a mass grave outside Visby on the island Gotland. All remains and objects found on the site stem from a battle between Gotlandic peasants and Danish mercenaries on 27 July 1361. . Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab

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Data from: A 3D geometric morphometric analysis of the bovid distal humerus, with special reference to Rusingoryx atopocranion (Pleistocene, Eastern Africa)

The family Bovidae [Mammalia: Artiodactyla] is speciose and has extant representatives on every continent, forming key components of mammal communities. For these reasons, bovids are ideal candidates for studies of ecomorphology. In particular, the morphology of the bovid humerus has been identified as highly related to functional variables such as body mass and habitat. This study investigates the functional morphology of the bovid distal humerus in isolation due to its increased likelihood of preservation in the fossil record, and the resulting opportunity for better understanding the ecomorphology of extinct bovids. A landmark scheme of 30 landmarks was used to capture the 3D distal humerus morphology in 111 extant bovid specimens. We find that the distal humerus has identifiable morphologies associated with body mass, habitat preference, and tribe affiliation, and that some characteristics are shared between high body mass bovids and those living on hard, flat terrain which is likely due to the high stress on the bone in both cases. We directly apply our findings regarding extant bovids to the extinct alcelaphine bovid, Rusingoryx atopocranion from the mid to late Pleistocene (>33-45 ka) Lake Victoria region of Kenya. This species is known for some peculiar morphologies including a domed cranium with hollow nasal crests, and having small hooves for a bovid of its size. Another interesting aspect of Rusingoryx's skeletal morphology which has not been addressed is an unusual protrusion on the lateral epicondyle of the distal humerus. Despite considerable individual variation in the Rusingoryx specimens, we find evidence to support its historical assignment to the tribe Alcelaphini, and that it likely preferred open grassland habitats, which is consistent with independent reconstructions of the paleoenvironment. We also provide the most accurate body mass estimate for Rusingoryx to date, based on distal humerus centroid size. Overall, we are able to conclude that the distal humerus in extant bovids is highly informative regarding body mass, habitat preference and tribe, and that this can be applied directly to a fossil taxon with promising results.

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2012View details →

Figure 6. Sphenisciformes indet. left humerus, SAM P7158 in A review of Australian fossil penguins (Aves: Sphenisciformes)

Figure 6. Sphenisciformes indet. left humerus, SAM P7158: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view.